Monitoring Gaseous Pollutants

Wet Chemical Methods Ozone

Measurement of Gaseous Pollutants Choices for Wet Chemical Methods

Pollutants that can be easily monitored:• SO2 – West & Gaeke method • Nox – Sodium-Arsenite method• NH3 – Indophenol blue method• Ozone Choices of hardware:• APM411 Attachment with RDS• APM411TE Attachment with RDS• APM433 Independent Gaseous Sampler

Measurement of Gaseous Pollutants The new APM 411TE

Gaseous Sampling Attachment• Thermoelectric Coolers keep the

impingers at a cool 15ºC even when ambient temperature reaches 40ºC

• Built-in thermostat avoids absorbing reagent freezing in winter nights.

• Modified Flow Control Needle Valve Assembly and filter dryer tubes maintain pre-set sampling rate.

• Dryer tubes have indicating blue-silica gel and can be re-used after a suitable bake.

• Impingers conform to BIS

APM 433 Gaseous SamplerSpecially tailored for Wet Chemical Methods

Hardware Included to Facilitate Stand Alone Operation:• Diaphragm Pump• Timer• Time TotalizerImportant Changes:• Pump provides enough suction pressure to allow use of

fritted impinger – needed for NOx• One Impinger with Fritted-disc provided with each unit. • Impinger designed for Ozone monitoring provided as an

Optional Accessory

UV ABSORPTION METHOD for Measurement of Ozone

• Ozone is continuously measured by ultraviolet absorption photometry.

• In the ultraviolet analyzer, a mercury vapor lamp is used to produce ultraviolet radiation at 254 nm which is absorbed by the ozone in the air sample. The ozone signal is determined by the difference between ambient air containing ozone and ambient air with the ozone removed or scrubbed.

• The ultraviolet analyzer is calibrated by comparison with an ozone photometer which is certified as a transfer standard. The transfer standard is certified against absolute ozone photometers located at the California Air Resources Board test and laboratory facilities or NIST. The minimum detectable level of UV monitors is about 2-5 ppbv.

UV ABSORPTION METHOD• Interference's

• Water vapor may also interfere with the UV method when water vapor concentrations are high and variable. These interference's appear to be due to the condensation of water vapor on imperfect absorption cell windows and Ozone scrubber.

• In tropical area we recommend the installation of heated “ Ozone Scrubber” to reduce interference's from water vapour.

EC9810 Principle

SampleInlet

ParticulateFilter

Absorption(Measurement Cell)

Detector

Microprocessor

O3 Output

exhaust

UV source

EC9810 OperationThe EC9810 ozone monitor is a US EPA equivalent method (U.V.)

photometer. This measurement principal is based on the ozone’s characteristics of absorbing U.V.light at a wavelength of 253.7 nm. Two measurements of a U.V. lamp’s light intensities are taken in a measurement cycle. In the first, an air sample is passed directly to the sample cell, the second is directed through the ozone scrubber. The scrubber function is to selectively remove the ozone from the sample for the reference portion of the measurement cycle,leaving all other potential interference’s intact. These interference’s are then compensated by the differential process of subtracting the measurement cycle from the reference cycle to produce an ozone measurement.

Theory of operation cont.– To avoid interference from a number of compounds absorbing light at

254 nm, the predominant wavelength emitted by the UV lamp, such compounds include aromatics HC,NO, SO2,H2O and others including instability of the light source. The scrubber selectively removes O3 but passes the interfering compounds. Thus, the intensity ratio described in the previous paragraph is a function of only ozone absorption.

Ozone Analyzers in use in India

• Envirotech commissioned the first Ozone Analyzer at Hyderabad in 2006

• Early users of Ozone Analyzers supplied by Envirotech:– Tata Power, Mumbai– UP Pollution Control Board – Kanpur, Varanasi and

Agra– Sri Ramchandra Institute, Chennai– Annamalai University, Chennai– NIT, Trichy

Siting of Monitoring StationNote that ozone is a reactive gas that is absorbed by vegetation,

measurements should therefore be carried out well away from plant life. O3 Networks should sample 3-5m above ground level and more than 20 m away from trees. Sampling manifolds should be made of material that is inert to ozone, such as glass, Teflon,FEP, residence time of the sample gas should be as short as possible. The sample lines to the analyzer should be kept as short as possible to avoid losses, and should be thermally isolated to prevent condensation. Any ambient NO present in the sample air will react with some of the ozone during the residence time in the sample line.

EC9810 Specifications• Ozone Range: 0 - 20 ppm• Resolution: 0.001 ppm• Precision : 0.001 ppm• Zero drift 30 day: 0.001 ppm• Span drift 30 day: 0.002 ppm/C0 or 0.5% • Temperature range: 5 - 40 C0

• EPA designated range: 0 - 50 to 0 - 1000 ppb• Sample flow: 0 - 0.5 to 0 - 0.75 slpm