Fs volume iv (eia) environment comments

GOVERNMENT OF BALOCHISTAN

BALOCHISTAN SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION PROJECT

Porali River Basin Water Resources Management & Development Project

(Volume – IV)

PART B- Environmental Impact Assessment

A-4, JinnahTown, Samungli Road, Quetta-87300, Pakistan.

Tel: 92-81-2863613-14

Email: [email protected]

Web Site: www.techno-consult.com

in association with

Associated Consulting Engineers

i

Balochistan Small Scale Irrigation Project

In association with ACE -CAMEOS

Porali River Basin Water resource

Management & Development Project Environmental & Social Impact Assessment

CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................. vii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ................................................ 1-1

1.1 OVERVIEW OF PRB-WRMD PROJECT ...................................................... 1-1

1.2 NECESSITY OF THE EIA ............................................................................ 1-1

1.3 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE EIA..................................................... 1-2

1.4 STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ............................................... 1-4

1.4.1 Orientation Sessions ..................................................................................... 1-5

1.4.2 Development of Data Acquisition Plan .......................................................... 1-5

1.4.3 Secondary Data Collection and Review ........................................................ 1-5

1.4.4 Primary Data Collection ................................................................................ 1-5

1.4.5 Site Visits ...................................................................................................... 1-6

1.4.6 Data Analysis ................................................................................................ 1-6

1.4.7 Development of Mitigation Measures ............................................................ 1-6

1.4.8 Stakeholder Consultation .............................................................................. 1-7

1.4.9 Reporting ...................................................................................................... 1-7

1.5 LIMITATIONS ............................................................................................... 1-7

CHAPTER 2 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ............................................................... 2-1

2.1 INTRODUCTION OF PROPOSED PROJECT ............................................. 2-1

2.2 PROJECT NEED & JUSTIFICATION ........................................................... 2-2

2.3 TECHNICAL COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT ....................................... 2-4

2.3.1 Component – A: Investment Component ...................................................... 2-4

2.4 ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS .......................................................................... 2-9

2.4.1 No Project Alternative ................................................................................... 2-9

2.4.2 Storage dams VS Diversions ........................................................................ 2-9

2.4.3 Reservoirs at hig altitude VS close proximity to agricultural lands ............... 2-10

CHAPTER 3 LEGISLATION, GUIDELINES AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK .... 3-1

3.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2 BACKGROUND............................................................................................ 3-1

3.3 NATIONAL POLICY ON THE ENVIRONMENT ............................................ 3-2

3.4 IWRM POLICY ............................................................................................. 3-2

3.5 BALUCHISTAN ACQUISITION OF LAND ACT 1974 & (AMENDMENT) ORDINANCE 1976 ......................................................................................................... 3-3

3.6 ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS ............................................................ 3-4

3.6.1 National Regulations ..................................................................................... 3-4

3.6.2 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 ............................................... 3-4

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3.6.3 Balochistan Environmental Protection Act, 2012 ........................................... 3-5

3.6.4 Pakistan EPA Review of IEE and EIA Regulations, 2000 .............................. 3-6

3.6.5 Forest Act 1927 ............................................................................................ 3-7

3.6.6 The Antiquities Act, 1975 .............................................................................. 3-8

3.6.7 Pakistan Penal Code 1860............................................................................ 3-8

3.6.8 The Balochistan Wildlife Protection (Amendment) Ordinance, 2001 ............. 3-8

3.6.9 Baluchistan Goats (Restriction) Ordinance 1959 ........................................... 3-8

3.6.10 Baluchistan Ground Water Rights Administration Ordinance 1978 ................ 3-8

3.6.11 The Canal and Drainage Act, 1873 ............................................................... 3-9

3.7 INSTITUTIONAL SETUP FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ............ 3-9

3.7.1 Provincial Environmental Protection Council (Provincial EPC) and the Baluchistan Environmental Protection Agency (BEPA) ................................. 3-9

3.8 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES ..................................................... 3-9

3.8.1 Description .................................................................................................... 3-9

3.8.2 Safeguard Polices Relevant to PRBDP ....................................................... 3-10

CHAPTER 4 PROJECT AREA ................................................................................... 4-1

4.1 Description ................................................................................................... 4-1

4.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................ 4-1

4.2.1 Location and Surroundings ........................................................................... 4-1

4.2.2 Geology ........................................................................................................ 4-3

4.2.3 Tectonic Activity ............................................................................................ 4-4

4.2.4 Soil ............................................................................................................... 4-5

4.2.5 Ambient Air Quality ....................................................................................... 4-6

4.2.6 Ambient Noise .............................................................................................. 4-6

4.2.7 Meteorology .................................................................................................. 4-6

4.2.8 Ground Water ............................................................................................... 4-8

4.2.9 Water Quality .............................................................................................. 4-10

4.3 BIOLOGICAL AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ......................................... 4-11

4.3.1 Flora ........................................................................................................... 4-12

4.3.2 Fauna ......................................................................................................... 4-15

4.3.3 Ecosystem Sensitivities .............................................................................. 4-18

4.3.4 Miani Hor .................................................................................................... 4-18

4.3.5 Southern Zone (Liari, Uthal & Lakhra Tehsils) ............................................. 4-20

4.3.6 Central Zone Of Target Area (Kanrach & Bela Tehsil) ................................ 4-23

4.3.7 Northern Eastern Zone (Wad And Khuzdar Tehsil) ................................. 4-25

Biodiversity of the zone ............................................................................... 4-26

Description of Intervention Sites:................................................................. 4-26

4.4 DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE ............................. 4-28

4.4.1 Population ................................................................................................... 4-28

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4.4.2 Tribes, Ethnic Groups, Languages, Culture and Decision Making ............... 4-31

4.4.3 Development Status, Potential and Poverty Situation ................................. 4-34

4.4.4 Economic Activities and Income Stratification ............................................. 4-35

4.4.5 Livelihood Patterns and Activities................................................................ 4-36

4.4.6 Land Statistics ............................................................................................ 4-36

4.4.7 Land Tenure and Holdings .......................................................................... 4-37

4.4.8 Land Use .................................................................................................... 4-40

4.4.9 Agricultural Status ....................................................................................... 4-40

4.5 LIVESTOCK ............................................................................................... 4-44

4.5.1 Health Status and Facilities ......................................................................... 4-46

4.5.2 Education Status and Facility ...................................................................... 4-49

4.5.3 Provision of Utilities..................................................................................... 4-52

CHAPTER 5 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION ...................................................... 5-1

5.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................... 5-1

5.3 STAKEHOLDERS IDENTIFICATION ........................................................... 5-1

5.4 STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS ........................................................................ 5-3

5.4.1 Organization and Composition ...................................................................... 5-3

5.4.2 Public Consultation in Field ........................................................................... 5-4

5.4.3 Consultation with Institutional Stakeholders .................................................. 5-5

5.4.4 Public Consultation Workshop .................................................................... 5-11

5.4.5 Continual Engagement with Stakeholders ................................................... 5-13

CHAPTER 6 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATIONS .............. 6-1

6.1 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ............................ 6-2

6.2 DESIGN / PLANNING COMPONENT .......................................................... 6-2

6.2.1 Potential Impacts at Design / Planning Component....................................... 6-3

6.2.2 Mitigation / Enhancement Measures ............................................................. 6-3

6.2.3 Physical Intervention Stage ........................................................................... 6-4

6.3 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AT CONSTRUCTION PHASE ................................. 6-4

6.3.1 Environmental, Social or Ecological Disturbance due to Non-compliance of EMMP .......................................................................................................... 6-5

6.4 OPERATIONS STAGE ............................................................................... 6-14

6.4.1 Potential Impacts at Operations Phase ....................................................... 6-15

6.4.2 Cumulative Impacts .................................................................................... 6-25

6.4.3 DAC Evaluation Criteria .............................................................................. 6-26

CHAPTER 7 Environmental Monitoring & Mitigation Plan ..................................... 7-1

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List of Annexures:

Annexure-1: Balochistan Environmental Protection Act

Annexure-2: Copy of PEPA 1997

Annexure-3: Initial Environmental Examination and Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations,

2000

Annexure – 4: Attendance List of Participants

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List of Tables:

Table 2.1: Perennial Irrigation scheme specifications ......................................................... 2-5 Table 2.2: Flood Irrigation Scheme Details ......................................................................... 2-7 Table 2.3: Proposed reservoir locations & capacities ......................................................... 2-8 Table 3.1: Social and Environmental Safeguards Relevant for PRBDP ............................ 3-10 Table 4.1: Major Tectonic Zones ........................................................................................ 4-5 Table 4.2: Ambient Noise ................................................................................................... 4-6 Table 4.3: Climatic Data of Bela Station ............................................................................. 4-7 Table 4.4: Ground Water Depth in the Area ....................................................................... 4-8 Table 4.5: Current Water Quality ...................................................................................... 4-10 Table 4.6: Cumulative Floristic list of Porali Basin ............................................................ 4-13 Table 4.7: Cumulative list of Fauna near Porali Basin ...................................................... 4-16 Table 4.8: Population Distribution..................................................................................... 4-29 Table 4.9: Various Ethnic Groups..................................................................................... 4-32 Table 4.10: Physiographical Details of the Project Catchments ........................................ 4-37 Table 4.11: Land Ownership of the User along the proposed intervention........................ 4-38 Table 4.12: Agriculture Status along the Proposed Intervention ....................................... 4-41 Table 4.13: Per Acre Yield of Different Crops ................................................................... 4-44 Table 4.14: Livestock (Mature) & Poultry.......................................................................... 4-45 Table 4.15: Status and number of Health Facilities in the area ......................................... 4-47 Table 4.16: No. of Educational Facilities in the Settlements along the Proposed Interventions ........................................................................................................................................ 4-50 Table 4.17: Electricity Status in the settlements along the proposed interventions ........... 4-52 Table 4.18: Potable Water Sources of Settlements .......................................................... 4-55 Table 5.1: Identification of Stakeholder .............................................................................. 5-2 Table 5.2: Classification of Porali River Basin Project Stakeholders ................................... 5-4 Table 6.1: Cut / Fill Volume of 03 Proposed Dams ............................................................. 6-9 Table 6.2: Existing Water Needs ...................................................................................... 6-15 Table 6.3: Recharge of Ground Water ............................................................................. 6-16 Table 6.4: Per ha Use of Fertilizers .................................................................................. 6-24 Table 6.5: Storage of Water Dam ..................................................................................... 6-24 Table 6.6: Commlative Impacts ........................................................................................ 6-25

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List of Figures:

Figure 4.1: Depicts Sub-basin Wise Area of the Porali River Basin .................................... 4-2 Figure 4.2: Location and Surrounding of Study Area .......................................................... 4-3 Figure 4.3: Study Area depicted on the Geological Map of Pakistan .................................. 4-4 Figure 4.4: Tectonic Map of the area .................................................................................. 4-5 Figure 4.5: Types of Soil of the Area .................................................................................. 4-5 Figure 4.6: Geographical Regions of the Area ................................................................. 4-12 Figure 4.7: Vegetation of Porali Basin .............................................................................. 4-12 Figure 4.8: Ecological Zone.............................................................................................. 4-18 Figure 4.9: Distribution of mangroves in Miani Hor. SPOT 2003 ...................................... 4-19 Figure 4.10: View of the Flood Irrigation Scheme at Uthal Khanta Bridge ........................ 4-22 Figure 4.11: Perennial Irrigation Scheme at Phat Gidri Area ............................................ 4-22 Figure 4.12: A View of Sheb Medan ................................................................................. 4-24 Figure 4.13: Proposed Site for Kharrari Dam ................................................................... 4-24 Figure 4.14: Panoramic view of proposed facility at Gandasha ........................................ 4-25 Figure 4.15: Mazari Palm ................................................................................................. 4-26 Figure 4.16: Frog in the Stagnant Water in Kud Area ....................................................... 4-26 Figure 4.17: Panoramic view of Nimi Perennial Irrigation Scheme ................................... 4-27 Figure 4.18: Kud Dam Site ............................................................................................... 4-27 Figure 4.19: Income Stratification ..................................................................................... 4-36 Figure 4.20: Livestock Population .................................................................................... 4-46

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Balochistan Small Scale Irrigation Project is a World Bank funded project, aimed to support

the Government of Balochistan to improve the management of scarce water resources in

the Pishin Lora Basin. The revised scope of the project also improves development of Porali

River Basin Water resource Management & Development Plan using Integrated River Basin

Management (IRBM) approach. Accordingly feasibility study had been prepared.

Porali River is one of the four rivers of Balochistan falling into Arabian Sea. The 328 kilometer

long river originates from the hills of Wadh mountain range in the district of Khuzdar and

runs through the plains of Lasbela District. At the southern end, it passes through Miani Hor

wetland before entering into Arabian Sea at Sonmiani Bay. Miani Hor wetland is a swampy

lagoon lying on the coast covering an area of 7,471 hectares designated as Ramsar Wetland

site. The total project area of Porali River Basin is about 11,616 Sq.km.

The proposed PRBDP Project is targeted towards conservation, management and

development of water, land and related resources across sectors in the Porali River Basin to

maximize the economic and social benefits derived from water resources in an equitable

manner while preserving and, where necessary, restoring freshwater ecosystems. The

project will contribute to the economic growth of the villages by reducing the uncertainty of

irrigation water availability and contributing to sustainable self-sufficiency by encouraging

farmer participation, community mobilization, training and capacity building initiatives of

key stakeholders and enabling land users to improve crop production. At the current level,

the design consultants have carried out a detailed study of the natural resources potential of

the Porali River Basin, and its sustainable use. Porali River Basin management comprises of

following components:

Component A: Investment Component

Component B: Ground water management and development plan

Component C: Institutional and Capacity Building

Component D: Project Management and M&E

Component A is the technical component where physical interventions will take place. This

will have allied works of Water Source improvement and Water conveyance Improvement.

This component consists of physical interventions in the form of a karez, 13 Perennial

Irrigation Schemes, 03 Flood Irrigation Schemes, and 03 Water Storage Dams. The major the

Perennial Irrigation Schemes within the project are three ogee weirs along with the off takes

and irrigation channels, as well as one off take schemes at 9 different locations. The three

FIS are also based on Ogee Wier, located at Uthal Khantra, Titian, and Phaat Gidri. Two

earthen dams and one concrete arch dam are included in the project. The two earthen dams

at Bambri and Kharrari are of low reservoir capacity, while the third dam on Kud River is

based on RCC structure having a capacity of 83,199 acre-foot.

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(PRBDP)

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one or 9?

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(FIS)

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(PIS)

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How much is low?

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The project need stems from multiple factors, including the following issues in the Porali

River Basin Area:

Extended Drought and its Impacts

Flash Floods

Poor Watershed & Rangeland Management

Water Shortage for Domestic Use and Irrigation

Inefficient Use of Water in Agriculture

Depleting Groundwater Level

Social and Institutional Aspects

The proposed project is governed by a host of national and provincial statues and

regulations. Furthermore, as the World Bank is expected to be involved as a donor /

financier, its relevant policies and guidelines will also govern the proposed project. Amongst

the various rules and statutes, as summarized in Chapter 3 of this ESIA report, the most

pertinent from an environmental perspective are the Balochistan Environmental Protection

Act, and the (draft) IWRM Policy. As per Draft Balochistan Comprehensive Development

Strategy 2013 -2020 the water sector development will be:

“For the irrigation water, the strategy is clear that evolving Water Resource Management

System and Institutional Framework will be central to sustainable water use in the province.

The theme is pillared on undertaking river basin wide management of water with greater

focus on the flood irrigation Sailaba and creating water storages on all strategic locations in

the river basins and handling the Sailaba irrigation and dams command area in an integrated

manner. Under the Strategy, GoB will support establishment of Drip Irrigation Manufacturing

Plants in the province under PPP mode for providing either front- end or back- end subsidy to

get a system introduced with full institutional support. There is emphasis that water supply

and sanitation requires a dedicated attention and given the massive gap, it is planned to

undertake integrated water supply and sanitation system in partnership with the local

communities especially women through a community infrastructure program for a minimum

of 5000 settlements “.

In terms of environmental regulations, an interesting provision of the provincial

Environmental Protection Act, which is relevant for the proposed project, is given in its Sub-

section 2 of Section 20: “When preparing water resource management plans, Departments

and other relevant institutions shall at least take the following into account:

provisions for integrated watershed management;

regulation of sustainable abstraction of groundwater;

regulation of the use of ground or surface water for agricultural, industrial, mining, and

urban purposes;

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and World Bank safeguards policies.

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measures to protect human health and ecosystems;

measures to protect wetlands and their associated ecosystems;

any other provision necessary for the sustainable use and management of water

resources.

The Project area is spread in three districts of Balochistan as following:

Khuzdar District 6,167 km2 53.1 %

Lasbela District 4,813 km2 41.4 %

Awaran District 637 km2 5.5 %

The geology of the area is represented by different geological formations. The rocks consist

of mainly sand stones, shale and conglomerates of various ages. Aeolian deposits can be

seen in the south east and river deposits in the North West. Overall surface flows follow the

north-south path with some local changes.

After scientific analysis, the feasibility study concludes that climate change is observed in all

parts of the Porali basin. However, the results vary in different regions of the watershed. In

the lower region (Bela and Uthal), there is decrease in monthly and annual precipitation,

whereas precipitation has increased at Wadh. Annual variables (maximum, minimum and

average) for all stations show increase with 0.6°C, 0.5°C and 0.7°C in Bela, Uthal and Wadh,

respectively. This concludes that climate change of Porali watershed is local, and does not

follow the global behaviour.

Ground water is currently the main source of water for domestic, irrigation and livestock. Its uncontrolled withdrawal is causing depletion of water table.

A range of natural resources including water, agriculture, forests (both terrestrial and

mangrove), livestock and rangelands, wetlands and fisheries exist in the Porali River Basin.

The natural resources suffer from lack of land use planning and over-exploitation, resulting

in degradation, affecting the subsistence and livelihoods of the local people. The poor

management of flood flows has resulted in very little use for agricultural purpose and results

in damages to land, properties and human lives also. A lack of understanding, concern and

investment for sustainability is also prevalent. The recent trend of pumping out water for

cultivation of banana, other fruit orchards and vegetables is resulting in the rapid depletion

of ground water. While vast tracts of cultivable plain lands exist, water for irrigation is a key

constraint in the expansion and development of agriculture. In fact there is great potential

for sustainable water and agricultural development in Porali River Basin.

The population is generally poor, with low to non-existent access to basic necessities of life

including potable water, sanitation, education, healthcare and employment. An estimated

366,000 people currently live in the Porali river basin, with majority of them in the Lasebla

district. Roughly 57,200 people, comprising of 6,213 households in 45 human settlements

along side the proposed interventions will be directly affected, mostly in a positive way. The

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purposes

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major positive impacts will be in the form of consistent and reliable water supply for

irrigation, which is the main livelihood source for majority of population.

Though the single major occupation is agriculture, less than 2% of available culturable land is

currently under cultivation. This is mainly due to scarcity of water besides inhospitable

terrain. Ironically, the scientific analysis shows that there is ample water available in the

watershed in any given year. However, more than 90% of this water is drained into the

Arabian sea due to absence of suitable irrigation and storage arrangements, and the

relatively steep tangent of the area.

Livestock rearing is the second major economic activity. However, this is also limited mainly

to small ruminants, because of poor nutritional performance of the rangelands. Again,

scarcity of water is a major source of the current dismal status.

The impact analysis was carried out on the basis of available database and stakeholder

consultations; this resulted in two broad categories; the developmental phase and the

operational phase. The developmental phase is more to deal with earthworks, construction

and logistics, since the area has not been represented sensitive from the biodiversity point

of view, therefore no detrimental impact of the project has been envisaged and therefore no

offset arrangement has been recommended. The analysis resulted in identifying some of

the social impacts, short term in developmental phase and long term in operational phase.

A generic list of potential project impacts is provided in the following:

Positive Impacts Negative Impacts

Improved water resources and basin

knowledge base

Dam safety concerns with small dams

Increase in institutional capacity for

coordinated basin management

Localized impacts from reduction of flows

due to small-scale irrigation development

Reduction in run-off and soil erosion Removal of vegetation from construction

sites.

Improved land resources management. Disturbance to and small-scale loss of

wildlife habitats.

Protection of natural resources, human

settlements and transport infrastructure

such as bridges, and roads from excessive

flooding

Soil erosion induced by earthwork or

drainage.

Improved and protected wildlife habitat. Dust emissions from construction activities.

More consistent water flows in the Porali Changes in water flows and levels.

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Following need to be added here; -A short paragraph on flora and fauna of the area -a short paragraph describing water quality (surface and ground) in the project area and testing done. -a short paragraph about the social and cultural issues in the area.

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... of impacts;

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impacts.

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replace with impacts

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what does this mean? since the area is not home to any known ecological sensitivities

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this statement is completely unfounded and needs to be removed.

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no need to list positive impacts here.

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River and its tributaries.

Overall protection of ecological balance

along the basin.

Changes in main channel flow regimes

Improved livelihoods through enhanced

food security, nutrition and availability of

disposable income.

Extraction and disposal of rocks, earth, and

other construction materials.

Reduced reliance on forest resources for

charcoal production and income

generation.

Increased generation of both liquid and

solid waste from construction works

Increased job opportunities and small

businesses.

Improved sanitation and hygiene.

This ESIA report provides description of the potential impacts, and pertinent enhancement /

mitigation measures. In order to make the proposed project entirely acceptable at the social

and environmental levels, the proponents will need to set up an institutional arrangement to

steer and monitor the project throughout the project life. This suggestions stems from

concerns and comments by various stakeholders on the same lines, specially the EPA

(Balochistan) and the community at large.

It is recommended that the project proponent formulate a steering / coordination

committee consisting of representatives from all relevant line departments and other

stakeholders. This committee should be chaired by the Secretary (Provincial Irrigation

Department); however, the members from other line departments should be from lower

cadres to ensure regular meetings.

The developmental phase of the project activity would last until the physical completion of

the proposed activities (Improvements in Perennial Irrigation Schemes, Improvements in

Flood Irrigation Schemes and construction of (Check and Delay action) Dams). This phase is

likely to have intense logistic activities, in terms of heavy machinery movement, the activity

would burden on the available roadways and likely to degrade physical ambiance of the

project area and its surroundings until the completion of its developmental phase.

This has been observed that such project activities enhance

the expectation of the stakeholders in the surrounding of the

project site in terms of immediate monitory returns in the

form of jobs. This aspect of the project should be dealt with

extra care to avoid any social problems.

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key environmental mitigation measures need to be listed.

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The project should have at least one dedicated environmental specialist.

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The analysis transpired as a result of stakeholder consultation brought about encouraging

results; most of the stakeholders consider the proposed interventions as positive

development which has been foreseen to contribute positively for the ecosystem in general

and for the inhabitants in particular.

The consultations with line government departments brought about similar results;

Balochistan Forest department , Balochistan Livestock department and Balochistan

Agricuture department consider the proposed project supporting their objectives.

Balochistan Forest department consider developing plans to plant trees on the

embankments of the improved structure, besides developing plans for maintaining

rangelands under proposed improved water regimes. This encourages livestock department

to identify opportunities to support their objectives. There is a need to develop a very close

coordination among these departments to synchronize their efforts in complimenting

manner to achieve better results.

The operational phase of the project would bring promising results, if the storage release

would be made considering social and technical merits, giving due consideration to

downstream and downstream beneficiaries. Similarly the water flow in improved perennial

and flood irrigation schemes would be distributed giving due considerations to the potential

dynamics of the area.

The sensitivity of the project on Mangrove ecosystem at Miani hor has also been assessed;

the inhabitants consider the proposed project to minimize the destructive ephemeral flow of

Porali, which often resulted in destruction and damage. They see this project as to minimize

the destructive behavior of the flow. Since the water pouring at the mouth of Porali is not

characterized as perennial; therefore its impact in contributing the health of mangrove

ecosystem has marginal significance. The cause of ecosystem degradation was identified as

heavy eoline shift of sand in the area (Saifullah etal 2002).

The PRBDP is intended to improve the management of water and other natural resources

within the Porali River Basin. The cumulative impacts of the PRBDP are intended—and

expected—to be highly positive overall from an environmental and social standpoint. The

proposed interventions take into account the close link between people and their

environment & natural resources.

Poorly-planned development, especially major investments, in the Porali River Basin through

sectoral interventions such as irrigation, and water supply could cause significant cumulative

impacts in the form of foreclosure of future water uses, or over-commitment of water

resources and resulting reduced reliability in water supply. Major new interventions could

also have associated induced impacts, such as pollution from enhanced agro-chemical use

with irrigation development.

The Basin Planning activities would support development of a comprehensive basin

knowledge base and stakeholder inputs to examine the cumulative impact of interventions.

The basin planning approach proposed seeks to move away from the current problematic

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This is not to be assessed by the inhabitants but by specialists.

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incremental project-by-project sectoral approach to consider inter-relationships between

projects and estimating the cumulative system implications of development across sectors.

The monitoring system will set up a framework to provide a systematic tracking of key

environmental/natural resources and social parameters in a spatial context across all

interventions, using modern remote sensing/earth observation knowledge products and GIS

tools. This would help in keeping track of the progress, exploring synergies/trade-offs in a

larger systems context, and outlining future needs in a more systematic manner.

Enhanced awareness of the basin issues and options to enable consensus on decisions and

behavioral change is critical across key basin stakeholders (such as government officials,

farmers, NGOs, development partners, and the general public).

The preparation phase (e.g. surveys, pre-feasibility, feasibility, or design studies) could have

some induced or cumulative impacts depending on the type, location, and scale. The project

would support the holistic preparation, including not only the technical studies, but

environmental and social impacts assessment studies.

Catchment management activities could have some induced and cumulative impacts, for

example small-scale check dams or irrigation pilots could be replicated in unsustainable

ways in additional inappropriate locations, and both capacity-building and awareness-raising

programs will be needed in this regard.

It is also possible that the PRBDP could set in motion a series of activities that have a more

virtuous set of positive cumulative or induced impacts. Successful paradigms demonstrated

under this project in targeted areas may be significantly scaled-up in future. Basin planning

approaches can be developed for other basins in the Country. Enhancing the knowledge

base and capacity in key water and land related institutions can manifest themselves beyond

their expected role in the project to more effectively manage their other activities.

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

1.1 OVERVIEW OF PRB-WRMD PROJECT

Balochistan Small Scale Irrigation Project is a World Bank funded project, aimed to support

the Government of Balochistan to improve the management of scarce water resources in

the Pishin Lora Basin. The revised scope of the project also improves development of Porali

River Basin Water resource Management & Development Plan using Integrated River Basin

Management (IRBM) approach. Accordingly feasibility study had been prepared.

Later on, in consultation with various subject experts, the World Bank revised the scope.

Instead of localized development schemes, the revised scope requires an “Integrated River

Basin Management” approach. This new scope now covers two river basins (rather than

three); namely Porali and Nari.

The detailed description of the project and its components is given in Chapter-2 of this

document.

1.2 NECESSITY OF THE EIA

The apex Pakistani law governing the subject of environment is the Pakistan Environmental

Protection Act – 1997 (PEPA-97). This is a very comprehensive law and various rules and

procedures have also been promulgated under this Act. The Environmental Protection

Agency has also published a series of guidelines for preparation of environmental reports

and management plans for a variety of development projects in different sectors.

Under Section 12 of the Act, it is mandatory for the proponents of the projects1 to execute

the IEE and / or EIA (where warranted), and get the approval from federal agency (i.e. Pak-

EPA). This function has been delegated under Section 26 to provincial EPAs.

After the 18th amendment to the constitution of Pakistan, environment became a provincial

subject, and the environmental law governing the Porali River Project is now the Balochistan

Environmental Protection Act 2013. This act also provides for IEE or EIA (as the case maybe)

for projects under its clause 15. A copy of Balochistan Environmental Protection Act is

attached as Annexure – 1 of this report.

1 The Act defines a Project as: “Any activity, plan, scheme, proposal or understanding involving any change in

the environment and includes:

Construction or use of buildings or other works;

Construction or use of roads or other transport systems;

Construction or operation of factories or other installations;

Mineral prospecting, mining, quarrying, stone-crushing, drilling, and the like;

Any change of land use or water use; and

Alteration, expansion, repair, decommissioning or abandonment of existing buildings or other works, roads or other transport systems, factories or other installations.”

1-2 Balochistan Small Scale Irrigation Project




The EIA / IEE regulations of 2000 provide categories of projects for which IEE or EIA needs to

be conducted. The proposed project falls under the category of “Water management, dams,

irrigation & flood protection”. Due to cumulative nature of the proposed project, an EIA has

been conducted, though the individual interventions might have been categorized under IEE.

According to the World Bank Operational Policy 4.01, a proposed project is classified as

Category A if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive,

diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or

facilities subject to physical works. EA for a Category A project examines the project's

potential negative and positive environmental impacts, compares them with those of

feasible alternatives (including the "without project" situation), and recommends any

measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and

improve environmental performance. For a Category A project, the borrower is responsible

for preparing a report, normally an EIA (or a suitably comprehensive regional or sectorial

EA).

Based on the above requirements of national and provincial regulations, as well as the

World Bank operational policy, an Environmental Impact Assessment of the proposed

project has been carried out.

1.3 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE EIA

The overall objective of this study is to elucidate the anticipated aspects of the proposed

intervention and their impacts on the surrounding environment in order to propose

necessary mitigation measures to prevent/minimize adverse impacts. To achieve this

objective, an assessment of the existing environmental status of the project site is a

prerequisite and therefore included in this study by collecting and reviewing the baseline

data of various environmental attributes.

This EIA has been prepared to ensure adequate environmental and social management

during development and implementation of Porali River Basin Development Project. It

provides mechanisms for ensuring that potential environmental and social impacts of the

current program are identified, assessed and mitigated as appropriate, through an

environmental and social screening process. The EIA therefore complies with the Pakistani

EIA procedures for meeting the environmental and social management requirements, as

outlined in EIA Guidelines. The EIA also complies with the World Bank Operational Policies

for environmental management of projects (OP/BP 4.01).

More specific objectives of this EIA report include:

To meet the statutory requirements set forth by the Pakistan Environmental Protection

Act (PEPA) 1997 and the Balochistan Environmental Protection Act.





To facilitate decision making by the Balochistan Environmental Protection Agency (BEPA)

regarding grant of NOC for the project.

To establish a baseline of existing environmental status at the project site prior to

project initiation by collecting secondary and primary data/information on physical,

biological and socio-economic environment of the project area.

To help the project proponents to incorporate necessary measures for legally compliant

and socially acceptable environmental performance of their project.

To identify significant environmental impacts (both positive and negative) during all

stages of the project and propose mitigation measures for negative impacts.

The scope of the assignment is derived from the PEPA guidelines. As per the scope of work,

the EIA report consists of the following sections:

Description of the Project:

Complete description of the relevant parts of the project has been provided, using

appropriate visual aids (maps, photographs, satellite imageries etc.) where necessary.

Analysis of Project Alternatives:

Alternatives of the project are examined including: no-action option and alternate

technology option.

Legislative and Regulatory Considerations:

The relevant legislation, regulations and standards, and environmental policies which are

applicable to the project are described. The appropriate authority jurisdictions that will

specifically apply to the project are also identified.

Description of the Environment:

The baseline data on the relevant environmental characteristics of the study area was

assembled, evaluated and presented. This section includes the detailed description of the

following environmental attributes within the project area. The ‘project area’ is defined as

the area within which the impact of the project may be expected.

Physical Environment:

Locations and surroundings, site plans and layout, geography, polar coordinates, soils and

geology, topography and drainage system, seismic zone, water resources, air and water

quality, public water supplies, climate and ambient noise.





Biotic and Natural Environment:

Flora and fauna of the terrestrial ecosystems, rare or endangered species and sensitive

habitat.

Socio-economic Environment:

Demographics, employment, land use, community structure, public health, communal

facilities or services, sites affected by the project and community perceptions about the

project.

Validation of available information was done by characterizing the extent and quality of

collected data. This helped in indicating the significant information deficiencies and any

uncertainties associated with the prediction of impacts.

Potential Impacts of the Project:

Impacts related to the project were identified and distinction for significant impacts was

made between positive and negative, direct and indirect, short and long term, during

different phases of the project. Cumulative impacts have also been identified. Special

attention was paid to:

Impacts of the project on the ecology

Impacts on the existing socio-economic conditions

Impacts of the project on ambient noise levels.

Impacts of the project on the ambient air quality.

Impacts of the project on water quality.

Impacts of the project on soil characteristics.

Impacts of the project on health and safety.

Mitigation measures of Adverse Impacts:

Possible measures to prevent or reduce significant negative impacts to acceptable levels

have been identified. Recommendations to adopt feasible mitigation measures were

included in the report.

Development of a Monitoring and Management Plan:

The critical issues requiring monitoring to ensure compliance to mitigation measures are

identified. Impact management and monitoring plan for operations has been presented.

1.4 STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

The following methodology was adopted:





1.4.1 Orientation Sessions

The EIA team held meetings and discussions with relevant key officials of the design team

(TCI), Balochistan Irrigation Department and the World Bank. This activity was aimed at

achieving a common ground of understanding on various issues of the EIA study.

1.4.2 Development of Data Acquisition Plan

Following the concept clarification and understanding, a detailed data acquisition plan was

developed for the internal use of the consulting team. This plan was revised and updated

throughout the EIA process. The plan identified specific requirements of the primary and

secondary data and their sources; determined time schedules and responsibilities for their

collection; and indicated the logistics and facilitation needs for the execution of the data

acquisition plan.

1.4.3 Secondary Data Collection and Review

The secondary data about the physical, technical, and institutional aspects of similar projects

available with NEC and TCI were also reviewed. Additional data was collected from the

following departments:

Balochistan Irrigation Department

Pakistan Meteorological Department

Botany Department, University of Karachi

Geological Survey of Pakistan

Population Census Organization

NGOs/CBOs

Related Studies and Research Articles

On the basis of the secondary information and its review, a primary survey plan was

developed. Gap analysis was also carried out to identify all the data required to conduct an

EIA study.

1.4.4 Primary Data Collection

Primary data was collected for the parameters identified in the gap analysis. Socioeconomic

surveys were conducted for the human settlements located near the proposed project

corridor. The survey tools included questionnaires and focused discussions.

In addition, the data for the following parameters was also collected for establishing the

existing environmental baseline.

Noise Levels at site

Ambient Water Quality at site





1.4.5 Site Visits

The consulting team made several visits to the project site. The visits were made by all team

members in order to collect necessary data pertaining to their respective areas of

responsibility for the assignment.

A reconnaissance survey of the proposed site was conducted during 12th to 15th May, 2013,

for a better understanding of the proposed corridor and its plausible interaction with the

environment and socio economy of its neighborhood. Based on the reconnaissance survey,

questionnaire for detailed survey was developed. The 1st phase of detailed survey was

conducted during June 2013. Earthquake in Balochistan and law & order situation caused

delay in conducting the 2nd phase of the detailed survey, which was completed during 29th

October to 6th November, 2013. Later on, another survey to observe ecological conditions

was conducted in March 2014.

During these visits, team members took photographs and observed existing environmental

conditions. The visits also helped in verifying various pieces of information available in the

secondary sources.

1.4.6 Data Analysis

Impact Identification and Screening:

Based on the information collected through primary and secondary sources, various actions

or activities having potential to cause damage to the environment are listed in Chapter 6.

The aspects were identified for each phase of the project including designing, construction,

and operation phases. Methods described in EPA Guidelines were also referred for

identification and screening of aspects and their impacts.

Impact Prediction and Evaluation:

For evaluation and prediction of various environmental impacts, quantitative and qualitative

descriptions of the anticipated project impacts were made. The identified impacts were

further evaluated for their significance level.

For detailed analysis of environmental impacts, evaluation matrices were developed. In

these matrices each aspect with its significance level in terms of its potential of creating an

impact on surrounding environment is listed.

1.4.7 Development of Mitigation Measures

Based on the significance of the impacts, mitigation measures for each significant negative

impact have been suggested. Approach for suggesting mitigation measure is as follows, in

the descending order of preference:

Avoiding the impact altogether by not taking a certain action or parts of an action;

Minimizing impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of the action and its

implementation;

Rectify the impact by repairing, rehabilitating, or restoring the affected environment;





Reduce or eliminate the impact over time by preservation and maintenance operations

during the life of the action; and

Compensate for the impact by replacing or providing substitute resources or

environments.

A conceptual environmental management plan for smooth and effective implementation of

all recommended mitigation measures was developed and included in the EIA report.

1.4.8 Stakeholder Consultation

Due to the extensive nature of the proposed project, it was imperative to take all the

stakeholders on board, and gather information about their concerns and perceptions at an

early stage of the project cycle. The consulting team conducted internal meetings to identify

and list all important stakeholders and then contacted them for appointments and meetings.

The detail of this process, along with the outcomes of public consultations, is given in

Chapter 5 of this report.

1.4.9 Reporting

The draft EIA report has been prepared under the guidelines issued by the PEPA 1997 and

submitted to the management of proponents for their comments.

This draft report will be finalized after review and comments by the proponents. The

consultants will discuss the comments with the proponents before incorporating them in the

Final Report. Once the comments are incorporated, the final report will be submitted to the

proponent, who would ultimately submit the report to the Balochistan EPA.

The Environmental Impact Assessment report is concise and limited to significant

environmental issues. The main text has been focused on findings, conclusions and

recommended actions. It is supported by summaries of the data collected and citations for

any references used in interpreting those data.

1.5 LIMITATIONS

This EIA document has been prepared by drawing inferences from site visits, primary data

and secondary sources of information. The study has been conducted by the consultants in

a manner consistent with the level of care and skill exercised by members of environmental

engineering and consulting profession. The Consultants have tried to cover all important

aspects and relevant impacts of the proposed project.

The conclusions in this study are based on primary and secondary data, results derived

from earlier studies and a subjective evaluation of the possible environmental aspects

during construction and operations of the project. In evaluating the project, the consulting

team has relied on information provided by the management of design team (TCI) and

Balochistan Irrigation Department. The consultants assume that the information provided is

factual and accurate. Also the consultants accept no responsibility for any deficiency,

misstatement or inaccuracies contained in this report as a result of omission or

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misrepresentation by any person interviewed or contacted. The mitigation measures and

other recommendations put forth in this report are of the level of conceptual design and

implementation framework.

2-1





CHAPTER 2

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

2.1 INTRODUCTION OF PROPOSED PROJECT

As described in Section 1.1, the project under consideration, titled “Porali River Basin

Development Project (PRBDP)”, is part of the larger program Balochistan Small Scale

Irrigation Project.

This study is aimed to prepare Porali River Basin Development Project based on a long-term

vision for the river basin, agreed to by all the major stakeholders. The proposed PRBDP

Project is targeted towards conservation, management and development of water, land and

related resources across sectors in the Porali River Basin to maximize the economic and

social benefits derived from water resources in an equitable manner while preserving and,

where necessary, restoring freshwater ecosystems. The project will contribute to the

economic growth of the villages by reducing the uncertainty of irrigation water availability

and contributing to sustainable self-sufficiency by encouraging farmer participation,

community mobilization, training and capacity building initiatives of key stakeholders and

enabling land users to improve crop production.

At the current level, the design consultants have carried out a detailed study of the natural

resources potential of the Porali River Basin, and its sustainable use. For this purpose:

Data on infrastructure, demography, socio economic condition, institutions and

stakeholders, geology, hydrology, climate, agriculture, irrigation, ground water, livestock

and fisheries in Porali River Basin has been collected.

Hydrological and meteorological data has been analyzed, drought and flood frequency

analyses carried out, and anticipated climate change impacts assessed.

Socio Economic Survey of the whole area was conducted to study Anthropogenic

presence and activities, Natural Resources, Climate, Agriculture, Livestock, Economic/

Development Information and its management, communication and implementation

about development goals.

Feasibility level topographic survey of Porali River, proposed hydraulic structures’

locations and representative survey for command areas of proposed irrigation networks

has been carried out. Detailed topographic survey of one component would be selected

for detailed engineering design under this Feasibility Study (as mentioned below)

Existing water resources use in the Porali River Basin for potable water supply and

sanitation, irrigation and agricultural development has been studied. Opportunities and

threats to Porali River Basin Development are identified.

Porali River Basin Management Plan is prepared, which includes Water Resources

Management and Development Options, Agricultural Development, Flood Management,

Drought Management and Investment Opportunities.





Preliminary design of the proposed development has been made. A preliminary cost

estimate has also been prepared.

Based on the preliminary cost and estimation of expected benefit, Economic Internal

Rate of Return and Financial Rate of Return has been calculated to ascertain the

justification of the Project

Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Documents for any one proposed development

component (hydraulic structure like diversion weir or storage dam and its irrigation

system) would be prepared.

A Feasibility Report has been prepared covering all the activities mentioned above. If the

project is found feasible, the stage of Detailed Design and Construction will be taken up.

2.2 PROJECT NEED & JUSTIFICATION

The following description, as abstracted from the inception report, provides a synopsis of

the problems and issues in the PRB. The existence of these issues necessitates appropriate

interventions for better management and harvesting of the available natural resources, to

alleviate the abject poverty currently found in the human settlements of the area:

Extended Drought and its Impacts:

The PRB and surrounding areas almost alternatively experience severe draughts and sever

flash floods. Following heavy rains and floods in 1995, the area gradually drifted towards

drought. The drought situation worsened in the region in year 2000-2001 as severe water

and food shortage resulted in deaths of dozens of people and thousands of livestock in the

region. Although there were some rains in year 2003 and 2006, the drought conditions

generally persisted till 2007. In year 2007, the drought hit areas were ravaged by rains and

floods which also became further disaster for the region. The floods were so severe that

many people were killed and entire communities became homeless. Due to large scale

deforestation and land degradation, the floods did not bring groundwater stability in the

region.

PRB region depends very heavily on agriculture and livestock. However, no sizable reservoir

is available for water storage and management in the area having a trend of erratic rainfall

and flash floods. The drought has further intensified the deforestation and overgrazing in the

mountainous areas of PRB which multiplies the food shortage problems in the region.

Flash Floods:

Erratic rainfall, coupled with topographical features of PRB where the main plain area is

surrounded by steep slope and mountains, results in flash floods of large volumes causing

devastation and destruction to human lives, properties, irrigation system and agricultural

fields. Most of the perennial schemes in the Porali River Basin do not have permanent intake

and also do not have proper protection bunds and spurs to divert the flood water, so the

flash flood - like in 2010 – cause high damages, which ultimately reduces their command





area. In the downstream of Porali River (Phat-Gidiri trifurcation structure) the width of Porali

River reduces which eventually reduces its capacity and results in flood disaster.

Poor Watershed & Rangeland Management:

The general catchment and watershed areas of PRB have been subjected to land

degradation ranging from slight to severe conditions due to lack of watershed management

measures, overgrazing, cutting and uprooting of trees, shrubs and grasses for fuel and

forages. The situation has been further aggravated by cyclic periods of drought and floods,

most notably the recent severe event during 2001-2007. Poor watershed and rangeland

management has resulted in depleting groundwater in addition to its role in intensifying the

flash flows and food shortage for livestock.

Water Shortage for Domestic Use and Irrigation:

Except few places, the inhabitants of PRB are deprived of safe drinking water. Most farmers

are unable to have access to irrigation water supplies to grow food and other crops on their

lands.

Inefficient Use of Water in Agriculture:

Whatever water is available, it is also being used very inefficiently. No on-farm water

management practice has been observed in the fields. The land leveling condition is so poor

that even when part of field is flooded with water, patches of land without water can be

seen very easily reflecting the uneven field conditions.

Depleting Groundwater Level:

The important income generating activities; irrigated agriculture, horticulture and pastures,

depend mainly on ground water for their water requirements. In the area of Khuzdar and

Lasbela where groundwater development has been carried out and water has been

extracted for the last one decade, it is reported that water level is falling due to its increased

and uncontrolled utilization. It is estimated that the total available ground water potential in

sub-basin is about 102 cusecs and total estimated abstraction is about 112 cusecs. This

indicates an over drawing of about 10 cusecs from the storage. The opportunities for the

recharge to ground water reservoir in arid and semi arid areas are as rare as rain and surface

runoff unless we could save the surface water of Porali River by establishing different

methodologies.

Social and Institutional Aspects:

Poor governance, low institutional capacity, and lack of political will and commitment by the

public sector to address the water crisis in a planned and systematic way are common water

issues in Balochistan. Provincial Government departments lack well-qualified, trained, and

experienced personnel, and existing staff are occupied with the operation and maintenance

of current schemes. Thus, little capacity exists to conduct technical surveys and holistically

plan and design new projects. Moreover, irrigation service delivery is handled in isolation

between the agriculture and irrigation sectors.





At the community level, there is little interaction or information exchange among

communities and the government on the options available to them to increase water

productivity on a long term basis. A sustainable development program cannot be

implemented without full participation of all stakeholders and primarily the local

communities. This aspect does not exist in PRB where the government departments are

working in isolation for operation and maintenance and farmers do not feel any

responsibility for the operation and management of any infrastructure.

2.3 TECHNICAL COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT

Porali River Basin management comprises of five components.

Component A: Investment Component

Component B: Ground water management and development plan

Component C: Institutional and Capacity Building

Component D: Project Management and M&E

Component A is the technical component where physical interventions will take place. This

will have allied works of

Water Source improvement

Water conveyance Improvement

2.3.1 Component – A: Investment Component

A. Perennial Irrigation Schemes

The majority of the Perennial Irrigation Schemes within the project are three ogee weirs

along with the off takes and irrigation channels, as well as one off take schemes at 9

different locations. The project will focus on the improvement and increment of the

existing command area. Distribution of land and water shares on the schemes will

remain the same as existing, thereby providing a highly conductive environment for

community participation activities. Typical civil works on PIS comprises main weir body,

off take structure, conveyance channel, river training and auxiliary structures including

siphons, washing pads and animal drinking points.

Associated community managed watershed improvement, rangeland rehabilitation and

OFWM interventions will be undertaken as an integral part of PIS development. The

option of HEIS will also be considered on PIS.

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·Maps should be provided showing the schemes and location of affected populations.





Table 2.1: Perennial Irrigation scheme specifications

Perennial Irrigation Scheme

Names Type of water

intake Water drawn

(acre-foot) Water Drawn

(m3)

Badri Karez Karez 440 542,731

Naik M Bent River diversion 300 370,044

Khanzeni Bent River diversion 500 616,740

Hassan Mengal Bent River diversion 800 986,784

Saloon Bent River diversion 740 912,775

Bazenjo Bent River diversion 800 986,784

Hinnami Bent River diversion 600 740,088

Peori Bent River diversion 400 493,392

Pepri Bent River diversion 240 296,035

Sathy Bent River diversion 300 370,044

Nimmi Diversion weir 7,197 8,877,356

Nurg Hingri Diversion weir 103,098 127,169,321

Sheb & Medan Diversion weir 4,798 5,918,237

Total: 120,213 148,280,331

i. Nimmi Perennial Irrigation Scheme:

In the scheme area of Nimmi, the Porali River runs in a gorge with the small patches

of agricultural land on both sides. The land on both sides is partly cultivated because

most of the potential areas are high elevated. The settlements along the river

course are also at high risk. The proposed weir at Nimmi will provide a head to water

by which channels on right side of Nimmi.

ii. Gundasha – NurgHingri Perennial Irrigation Scheme:

There is an existing protection bund in the area of Gundasha. A narrow opening

serves as an intake for the irrigation of Gundasha area. The existing structure at

NurgHingri does not fulfill its purpose because located at downstream from the

intake of Gundasha. Secondly, due to the siltation, the existing weir is covered,

resulting improper diversion of water and no head to water as required on site.





A weir is proposed at the upstream of Gundasha with an irrigation channel on right

hand side and a divide wall or protection bund on existing trifurcation structure for

proper flow in the NurgHingri structure.

iii. Sheb & Medan Perennial and Flood Irrigation Scheme:

The area of Sheb is devoid of any proper irrigation system. The local farmers divert

the perennial flow to their lands by locally available means and entirely on

temporary basis. The cultivable land in the area of Sheb& Medan is about 971

hectare but due to absence of proper irrigation structure only 162 hectare land is

under cultivation. The proposed weir will not only divert the water in the required

amount for Sheb and Medan also spill over the excess water to downstream.

iv. Khuzdar Perennial Irrigation Schemes:

In Khuzdar area, Porali River runs in a small gorge covered with mountains. The

people do their agriculture in small patches of land within the river course on both

sides. There is no engineered intake structure for these patches of lands. It is

proposed to provide the proper off take structures at nine different bents. These off

takes will be designed according to the need of potential available land for the

agriculture.

B. Flood Irrigation Schemes

Flood Irrigation is the most common irrigation practice found in the Porali River Basin.

Large land areas are cultivated on flood water every season. The Flood Irrigation

Schemes within the project at Porali River Basin are three ogee weirs along with the off

takes and irrigation channels. The project will focus on the improvement and increment

of the existing command area. Distribution of land and water shares on the schemes will

remain the same existing, providing a highly conductive environment for community

participation activities.

Typical civil works on FIS comprises main weir body, off take structure, conveyance

channel, river training and auxiliary structures including siphons, washing pads and

animal drinking points.


OFWM interventions will be undertaken as an integral part of FIS development. The

option of HEIS will also be considered.





Table 2.2: Flood Irrigation Scheme Details

Flood Irrigation Scheme

Names Type of Weir Water Drawn

(acre-foot) Water Drawn

(m3)

Uthal Khantra

Ogee

16,188 19,967,574

Titian 80,028 98,712,937

Phat Gidri 50,694 62,530,035

Total: 146,910 181,210,547

i. Uthal Khantra Flood Irrigation Scheme:

The existing system of Uthal Khantra Irrigation structure is not functioning due to

the damaged sluice structure and Sholes formed at upstream resulting in

meandering behavior, improper spill over the weir and insufficient flow in existing

off take. The water required for irrigation is getting wasted through silted up and

damaged weir. Presently, there is insufficient water for irrigation even during the

rainy season.

The structure is proposed at about 1km upstream of the existing structure with off

take and sluice, and at its downstream at the location of Kenwari and Salari

proposed a gated bifurcation structure which divides the water between Kenwari

and Salari areas according to their shares. This scheme will facilitate a population of

over 10,000 by improving area water conditions. The command area would also

increase from 2,024 hectare to 4,594 hectare.

ii. Titian Flood Irrigation Scheme:

The existing Titian weir structure is damaged and RHS Lyari off take is completely

washed away with guide bund. Presently, there is no cultivation and water required

for irrigation is getting wasted through broken bund to sea.

There is a proposed new weir structure with two irrigation channels at both ends

named Lyari and Seeran Jheel, The new structure is proposed approx. 1km upstream

of the existing damaged structure. This scheme will have the command area of

about 7,287 hectare and will solve the water scarcity issue in Lyari and Seeran Jheel.

iii. Phat Gidri Flood Irrigation Scheme:

The limitations of existing Phat Gidri scheme is the meandering behavior of river and

improper flow in Phat, Gidri and Lakra channels. This irrigation scheme is totally

dependent on flood, while the requirement is of controlled water. The existing

trifurcation structure was built on diverted river. Due to this, the downstream

population sometimes faces severe flood and damages.





It is proposed that a new structure is built at RD 272+000 (1.5 km upstream of the

existing structure) and the river is trained to get back to its original alignment i.e.,

up to RD 278+000. The off take from the proposed structure will serve as an intake

for the existing phat-gidri structure.

C. Water Storage Dams

Two earthen dams and one concrete arch dam are included in component – C. The

irrigation channels along with the auxiliary structures will also be the part of schemes.

The project will focus on improving and increasing the existing command area.

Distribution of land and water shares on the schemes will remain same providing a

highly conductive environment for community participation.

Typical civil works on dams comprises main dam body, spillway, off take structure,

conveyance channel, river training and auxiliary structures including siphons, washing

pads and animal drinking points.


OFWM interventions will be undertaken as an integral part of dams’ development. The

option of HEIS will also be considered on dams.

Table 2.3: Proposed reservoir locations & capacities

Storage Dams

Names Type of dam

Reservoir Capacity

(acre-foot)

Reservoir Capacity (MCM)

Bambri Earthen 5,846 7.2

Kharrai Earthen 10,130 12

Kud R.C.C 83,199 100

i. Bambri Storage Dam:

The purpose of the dam is to store water for efficient and proficient use, and to

mitigate the effects of flash flood, regulate and control flow to command area

through proper conveyance channels. The existing dam was broken in the flood of

2010. As a result, channels downstream washed away causing severe damages to

the settlement and cultivation.

The dam is damaged in a way that is not repairable. The structure requires totally

new construction with conveyance channels for regular supply of water to the

command area.





ii. Kharrari Storage Dam:

There is a dam left incomplete in construction in the year 1994 by irrigation

department due to the shortage of funds. The existing location has been evaluated

and checked the storage capacity which is not enough for over 5000 hectare

cultivable land.

Therefore the dam site is selected at the upstream of the existing half constructed

dam due to the availability of large impound area.

The storage of water is required at this location for the natives of Uthal Town also

the purpose of dam is to reduce the damages of flash flood and proper distribution

of water in Lunda Dhora(irrigation channel).

iii. Kud Storage Dam:

Kud River is the largest river in the catchment area of Porali River. Due to high

gradient, the erosion rate and downstream damages are severe. As far as

topography is concerned, there is a well practicable and feasible location of the

storage dam. It will be useful for the agriculture, livestock and other uses. The

concrete arch dam is proposed on this river.

2.4 ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS

2.4.1 No Project Alternative

It has been estimated in the feasibility report that about 93% of rainwater available in a

normal year drains into the Arabian Sea as no proper storage and diversion facility is

currently available in the PRB. There is no proper irrigation network existing in PRB. Farmer

use local methods of getting water from Porali River but due to mismanagement they are

facing extreme problems of flash floods and extreme drought conditions. No High efficiency

irrigation such as bubbler and trickle systems are used in water scarce areas.

Currently, groundwater is a major concern in Wadh and Lakhra sub basins where highly

profitable irrigated agriculture is putting at risk the underlying aquifer sustainability. De-

forestation and no proper source of vegetation are there which is considered as natural

measures for recharge enhancement.

2.4.2 Storage dams VS Diversions

Second option for water resource development in PRB is to construct number of medium to

small dams at various locations to store water. In 2005, a study for construction of Porali

dam was initiated by Irrigation and Power department Government of Baluchistan with the

same approach. Although the consultant submitted the inception report but could not

proceed further due to social problems in the area.

Accordingly under this project, feasibility for the construction of this dam along with some

other dams for the development of water reservoir were also considered. However this

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This needs to be a separate chapter.

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What will happen if the no project alternative is pursued? What additional environmental impacts can be envisioned compared to the proposed project.

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use consistent spelling of Baluchistan. The official spelling is Balochistan.

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·2.2 Analysis of alternatives should be a separate more detailed chapter and not just part of chapter 2. The analysis of alternatives should also include all the potential options for every single scheme including no-action alternative. Each option should be analyzed for its comparative environmental and social impacts. The reasons for choosing and rejecting each option should be clearly and in detail described. For instance, section 2.2 simply says now that storage dams were not considered for ‘social reasons’. Such reasons have to spelled out in detail and it should be listed how the option of choice avoids the environmental and social risks. If an environmentally and socially potentially more impactful option is selected, the reasons (greater economic benefits for instance) should be clearly laid out.





option was rejected after the preliminary study which reveals social problems related to

storage dams construction project.

2.4.3 Reservoirs at hig altitude VS close proximity to agricultural lands

The proposed strategy to save Bela from inundation is construction of reservoirs. These

reservoirs can be constructed in the upper region to constrict amount of water flowing

downstream. Reservoir/s in the upper region will have various benefits. Reservoirs will store

excess water coming downstream to stop Bela from getting inundated, eventually

decreasing destruction of crops and settlements. Reservoirs will be used to regulate water

and manually control the flow downstream. As known, level of groundwater is very low in

the upper region since water flows speedily downstream leaving no time for groundwater to

recharge. Constructing reservoirs at suitable places in upper region will recharge

groundwater raising the water table. Reservoir at upper region will also provide sustained

supplies of water to the people dwelling in that region and help control flood. Using DEM,

depression/valley can be identified, suitable enough to store water at upper region. An

outlet can be set to regulate the flow and control water.

Another strategy is to construct reservoir/s right above Bela region where slopes get gentle.

Using DEM, depression can be located or artificially set to store and regulate water flowing

downstream to Bela. This strategy has benefits as the flow coming from upstream will be

due to gravity and the reservoir will be close to cultivated areas, making the irrigation

process accessible and easier. Construction of reservoir at this location will eradicate the

water flooding at Goth Piru, Chigirdi, Loilani, Chibb, Goth chote and several other village. In

the preliminary study, it was identified that irrigation system at Lasbela is of rudimentary

nature making insufficent distribution of water to the fields. Reservoir constructed at this

location will be helpful in efficient distribution of water to the cultivated lands.

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3-1





CHAPTER 3

LEGISLATION, GUIDELINES AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

3.1 GENERAL

This chapter elucidates the current legal framework which is applicable on the proposed

project in context of environment and sustainable development. The institutional

arrangement that exists in Pakistan and may influence the environmental management of

the proposed project is also discussed in this chapter.

3.2 BACKGROUND

The Government of Pakistan realized the importance of environmental preservation way

back in the early 1980’s. Until the 1980’s development policies were formulated irrespective

of environmental considerations. A variety of environment-related acts and ordinances

existed, but the Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance 1983 (PEPO) was the first

effort to deal with environmental concerns systematically. The ordinance created a legal

basis for comprehensive environmental policy making, the establishment and enforcement

of standards, environmental impact assessments and the inclusion of environmental

considerations in development policies2. In 1984, the promulgation of this ordinance was

followed by the establishment of the Pak-EPA, the primary government institution dealing

with environmental issues. The PEPO 1983 was replaced with a new Act of Parliament in

1997 i.e. PEPA Act 1997.

The UN International Summit on Environment was held in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, to highlight

the importance of environment protection and to promote sustainable development.

Pakistan also became a signatory of this summit, after which the Government of Pakistan

developed a National Conservation Strategy (NCS), approved in March 1992. It was decided

that all reports regarding strategies, policies and program for sustainable development will

be drawn up on the basis of the NCS3. Another major environmental policy initiative

formulated in 1999 was Environmental Planning and Resource Conservation Project

(EPRCP)4.

The enactment of PEPA 1997 took up the key issues of PEPO and in addition provided for a

considerable strengthening of institutions at the national and provincial level for the

formulation, execution and enforcement of environmental policies and conferred broad-

based enforcement powers to the EPA5. NEQS for municipal and liquid industrial effluent,

2 “Industrial policy and the Environment in Pakistan”: United Nations industrial development

organization; 3 “A model process to develop a National Agenda”: Pakistan National Conservation Strategy; pg1.

4 “Industrial policy and the Environment in Pakistan”: United Nations industrial development organization; 11 December, 2000; pg.9.

5 “Industrial policy and the Environment in Pakistan”: United Nations industrial development

organization; 11 December, 2000; pg.9





industrial gaseous emissions and motor vehicle exhaust and noise, were issued by Pak-EPA

in 1994.

Pak-EPA review of IEE and EIA Regulations, 2000 and Pakistan Environmental Assessment

Procedures were published, to provide necessary guidelines for preparation, submission and

review of IEE and EIA.

3.3 NATIONAL POLICY ON THE ENVIRONMENT

The National Environment Policy aims to protect, conserve and restore Pakistan’s

environment in order to improve the quality of life of the citizens through sustainable

development. The Policy provides broad guidelines for addressing environmental concerns

and ensuring effective management of their environmental resources. The provincial, AJK,

Northern Areas and local governments, however may devise their own strategies, plans and

programs in pursuit of this Policy.

Enforcement of the policy is being carried out through National Environmental Quality

Standard (NEQS) and Self Monitoring & Reporting Tools (SMART) in order to optimize energy

and environmental resource consumption within the industries; encourage reduction,

recycling and reuse of municipal and industrial solid and liquid wastes; introduce discharge

licensing system for industry; devise and implement master plans for treatment of municipal

and industrial wastewater in urban and rural areas. The policy has not been revised since

2005.

3.4 IWRM POLICY

The Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Policy in Balochistan was approved in

2006 which highlighted the reforms needed for water resources monitoring and planning in

the province. The policy also enforces the adoption of IWRM approach for basin

sustainability.

As per Draft Balochistan Comprehensive Development Strategy 2013 -2020 the water sector

development will be as under:

“For the irrigation water, the strategy is clear that evolving Water Resource Management

System and Institutional Framework will be central to sustainable water use in the province.

The theme is pillared on undertaking river basin wide management of water with greater

focus on the flood irrigation Sailaba and creating water storages on all strategic locations in

the river basins and handling the Sailaba irrigation and dams command area in an integrated

manner. Under the Strategy, GoB will support establishment of Drip Irrigation Manufacturing

Plants in the province under PPP mode for providing either front- end or back- end subsidy to

get a system introduced with full institutional support. There is emphasis that water supply

and sanitation requires a dedicated attention and given the massive gap, it is planned to

undertake integrated water supply and sanitation system in partnership with the local





communities especially women through a community infrastructure program for a minimum

of 5000 settlements“.

3.5 BALUCHISTAN ACQUISITION OF LAND ACT 1974 & (AMENDMENT) ORDINANCE 1976

The primary law for acquisition of land for public purposes in Pakistan is the “Land

Acquisition Act, 1894” (hereinafter referred as the Act). The land acquired under the Act

vests in the Province and it is only thereafter that the Province may transfer it to someone

else.

The Baluchistan Acquisition of Land Act allows the government to acquire private land for

housing or development schemes. Initially, the law specifically mentioned “in rural areas”,

but this was deleted subsequently through the Ordinance in 1976. “Land Acquisition”

literally means acquiring of land for some public purpose by government/government

agency, as authorized by the law, from the individual landowner(s) after paying a

government fixed compensation in lieu of losses incurred by land owner(s) due to

surrendering of his/their land to the concerned government agency. The laws essentially are

developments on the land acquisition act of 1894 which was created with the purpose of

facilitating acquisition by the government of privately held land for public purposes. The

word "public purpose", as defined in the act, refers to the acquisition of land for

constructing educational institutions or schemes such as housing, health or slum clearance,

as well as for projects concerned with rural planning or formation of sites. It is not necessary

that all the acquisition has to be initiated by the government alone. Local

authorities, societies registered under the societies registration act, 1860 and co-operative

societies established under the co-operative societies act can also acquire the land for

developmental activities through the government.

Land acquisition requires interaction between the Requiring Body (RB), which is normally a

government agency that requires the land for certain national development project, and the

Acquiring Body (AB), which is normally the Provincial Revenue Board, since land is a

provincial subject according to the Constitution. The division of responsibility between the

Requiring Body and the Acquiring Body in broad terms is that the Requiring Body provides

the technical input and the Acquiring Body the legal input in the land acquisition process. It

is the Requiring Body which must ensure that the project, for which the acquisition of land is

required, is approved by the authorities and that funds are available. The Requiring Body

must also justify the need for land and other property on the basis of field surveys including

detailed engineering design and prepare all necessary documents required for decision

making.

It is to be noted here that no acquisition of privately held land is envisaged for the Porali

River Project.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_institutions

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_housing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_care

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slum_clearance

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_authorities

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_authorities

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societies

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Societies_Registration_Act

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperative

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperative

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3.6 ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS

The key environmental regulations and legislations which are applicable to the proposed

project are discussed below.

3.6.1 National Regulations

The environmental policy framework, which will govern the

project, is the NCS of Pakistan. The Pakistan NCS is a broad

based policy statement aimed at achieving environmentally

sustainable social and economic development in Pakistan. The

three overriding objectives of the NCS are:

Conservation of natural resources

Sustainable development

Improved efficiency in the use and management of

resources

Three operating principles are identified to achieve these objectives. These are:

Greater public participation in development and environmental management

A merging of environmental and economic decision making

Lasting improvements in the quality of life

The NCS specifies the basic guidelines for an integrated effort aimed at protecting the

environment and the natural resources of the country. This broad framework provides a

comprehensive point of reference for all agencies, departments, private sector companies,

financial institutions, and donor agencies for undertaking systematic efforts to bring about

an effective change for sustainable development6.

3.6.2 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997

The PEPA 1997 is the apex environmental law of the country. Under section 12 of the Act, it

is mandatory for the proponents of the projects7 to execute the IEE and / or EIA (where

6 Qadar S., and Dogar A. R., Pakistan’s Environmental Laws & Their

Compliance, Lahore Law Times Publications, 2002. 7 The Act defines a Project as: “Any activity, plan, scheme, proposal or

understanding involving any change in the environment and includes:

Construction or use of buildings or other works;

Construction or use of roads or other transport systems;

Construction or operation of factories or other installations;

Mineral prospecting, mining, quarrying, stone-crushing, drilling, and the like;

Any change of land use or water use; and

Alteration, expansion, repair, decommissioning or abandonment of existing buildings or other works, roads or other transport systems, factories or other installations.”





warranted), and get the approval from provincial EPA. A copy of PEPA 1997 is attached as

Annexure – 2 of this report.

The following rules and regulations have been issued under the Pakistan Environmental

Protection Act, 1997.

Rules:

National Environmental Quality Standards (Self-monitoring

and Reporting by Industries) Rules, 2001.

Provincial Sustainable Development Fund (Procedure) Rules,

2001.

Pakistan Sustainable Development Fund (Utilization) Rules,

2001.

Pollution Charge for Industry (Calculation and Collection)

Rules, 2001.

Environmental Tribunal Procedures and Qualifications Rules, 2000.

Environmental Samples Rules, 2001.

Hazardous Substance Rules, 2000.

Regulations:

Review of IEE / EIA Regulations, 2000.

National Environmental Quality Standards (Certification of Environmental Laboratories)

Regulations, 2000.

3.6.3 Balochistan Environmental Protection Act, 2012

After the 18th Constitutional amendments the subject of environment vide Notification

No.4-9/2011-Min dated 29th June, 2011 stand devolved to the provinces with effect from

1st July, 2011. Even after the deletion of the subject of environment from the concurrent list

the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 remained intact as per Article 270-AA, Sub

Article (6). However, there is provision that the province through an appropriate legislature /

competent authority may alter, repeal and amend the laws related to the subject.

To regulate and effectively address the peculiar environmental issues of the province of

Balochistan this act namely “Balochistan Environmental Protection Act 2012” is submitted as

per provisions of the Article 270-AA, Sub-Article(6) of 18th Constitutional amendments.

In terms of requirements of EIA / IEE, the provincial Act contains, in its section 15, similar

provisions as given in the PEPA section 12. The PEPA has entrusted the authority of review

and to approve environmental assessments to the provincial EPA. The proposed project falls

under the jurisdiction of the Balochistan Environmental Protection Agency (BEPA). Individual





project component will need to be assessed in the form of either Initial Environmental

Examination, or Environmental Impact Assessment. These IEE / EIA reports will be submitted

to the BEPA for its review and grant of the NOC.

An interesting provision of the provincial Act, which is relevant for the proposed project, is

given in its section 20. Sub-section 2 of Section 20 states that “When preparing water

resource management plans, Departments and other relevant institutions shall at least take

the following into account:

provisions for integrated watershed management;

regulation of sustainable abstraction of groundwater;

regulation of the use of ground or surface water for agricultural, industrial, mining, and

urban purposes;

measures to protect human health and ecosystems;

measures to protect wetlands and their associated ecosystems;

any other provision necessary for the sustainable use and management of water

resources.

3.6.4 Pakistan EPA Review of IEE and EIA Regulations, 2000

Two types of environmental assessments can be carried out i.e. IEE and EIA. EIAs are carried

out for the projects that have a potentially significant environmental impact, and IEEs are

conducted for relatively smaller projects with a relatively lesser significant impacts.

The Review of IEE and EIA Regulations 2000, prepared by Pak-EPA under the powers

conferred upon it by PEPA-97, categorizes projects for IEE and EIA, respectively8. Most of the

proposed interventions under PRBDP are likely to fall under the Category B as defined in

Schedule – I of Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Review of Initial Environmental

Examination and Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2000, attached as

Annexure – 3. According to these guidelines, the proposed project would require an IEE to

be conducted. However, the entire project taken as one entity would require the detailed

EIA to be conducted.

According to the details provided in the regulations regarding preparation, submission, and

review of IEE’s and EIA’s, following is a brief description of the approval process.

a. A project is categorized as requiring an IEE or EIA using the two schedules attached to

the regulations i.e. Schedule I and II attached as (Annexure – 3) at the end of this report.

b. An EIA or IEE is conducted as required and following the Pak-EPA guidelines.

c. The EIA or IEE is submitted to the concerned EPA: provincial EPAs if the project is located

in the provinces or Pak-EPA if it is located in the Federal administered area.

8 “PEPA Review of IEE and EIA Regulations, 2000”, pg-2





d. A non-refundable review fee, depending on the cost of the project and the type of the

report, is submitted along with the document as per the rates shown in Schedule III.

e. The submittal is also accompanied by an application in the format prescribed in Schedule

IV of the regulations.

f. The EPA conducts a preliminary scrutiny and replies within 10 days of the submittal of a

report, (i) confirming completeness, or (ii) asking for additional information, if needed,

or (iii) returning the report requiring additional studies, if necessary.

g. The EPA is required to make every effort to complete the IEE and EIA review process

within 45 and 90 days, respectively, for the issue of confirmation of completeness.

h. When the EPA accord their approval subject to certain conditions:

i. Before commencing construction of the project, the proponent is required to submit an

undertaking accepting the conditions.

j. Before commencing operation of the project, the proponent is required to obtain from

the EPA a written confirmation of compliance with the approval conditions and

requirements of the IEE.

k. An environmental management plan (EMP) is to be submitted with a request for

obtaining confirmation of compliance.

l. The EPA is required to issue confirmation of compliance within 15 days of the receipt of

request and complete documentation.

m. The EIA approval is valid for three years from the date of accord. The proponents are

required to complete the construction and installation within this time period and start

operations. In case of any delays, the proponents are required to obtain extension from

EPA.

3.6.5 Forest Act 1927

The Forest Act, 1927 was largely based on previous Indian Forest Acts implemented under

the British. The first and most famous was the Indian Forest Act of 1878. Both the 1878 act

and the 1927 one sought to consolidate and reserve the areas having forest cover, or

significant wildlife, to regulate movement and transit of forest produce, and duty leviable

on timber and other forest produce. It also defines the procedure to be followed for

declaring an area to be a Reserved Forest, a Protected Forest or a Village Forest.

This Act will be relevant in case any of the proposed intervention is located on a land

previously prescribed as Forest Land by the Government of Balochistan. In such cases, land

acquisition will be governed under this Act, and the provincial department responsible for

execution of PRBDP project, will need to negotiate with the provincial Forest Department.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Forest_Acts,_1865_and_1878

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_produce

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timber





3.6.6 The Antiquities Act, 1975

This act basically defines how to repeal and re-enact the law relating to the preservation and

protection of antiquities. The Federal Government may, by notification in the official

Gazette, declare any antiquity to be a protected antiquity for the purposes of this Act. No

person shall put any neon signs or other kinds of advertisement, including bill posting,

commercial signs, poles or pylons, electricity or telephone cables and television aerials, on or

near any protected immovable antiquity. No person shall, for any commercial purpose, make

a cinematograph film of any protected antiquity or any part thereof except under, and in

accordance with, a license granted by the Director. A contravention of any provision of this

Act or the rules shall, where no punishment has been specification provided, be punishable

with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which

may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.

3.6.7 Pakistan Penal Code 1860

The Pakistan Penal Code usually called PPC is a penal code for all offences charged

in Pakistan. It was originally prepared on the behalf of the Government of British India. After

the partition of India in 1947, Pakistan inherited the same code and subsequently after

several amendments by different governments, in it Pakistan it is now a mixture of Islamic

and English Law. Presently, the Pakistan Penal Code is still in effect and can be amended by

the Senate of Pakistan.

3.6.8 The Balochistan Wildlife Protection (Amendment) Ordinance, 2001

The Wildlife Protection Ordinance empowers the government to declare certain areas

reserved for the protection of wildlife and control activities within these areas. It also

provides protection to endangered species of wildlife. As no activities are planned in

declared protected areas, no provision of this law is applicable to the proposed project.

3.6.9 Baluchistan Goats (Restriction) Ordinance 1959

This law may come into play, if any of the proposed intervention falls in any informal grazing

pasture, as livestock rearing is an important occupation in the project area. The ordinance

empowers the Government to restrict movement and / or grazing etc of livestock in certain

areas.

3.6.10 Baluchistan Ground Water Rights Administration Ordinance 1978

This law was promulgated to ensure efficient and site specific management of scarce water

resources in Balochistan. The background to the law suggests admission that hydrological

conditions in the entire Balochistan vary a great deal from place to place. Hence this

Ordinance requires establishment of a Provincial Water Board and District level Water

Committees. The Provincial Water Board shall have representation from the Planning &

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_India

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_India

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan





Development Department, Revenue Department, and Irrigation Department etc., thereby

clearly identifying major stakeholders. The Ordinance also calls for registration of all water

sources, and establishes protocols for grant of permits by water committees for use of such

sources. The statement of objectives for the Ordinance stipulates that the Provincial Water

Board shall identify areas with ground water resources and declare them as Designated

Ground Water Basins. It also calls for establishment of suitable laws for all designated

ground water basins.

3.6.11 The Canal and Drainage Act, 1873

This is an act to regulate Irrigation, navigation and drainage. The Provincial Government is

entitled to use and control for public purposes the water of all rivers and streams flowing in

natural channels, and of all lakes, sub-soil water and other natural collections of still water.

3.7 INSTITUTIONAL SETUP FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

The structural setup of agencies/departments in the environmental sector is such that the

Provincial Ministry of Environment governs and regulates environment-related work at the

government level. The BEPA works directly under the control of ministry.

3.7.1 Provincial Environmental Protection Council (Provincial EPC) and the Baluchistan

Environmental Protection Agency (BEPA)

After devolution of the subject environment to provincial level under 18th amendment,

these two organizations are primarily responsible for administering the provisions of the

Balochistan Environmental Protection Act 2012. The EPC oversees the functioning of the

BEPA. Its members include the representatives of the government, industry, non-

governmental organizations and the private sector. The EPA is required to ensure

compliance with the NEQS, establish monitoring and evaluation systems, and both identify

the need to, as well as initiate legislation whenever necessary. It is thus the primary

implementing agency in the hierarchy. One of the functions of the provincial EPA is the

review and approval of environmental assessment reports.

3.8 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES

3.8.1 Description

To ensure the social and environmental sustainability of the projects, the World Bank

developed its Safeguard Policies, divided in environment, social, and legal areas. Likewise,

the World Bank has a Public Disclosure Policy that is of cross-character and applies in all the

Safeguards Policies.

The Safeguard Policies pursue three objectives:

I. Ensuring that environmental and social issues are evaluated in the preparation and

decision-making process;





II. Reducing and mitigating the environmental and social risks of Bank-financed programs

or projects ; and

III. Providing mechanisms for consultation and information disclosure.

The PRBDP project will need to comply with all the Safeguard Policies in the subproject or

activities, irrespective of whether or not they are being funded in whole or in part by the

World Bank, the GoP, or any other donor. A complete description of the World Bank’s

safeguards and their triggers can be found on the Bank’s official Web site,

www.worldbank.org. The Safeguard Policies can be used as part of the environmental and

social management process presented in Chapter 6 and 7 of this report.

3.8.2 Safeguard Polices Relevant to PRBDP

The environmental and social Safeguard Polices that are potentially relevant for the PRBDP

project are:

OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment

OP/BP 4.04 Natural Habitats

OP/BP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources

OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement

OP/BP 4.37 Safety of Dams

Table 3.1 presents the common settings in which the safeguards are triggered and generic

directions to comply with them.

Table 3.1: Social and Environmental Safeguards Relevant for PRBDP

Safeguard Policy Trigger settings and requests

Environmental

Assessment

This safeguard is typically triggered in projects where the work will

affect, temporary or permanently, the natural environment and/or

society, through direct, indirect, or cumulative impacts. The project

will develop the environmental and social studies (EIA, Environmental

and Social Management Plan [ESMP], and others) required by national

law and the Bank’s guidelines to ensure the social and environmental

sustainability of the project and to obtain the respective

environmental permissions.

Natural Habitats This safeguard is most likely triggered for projects located in a

protected area or in a critical area from an environmental perspective.

Depending on the potential negative impacts to the natural habitats

(flora and fauna), these projects will require special studies to protect

or preserve the species identified at risk of being affected. If a project

http://www.worldbank.org/

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·Section 3.7.2. Please list all the safeguards policies and not just the ones triggered. Give a one liner description for each policy and describe why the ones not triggered are not triggered.






can cause irreversible damages, it will be excluded from financing.

Involuntary

Resettlement

This safeguard is triggered when projects require the relocation of

people or compensation is required because of project impacts on

livelihoods or natural resources. The affectation could be minimal or

substantial depending on whether houses or productive lands (legal or

illegal) are impacted. These cases require a Resettlement Action Plan

(RAP) developed in accordance with the Bank’s guidelines.

Cultural

Properties

This safeguard might be triggered during projects constructed in zones

of recognized archaeological/cultural/physical potential.

Investigations, Rescue, and the Chance Finds Procedures Plan are the

most common instruments required.

Safety of Dams This safeguard is relevant for projects involving small dams (mini-or

micro– hydroelectric power), normally less than 15 meters in height

(OP/BP 4.37). For small dams, generic dam safety measures designed

by qualified engineers are usually adequate. For large dams, the Bank

requires:

Reviews of the investigation, design, and construction of the dam

and the start of operations by an independent panel of experts;

Preparation and implementation of detailed plans: a plan for

construction supervision and quality assurance, an

instrumentation plan, an operation and maintenance plan, and an

emergency preparedness plan;

Prequalification of bidders during procurement and bid tendering;

and Periodic safety inspections after completion.

For subprojects that involve the use of existing dams or those under

construction, the Bank requires that the subproject sponsors arrange

for one or more independent dam specialists to:

inspect and evaluate the safety status of the existing dams or their

appurtenances and performance history;

review and evaluate the owner’s operation and maintenance






procedures;

and provide a written report of findings and recommendations for any

remedial work or safety-related measures necessary to upgrade the

existing dams to an acceptable standard of safety in the Dam Safety

Measures Report [DSMR].

In accordance with the Bank’s Public Disclosure Policy, generally a Communication and

Disclosure Program is required to present all the environmental and social documents

developed for the subprojects (EIAs, ESMPs, RAPs, or others) as part of the participation and

consultation process.

4-1





CHAPTER 4

PROJECT AREA

4.1 Description

Spatial project boundary is defined as the specific site area that includes the areas of

construction and operation and the zones of influence around the project site i.e. physical,

biological and socioeconomic. It specifically includes the construction area and the land

adjacent to it. The adjacent land includes any area that is directly disturbed by the

construction and operational activities of the project. The project boundary may vary for

different major areas covered under physical, biological and socioeconomic environment

depending upon the areas of influence. This chapter describes the environmental setting of

the proposed interventions.

The data presented in the following sections has been collected from both secondary and

primary sources. For secondary data acquisition, the project team contacted the relevant

departments and gathered the required information. Primary data was collected during

reconnaissance surveys and detailed visits. The secondary data was also verified and visual

observations were made during these visits. The field visits were made in the months of

May, June and October 2013, and March 2014.

4.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

This section describes the physical environment of the proposed project corridor. The

emphasis is given on geology, topography, soil conditions, climate, surface and ground water

resources and seismology of the project area.

4.2.1 Location and Surroundings

Porali River is one of the four rivers of Balochistan falling into Arabian Sea. The 328 kilometer

long river originates from the hills of Wadh mountain range in the district of Khuzdar and

runs through the plains of Lasbela District. At the southern end, it passes through Miani Hor

wetland before entering into Arabian Sea at Sonmiani Bay at about 90 km distance from

Karachi City. Miani Hor wetland is a swampy lagoon lying on the coast covering an area of

7,471 hectares designated as Ramsar Wetland site in May 2001 under Ramsar Convention.

The latitude and longitude of the Porali River Basin is 26° 32' 0.20", 66° 25' 6.55"

respectively. The total length of Porali river is about 328 km. The total project area of Porali

River Basin is about 11,616 sq.km. The Figure 4.1 depicts sub-basin wise area of the Porali

river basin

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·A section should be included commenting on the general environmental trends in the area, the general environmental, biodiversity and climatic issues in the area irrespective of project activity.





Figure 4.1: Depicts Sub-basin Wise Area of the Porali River Basin

Neighboring regions are Khuzdar to the north, Arabian Sea to the south, Dadu to the East,

Punjgor to the West. Wad, Bela, Uthal and Winder are the major cities within the catchment

boundary of Porali River.

The Project area is spread in three districts of Balochistan as following:

Khuzdar District 6,167 km2 53.1 %

Lasbela District 4,813 km2 41.4 %

Awaran District 637 km2 5.5 %

Almost half of the Porali River Basin falls within the district of Lasbela. The total area of the

district is 12,574 km2 out of which about 39% area is in the Porali River Basin.

Other half of the Porali River Basin falls in Khuzdar District and a small area in Awaran

District. Total geographical area of Khuzdar District is 43,260 km2 out of which about 11%

land is within the boundaries of Porali River Basin. Figure 4.2 presents the location Map of

the Project Site.





4.2.2 Geology

The geology of the area is represented by different geological formations. The rocks consist

of mainly sand stones, shale and conglomerates of various ages. Aeolian deposits can be

seen in the south east and river deposits in the North West.

From its entrance into Lasbela district, the Porali River runs over a stony course and has low

banks as far as Mangia, where it passes through clay soil. In the south, alluvial plain extends

to the bay of Sonmiani and the hilly regions situated east and west of this plain. The plain

itself consists of alluvium deposits of Porali and its tributaries. At the edge of the plain,

around the margins of the adjoining hilly regions and near the coast, lie raised sea-beaches,

situated some 15 to 25 meters above sea level. The east of the alluvial plain exhibits the

greatest variety of rocks forming the Anticlinal Ranges, which are separated by valleys. The

whole of the eastern part of the Porali River Basin is mountainous. The plain in the center,

comprising the greater portion of the Porali River Basin, is triangular shaped.

Wadh-Khuzdar region is relatively high relief consists of high hills, and this feature continues

up to Bela region parallel to RCD high way, where high hill along the Porali River terminates.

The Porali River then widens and due to heavy flood during monsoon rainfall erosion occurs

along the river bank. The Porali River flowing downstream of Bela region then turns to

relatively low relief up to the Arabian Sea.

The east of the Porali river basin specially in Kharrari Nai sub basin exhibits the greatest

variety of rocks forming the Anticlinal Ranges, which are separated by valleys.

Figure 4.2: Location and Surrounding of Study Area

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The hilly region is situated on the west of the Porali river basin and extends along the

Makran coast. The whole of the eastern part of the district is mountainous. The principal hill

ranges are on the western slopes of the Kirthar mountains, as far as the north of LakPhusi.

The other side includes the main ridge of the Pub range with parts of the Khude or Khudo

and part of the Pub range. The third side comprises the lower slopes of the Mekran coast.

Overall surface flows follow the north-south path with some local changes.

4.2.3 Tectonic Activity

Porali river basin has been divided into four major tectonic zones that are as follows;

Figure 4.3: Study Area depicted on the Geological Map of Pakistan





Table 4.1: Major Tectonic Zones

Zones Percentage

Chaman-Ornach Nai Fault Flysch Zone 1.47%

Bela Ophiote Belt 71.92%

Porali Trough 19.59%

Kand Range Fold Belt 6.66%

Tectonic map of Porali river basin is shown as Figure 4.4.

rea

4.2.4 Soil

Various types of soil in the area are known as matt, karkats, rikpoad, halli and sarah. Of

these matt is the best and richest, consisting of silt washed down from the hills. It is of a

clayey nature. Karkat is considered second best. It is

harder, cracks when dry and requires breaking up after

ploughing, but needs less water than matt. Both matt

and karkat are suitable for spring crops and are found in

Surab, Gidar, Pandran, parts of Baghwana, Tutak, Nal,

Kalo, Karkh, Korask and Jan. Rikpad is a light sandy soil

found only in Wad. Wheat, barley and jawar grow well

on it, but the crops are considered inferior to those

grown on matt or karkat. It is well suited for melons,

onions and vegetables in general. Halli is a gravely soil,

found in the irrigated areas of Surab and Khuzdar on the

Figure 4.4: Tectonic Map of the area

Figure 4.5: Types of Soil of the Area





skirts of the hills and along the banks of the rivers. It is suitable for vegetables, but the crops

grown on it are thin and require great care. Sorah or salt land is the poorest soil of all and is

found in large tracts at Hisar, Zehri, Gidar, Nondrav valley and between Mir-na-Shaher and

Bajoi in Baghwana.

4.2.5 Ambient Air Quality

The proposed project route is located in an area where no major pollutants are released into

the atmosphere as a result of anthropogenic activity; the population density is low and the

people are living almost in a primitive way. The only possible source of air pollutants could

be the limited vehicular movements within the study area.

4.2.6 Ambient Noise

The study area is a quiet and calm place; the ambient noise level lies within the range of

permissible limits as prescribed in National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) of

Pakistan. The only source of noise is the movement of traffic that is frequent but erratic. The

Consultants took a snapshot of noise while there was traffic movement; the results of

monitoring are shown in Table 4.2. However, this is not the usual noise level in the area, and

depicts only the rarely occurring worst case scenario.

Table 4.2: Ambient Noise

Sampling Point

Sampling Location Noise level dB

(A)

Noise Limit / NEQS for Day

Time

1 Kharrari Delay Action Dam 53-54

55* dB(A)

2 Along the Road Side 70

* This value of NEQS has been effective after July 2012, the previous Limit was 65dB(A)

4.2.7 Meteorology

Porali River watershed lies in the southern part of the province of Baluchistan that has hot,

dry tropical climate with the temperature during summer rising up to 38˚C, and varying from

3˚C to 17˚C during winter months.

The climatic data are measured at various stations in and around this watershed. The

climatic parameters include temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, sunshine hours,

wind speed etc.

Porali River basin does not encounter snow. However, it rains sufficiently in the months of

July and August (monsoon season). The mean annual rainfall is 165.5 mm with mean annual

evapotranspiration at 5.6 mm/day. The average annual humidity is 37.5% as observed at

Bela station.

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Table 4.3 indicates the average monthly values which were obtained from the preliminary

analysis at Bela station for various parameters.

Table 4.3: Climatic Data of Bela Station

Month Relative

Humidity (%)

Wind Speed

(m/s)

Sunshine

(hours)

Evapotranspiration

(mm/day)

January 35 1.068 9.1 2.9

February 31 1.368 9.2 3.8

March 31 1.488 9.2 4.9

April 31 2.508 9.8 7.5

May 37 3.108 9 8.7

June 42 3.108 8 8.5

July 52 2.652 6.8 6.9

August 52 2.712 7.5 6.7

September 46 2.532 8.7 6.7

October 29 1.188 9.6 4.8

November 30 0.672 9.6 3.1

December 34 0.768 8.9 2.6

Average 37.5 1.931 8.8 5.6

The feasibility study analyses in detail the climatic conditions of the area. After scientific

analysis, the study concludes that climate change is observed in all parts of the Porali basin.

However, the results vary in different regions of the watershed. In the lower region (Bela

and Uthal), there is decrease in monthly and annual precipitation, whereas precipitation has

increased at Wadh. Annual variables (maximum, minimum and average) for all stations show

increase with 0.6°C, 0.5°C and 0.7°C in Bela, Uthal and Wadh, respectively. This concludes

that climate change of Porali watershed is local, and does not follow the global behaviour.

The proposed interventions will have no significant effect due to climate change. The

conclusion drawn for this study is based on 28 years, 25 years, and 21 years of temperature

data for Bela, Uthal and Wadh, respectively. In addition, 99 years, 74 years, and 51 years of

precipitation data for Bela, Wadh and Uthal, respectively.

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4.2.8 Ground Water

Hydrological Year Book published yearly by Irrigation & Power Department, Government of

Balochistan have recorded daily data for water level and discharge of Porali River at Sinchi

Bent and Kud River from year 2000-2009. Tube-well data till 2012 from Irrigation & Power

Department of Balochistan shows that the average depth of tube wells and dug wells ranges

from 10 m to 200 m depending on the water table of the area.

The important income generating activities - irrigated cropping, horticulture and pastoralism

– depend mainly on groundwater for their water requirement. The domestic water

requirement is also largely met by ground water exploitation. Agriculture is the major end

user of fresh water. The main source of irrigation is flood water and rain, besides ground

water. In District Lasbela, 59% of irrigation is done by tube-well which means use of ground

water is more than flood water. According to local people, ground water table of the area is

depleting rapidly due to excessive use of ground water in the area for agriculture.

Data of water table has been collected by socio-economic survey. Following is the

summarized result.

Table 4.4: Ground Water Depth in the Area

S.

No Village/Settlement Tehsil

Ground water

Depth (ft)

1 Kohan Village

Bela

N/A

2 Abdur Rehman Nimi Goth N/A

3 Jani Village 40

4 Sordeer Bizinja Goth 90

5 Kannar 25

6 Kundi 100

7 Kishari 30

8 Juman Bhit N/A

9 Akri 40

10 Gajri Village 70

11 Seayan Goth 350





S.


Ground water

Depth (ft)

12 Soonari N/A

13 Bara Bagh 120

14 Lungra Village 30

15 Gundacha Jagir 600

16 Jamali Goth 550

17 Abdul Wahid (Moza North Kanraj)

Kanraj

N/A

18 Karan Khan Gorgeja 20

19 Muhammad Umar Jamot Goth 25

20 Abdul Karim Jamot Goth 20

21 Raza Muhaamad Goth 25

22 Soomar Goth

Uthal

N/A

23 Haji Mir Muhammad Goth 300

24 Haji Muhammad Ibrahim Jamot Goth 70

25 Kheer Golae 150

26 Muhammad Yaqoob Gonga Piprani Goth 40

27 Khareri 30

28 Faqir Goth 250

29 Bashwani Goth 350

30 Jamot Colony (Moza Marri No 1) 250

31 Tori Moza 200

32 Pir Goth 350





S.


Ground water

Depth (ft)

33 Muka Goth 200

34 Kandyaro Goth 180

35 Angario Goth N/A

36 Khantra 380

37 Sheikh Mitha Khan Goth 400

38 Molvi M. Hassan Goth 200

39 Khan M. Goth 80

40 Soomar Goth

Lakhra

100

41 Khakhacho 120

42 Orki 600

43 Gajro Pat

Sonmiani

N/A

44 Damb 600

45 Liari Lairi N/A

Source: Field Survey

4.2.9 Water Quality

Four Samples of ground and surface water of the project area were taken during the field

survey. The results are given in the following:

Table 4.5: Current Water Quality

Parameter Unit Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Control

Limits

Location - Thana Karez Angario

Village

Kharreri

Dam Patokha

Type - Ground Ground Fresh

Fresh Water

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Parameter Unit Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Control

Limits

water Water Water

Conductivity us/cm 940 6,600 1,250 1,680 -

Total

Hardness mg/L 330 910 335 435 <500

TDS mg/L 600 4,220 790 1,060 <1000

TSS mg/L 12 Nil Nil Nil 200

Sodium mg/L 58 1,200 120 200 -

Calcium mg/L 86 135 84 100 -

Magnesium mg/L 28 140 30 45 -

Potassium mg/L 3.42 9.3 8.58 7.66 -

Chloride mg/L 72 1910 170 390 1000

Arsenic mg/L Nil Nil Nil Nil 1

Bicarbonate mg/L 270 495 220 170 -

Flouride mg/L 0.07 0.12 0.06 0.09 10

Total

Bacteria

Count/mL 76 145 68 195 500

Total

Coliform

Count/mL Nil Nil Nil Nil 0

Feacal Ecoli Count/mL Nil Nil Nil Nil 0

Source: PRD Laboratory Report 876/2013-14

4.3 BIOLOGICAL AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

A range of natural resources including water, agriculture, forests (both terrestrial and

mangrove), livestock and rangelands, wetlands and fisheries exist in the Porali River Basin.

The natural resources suffer from lack of land use planning and over-exploitation, resulting

in degradation, affecting the subsistence and livelihoods of the local people. The poor





management of flood flows has resulted in very little use for agricultural purpose and results

in damages to land, properties and human lives also. A lack of understanding, concern and

investment for sustainability is also prevalent. The recent trend of pumping out water for

cultivation of banana, other fruit orchards and vegetables is resulting in the rapid depletion

of ground water. While vast tracts of cultivable plain lands exist, water for irrigation is a key

constraint in the expansion and development of agriculture. In fact there is great potential

for sustainable water and agricultural development in Porali River Basin.

4.3.1 Flora

Four phytogeographical regions

have been recognized in Pakistan,

which help to explain the richness

of its flora. Balochistan occupies a

greater part of Saharo-Sindian

region and lesser contribution in

Irano- Turanian category. The

composition of, the Irano-

Turanian element is the most

common (46%), followed by the

Sino-Japanese (10%), Saharo-

Sindian (9.5%) and Indian (4.5%)

elements (Ali & Qaiser, 1986).

The vegetation of porali basin is

Saharo- Sindian type. The region

is recognized by the presence hot

deserts, semi deserts and

savanna. Overall species diversity

is generally low but better in the

relatively moist, deeply incised

mountain valleys and northern

slopes of mountains and higher

altitudes. The total number of

plant species so far listed in

nearby HNP is about 150. Several endemic species and species with limited distribution

belong to the genera Tamarix and Heliotropium.

Figure 4.6: Geographical Regions of the Area

Figure 4.7: Vegetation of Porali Basin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_desert

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_desert

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semidesert

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savanna





Table 4.6: Cumulative Floristic list of Porali Basin

S.

No. Taxon Family Life form

Vernacular

name

1 Acacia nilotica Fabaceae Tree Babbur

2 Acacia jacquemontii Fabaceae Shrub Babbur

3 Acacia sengal Fabaceae Shrub Babbur

4 Prosopis cineraria Fabaceae Tree Kandi

5 Prosopis glandulosa Fabaceae Shrub Kandi

6 Prosopis juliflora Fabaceae Shrub Devi

7 Tamarix sultanii Tamaricaceae Shrub Kirri

8 Zizyphus nummularia Rhamnaceae Shrub Ber

9 Aerva javanica Amarantheaceae Shrub Gujo

10 Aerva psudotomentosa Amarantheaceae Shrub Gujo

11 Capparis aphylla Capparidiaceae Shrub

12 Capparis deciduas Capparidiaceae Shrub

13 Arthrocnemum indicum Chenopodiaceae Shrub

14 Haloxylon recurvum Chenopodiaceae Shrub

15 Suaeda fruiticosa Chenopodiaceae Shrub

16 Suaeda ferinosa Chenopodiaceae Shrub

17 Grewia domaine Malvaceae Shrub

18 Alhaji camelerum Fabaceae Shrub

19 Alhaji marorum Fabaceae Shrub

20 Salvadora oleoides Salvadoraceae Shrub

21 Salvadora persica Salvadoraceae Shrub





S.


Vernacular

name

22 Heliotropium sp Boragenaceae Shrub Merin

23 Calligonum polygonoides Polygonaceae Shrub

24 Rhazya stricta, Apocynaceae Shrub

25 Euphorbia caducifolia Euphorbiaceae Shrub

26 Commiphora mukal Burseraceae Shrub Gugul

27 Inula montaine Asteraceae Herb Kulumurak

28 Inula grantoides Asteraceae Herb Kulumurak

29 Grewia tenex Malvaceae Shrub Chill

30 Phoenix dyctylefera Palmea Tree Khajoor

31 Leptadenia sp Apocynaceae

32 Lasiurus sp

33 Cymbopogon sp Poaceae Grass

34 Panicum sp Poaceae Grass

35 Cenchrus sp Poaceae Grass

36 Aristida sp Poaceae Grass Nadak

37 Chrysopogon sp Poaceae Grass

38 Sericostoma pauciflorum Boraginaceae Herb

39 Caragana polyacantha Fabaceae Shrub

40 Convolvulus spinosus Convulvolaceae Twiner

41 Fagonia Arabica Zygophyllaceae Shrub

42 Acacia rupestris Fabaceae Shrub





S.


Vernacular

name

43 Astragalus sp Fabaceae

44 Salsola sp Chenopodiaceae Shrub

45 Nannorrhops ritchieana Arecaceae Shrub Mazri Palm

The terrestrial vegetation of Lasbela District mainly comprising of Porali basin is scanty and

consists of xerophytes including the thorny Euphorbia caducifolia, Caragana polyacantha, and

Convolvulus spinosus. Seasonal rivers, streams, and gorges as in the mountain areas of Hingol

National Park, and small valleys, such as Bilawal in the Pub mountains have patches of

vegetation including tree species. Their lifeline is rainwater or water springs. Fagonia arabica,

Acacia rupestris, Astragalus sp., Capparis aphylla, bushy and leafy Salsola spp., the stiff leaved

fan palm or mazri palm, and the rigid Tamarix spp. (kirri) also grow naturally in the district.

Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora), an exotic species that is bushy in shape, has spread over large

areas in the south-eastern parts of the district. These plants are exceptions in the prevailing

barren landscape.

4.3.2 Fauna

There is no specific study on the

composition of fauna in Porali basin, the

faunistic assessment often referred to the

information documented in the

Management Plan of Hingol National Park

situated relatively at closer location and

with similar physiographic features. The

exact expected assessment is likely far

less in the basin area obviously due to

intense routine human activities in the surroundings. About 30 mammal species were

reported from HNP, indicating that the park has a relatively high diversity of species given

its desert environment. However, the population of a number of species is critically low

including Wolf, Leopard, Hyena, and possibly Caracal and Honey Badger. The populations of

Chinkara are also vulnerable, and there has been no recent sighting of the Desert Wolf in

the park. The status of Urial, Chinkara, Desert Wolf, Leopard, Caracal, Hyena, Wild Boar, and

Honey Badger were suggested to be studied in more detail for having a realistic picture.

Based on information gathered a cumulative list of fauna has been prepared and listed

below.





Table 4.7: Cumulative list of Fauna near Porali Basin

S.

No. Taxon Common name Life form

Conservation

status

1 Gazella bennettii Chinkara Mammals Key Species of

HNP

2 Capra aegagrus Sindh Wild Goat Mammals Key Species of

HNP

3 Ovis orientalis

blanfordi

Urial Mammals Key Species of

HNP

4 Panthera pardus Common Leopard Mammals Occasional

5 Felis chaus Jungle Cat Mammals Occasional

6 Felis libyca Desert Cat Mammals Occasional

7 Hyaena hyaena Striped Hyaena Mammals Occasional

8 Vulpes vulpes Desert Fox Mammals Occasional

9 Canis aureus Asiatic Jackal Mammals Occasional

10 Canis lupus Wolf Mammals Occasional

11 Manis crassicaudata Pangolin Mammals Occasional

12 Chlamydotis undulata Houbara Bustard Bird

13 Pelecanus philippinus Spotted-billed Pelican Bird

14 Pelecanus crispus Dalmatian Pelican Bird

15 Ammoperdix

griseogularis

See-see Partridge Bird

16 Ardea goliath Giant Heron Bird

17 Dupetor flavicollis Black Bittern Bird

18 Gyps fulvus White-backed Vulture Bird





S.

No. Taxon Common name Life form

Conservation

status

19 Aquila heliacal Imperial Eagle Bird

20 Falco peregrines Peregrine Falcon Bird

21 Pterocles coronatus Crowned Sandgrouse Bird

22 Falco naumanii Lesser Kestrel Bird

23 Falco concolor Sooty Falcon Bird

24 Pterocles lichtensteini Close-barred/

Lichtenstein

Sandgrouse

Bird

25 Francolinus

pondicerianus

Grey Partridge Bird

26 Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew/Stone

Plover

Bird

27 Pseudibis papillosa Black Ibis Bird

28 Corvus ruficollis Brown-necked Raven Bird

29 Crocodylus palustris Marsh crocodile Reptile

30 Stenodactylus

orientalis

Sindh Sand Gecko Reptile Common

31 Rana cyanophlyctis Skittering Frog Amphibian

32 Bufo stomaticus Indus Toad Amphibian

33 Tor putitora Mahaseer Pieces

34 Scaphiadon irregularis Botchee Pieces





4.3.3 Ecosystem Sensitivities

Based on physiographic features and the

hydrological regime, the area of Porali

River basin is broadly divided into Four (4)

major ecological zone.

1. Miani Hor (Near Ocean)

(Mangrove Forest)

2. Southern Zone

(Liari, Uthal and Lakhra Tehsils)

3. Central Zone

(Kanrach and Bela Tehsils)

4. Northern Eastern Zone

(Wadh and Khuzdar Tehsils)

4.3.4 Miani Hor

The mangrove ecosystem under consideration in this study is situated in MianiHor, a lagoon

situated approximately 95 km west of Karachi in Sonmiani Tehsil, Balochistan. There are

three villages in the area namely Sonmiani, Bheera and Damb. This tidal lagoon is about 50

km long and 20 km wide and its total area is 363 km2. The Porali River and its distributaries

drain into it. The lagoon changes greatly between high and low tides and typically the area

comprises of narrow twisting channels, with steep mud banks visible at low tide surrounded

by numerous flat islets of mud covered with mangrove trees. Aviciennia marina (local name

timmer), Rhizophorasmucronata (Kumri) and Ceriopstagal (Kain) are three common varieties

of mangroves present in the Miani lagoon. On this map dense mangroves are shown in

magenta, normal mangroves in green and sparse vegetation in orange color. The mangrove

area is estimated to be 3431.36 ha (representing 42 percent of the total cover in

Balochistan) out of which only 294.33 ha has been declared a Protected Forest and

transferred to Balochistan Forest Department in 1958. The rest of the mangroves are under

the jurisdiction of the Board of Revenue, Government of Balochistan (GoB).

Figure 4.8: Ecological Zone





Figure 4.9: Distribution of mangroves in Miani Hor. SPOT 2003

The outfall of Porali usually brings marginal alluvium which contains significant amount of

salt as a washout of the neighboring areas. The soils are deep to moderately deep and

poorly drained, strong saline. The sub-soils ranges in color from Brown / dark brown to Dark

yellowish Brown. The pH of the soils ranges from 8.2 to 8.4. The estuary plains cover about

one third of the area under observation of this zone. The surface features dominates by the

sand dune shifts ; affecting the mangrove vegetation, this eoline deposition is mainly due to

high wind blow in the area, which is the characteristic feature of maritime desert climate.

The Porali River drains into the lagoon in the West. Flash floods are quite normal and even

moderate to slight rains heavily erodes the uncovered hill side and muddy banks.

Biodiversity of the zone:

The Hor is separated from Sonmiani Bay by a peninsula of Sand dunes. Two species of

Mangroves Aviciennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata can be seen around the eastern

side of lagoon. The first one is predominant as it occupies a larger area. Third species

Ceriops tagal has been sparsely scattered around the Site. In addition to the mangrove

growth, there are other types of vegetation, particularly grasses and shurbs along the beach

area prominent shurbs include Salsola barysoma, Abutilon indicum, Sericostoma

pauciflorum, Cressa cretica and Heliotropium undulatum Sparse growth of Tamarix spp.

Acacia senegal. A nilotica, Polycarpa carymbosa, Artiplex griffithi can be found inside the

coast line in Sand sheltered areas fed by seasonal rain water and run off. This area has been

identified with the reference of mangroves particularly Aviciennia marina, Rhizophora

mucronata and Ceriops tagal. This site is represented by three species of Mangroves as

mentioned above, growing naturally.





The mangrove forest offers staging and winter area for migratory shore birds, flamingos and

pelicans. In addition, large flocks of little ringed plovers, sander lings, curlew, sand pipers

Caspian terms, herring galls, lesser black backed gulls and slender billed gulls can be

frequently seen. Turnstones and osprey are also commonly seen.

Description of Intervention Sites:

Geographically there is no proposed direct intervention in this area; however the area has

been assessed keeping in view of the Ramsar site, The improvement in Perennial and Flood

irrigation system will be a positive contribution in improving the ecosystem and also seen as

contributory factor to reduce pressure on single trade for earning their livelihoods i.e.

fishing.

Fishing is the main activity within this site. Mangroves are increasingly under stress by the

local inhabitants, to fulfill their needs for fodder and fuel wood. With increasing population

in the area, the foliar harvest cannot be sustained indefinitely without adversely affecting

the mangroves, affecting the productivity of the wetland. In the site area, reports of trash

fishing seem to have direct correlation between the fish meal facilities in the vicinity and the

availability of juvenile catch in the area.

The other major stress affecting the mangrove is the gradually filling of lagoon due to

increased rate of siltation. Absence of defined rainfall pattern in the area has converted it

into a mound of sand. Huge quantities of sand and silt are blown by the wind and deposited

into the lagoon, which is already incompletely flushed by sea water due to very narrow

entrance in the Hor area. Ephemeral flow of turbid streams and run off into the lagoon also

aggravate the situation. (Saifullah,S.M & F. Rasool 2002).

4.3.5 Southern Zone (Liari, Uthal & Lakhra Tehsils)

Southern Zone of Porali River Basin comprises areas of Liari Uthal and Lakhra Tehsils. The

area is a mix of waterlogged and saline lands and relatively developed farms with varying

range of agriculture, greatly depending on the availability of water in the system. This zone

has relatively dense human presence. The colour of sub surface soil changes from yellowish

brown to Dark yellowish brown. In some areas soil is pale brown. The land shows moderate

to extreme non-conducive conditions for vegetation growth, normally favoring halophyte to

dominate. The top soil has a lose binding ability, thus have potential to erode with a range

from 20-40%. Regarding surface water pH range is generally from 7.7 to 8.2. In some places

it increases upto 8.3 - 8.4, probably due to the presence of salt on the surface as a residue of

capillary action in sub surface water table. TDS range is from 500 mg/l to 800 mg/l. Surface

water is mostly used for irrigation and domestic purpose.


Mostly the vegetation has been seen on foot hills, rest of the area has been dominated by

sandy soil and often covered with pebbles. The vegetation represented by the grasses and





shurbs sparsely distributed in the area. Representing a xerophytic set of flora such as

Euphorbia nerifolia, Caragan polyacatha and Convovolvulus spinusis. Acacia, rupestres,

Astragalus Spp, Capparis aphylla bushy and leafy Salsola spp, the stiff leaved fan palm or

Mazri Palm and the rigid tamarixs (kirri) also grow naturally in the district. The perennial

grass cover is not abundantly available. Cynodon daetylon and Saceharum Spp are found

along water channels or stream beds. Once occupied by the grass species like Cymbopogon

schoenanthus and Poa spp, the over use of many years accompanied by the absence of

reseeding, loss of top soil due to wind and water erosion and depletion of soil seed bank

have resulted in the replacement of palatable grass component by comparatively be less

palatable woody vegetation of Artemesia Sp. and Halotropium Sp. The situation has been

deteriorated to the extent that it may require a lot of resources and a time span for re-

introduction. Conservation of biodiversity and sustainability of forest do not receive any

consideration by the communities.

About 15 mammals species were reported from this region and its surrounding, indicating

that the area has a significant presence of diversity. However the population of a number of

species is critically low including for Hyena, Caracal, Honey Badger, Chinkara and Urial.


This zone represents number of proposed irrigation schemes under review; they are;

1. Titian Flood Irrigation Scheme ( Improvement proposed) Near Liari

2. Uthal Kantra Flood Irrigation Scheme ( Improvement proposed) Near Uthal

3. Phat Gidri Perennial Irrigation Scheme (Improvement proposed) Near Gidri In Lakhra

area.

Titian FIS has been located in the

surrounding of a flat plain area, the

soil is soft having a higher ration of

salt in it due to extensive rate of

surface and sub surface evaporation

and subsequent salt deposition due

to this activity. It was noticed that

the devastating hydro pressure have

eroded the concrete wall and

damaged the gates of the canal used to divert water from one course to another one, silting

of the channels further compounded the degradation of the system. There was no natural

canopy in the area and its surrounding, a very few patches of Prosopis juliflora can be seen.

The proposed improvement at Titian is likely to contribute positively in the economy of the

surrounding villages and also contribute in reducing devastation in case of flood, by easing

pressure on other infrastructure including sections of coastal highway coming under threat





due to flood. It has also seen as a blessing to the people of Bheera village living very close

the mouth of Porali river in the mangrove areas.

Uthal Kantra FIS has been located very close to the established infrastructure; latest flood

left a devastating effect in the vicinity, the proposed scheme ihas been envisaged to

improve the flow of water in the waterways which has been predominantly covered with

the patchy growth of xerophytic life form present in abundance in the vicinity. The

dominating cover is Prosopis juliflora. The proposed intervention has been foreseen to ease

hydrodynamic pressure on built infrastructure and the surrounding settlements. There is no

apparent compromise on habitat destruction of any reported ecologically significant life

form.

The proposed perennial irrigation scheme at Phat Gidri area has been focused enhance the

coverage area for the available water in the channel, the area witnessed to have sizeable

agricultural developments, besides livestock as a supporting factor. The surrounding has the

presence of Acacia nilotica on the embankments of the existing channels, Prosopis juliflora

and Calotropis procera can also be seen at places. There is no apparent foreseen

compromise in the composition of life form in the area.

Figure 4.10: View of the Flood Irrigation Scheme at Uthal Khanta Bridge

Figure 4.11: Perennial Irrigation Scheme at Phat Gidri Area





4.3.6 Central Zone Of Target Area (Kanrach & Bela Tehsil)

In Bela tehsil colour of soil is yellowish Brown to Dark Brown, while soil of Kanrach is

generally dark grayish Brown. Soil revolves in the texture from sandy loam to clay loam.

Some area clay percentage is relatively high. The pH of the area of Central Zone is 7.7 to 8.3.

From irrigation perspective, the soil of this target area offers relatively a good growing

condition for crops as well as shrubs, grass and range propagation. Most of the cropped

area, forest area and range area are temporary protected. Grass availability is exceeded

upto 60% in most of the area. Palatable shrubs and grass are present but not more than

generally 30%. Plantation of shrubs and grasses is 3 or 4 times more in centre of the area

compared to foot hills. Erodibility percentage surrounds around 20% which encourage for

more plantations on foothills.

Legally designated forest in Lasbella comprises of mostly tropical thorn forest followed by

rangelands. Conservation of biodiversity and sustainability of forest do not receive any

consideration by other communities. Forest management is exercised by the concerned

institutions through protection.


Mostly the vegetation has been seen in patches or clumps; rest of the area has been

dominated by soil and often covered with pebbles. The vegetation represented by few

grasses and mostly shurbs sparsely distributed in the area. The area has a xerophytic set of

flora such as Heleotropuim Sp, Grewia domaine and Alhaji camelerum. Salvdora oleoides,

Zizyphus nummularia, Suoeda sp, Acacia jacquemontii, Calligonum polygonoides, Rhazya

stricta, Aerva javanica and the rigid tamarixs (kirri) also grow naturally in the district. The

perennial grass cover is not abundantly available. Cynodon daetylon and Saceharum Spp are

found along water channels or stream beds. the over use of many years accompanied by the

absence of reseeding, loss of top soil due to wind and water erosion and depletion of soil

seed bank have resulted in the replacement of palatable grass component by comparatively

be less palatable woody vegetation of Artemesia Sp. and Helotropium Sp. The situation has

been deteriorated to the extent that it may require a lot of resources and a time span for re-

introduction. Conservation of Biodiversity and sustainability of forest do not receive any

consideration by the communities.

There is no authentic report about the fauna composition of the area, which is obviously

expected as low because of the human activities and other limiting factors. However,

common composition of avifauna can be observed easily.


This zone represents number of proposed irrigation schemes under review, they are;

1. Sheb Medan delay action dam proposed Near Kanrach





2. Kharrari Dam Near Bela

3. Bhambari Dam near Bela.

4. Gandasha Perennial Irrigation

Scheme near Bela.

Sheb Medan is physically isolated by a

mountainous ridge, exhibit marginal

diversity coupled with the surface

covered with varying size of pebbles and

with harsh climatic representation;

however exhibit moderately developed

patches of vegetation dominated by Tamarix sp. Surrounded by Acacia nilotica Presence of

newly developed agricultural farm indicates the development trend in the area. A sizeable

group of sheep and goats were seen grazing in the area.

The proposed site for Khrrari dam is surrounded by a sizeable population pocket. The area is

subject to extensive mining and extraction activity of marble, granite and other mineral

resources, heavy vehicular movement is a frequent activity in the area besides other allied

work. The presence of vegetation was noticed in the proposed reservoir area and it

appeared to be a mono specific stand of Tamarix; however, few of the supporting flora can

also be noticed in the peripheries.

Bhambri Dam proposed site presents almost the same area dynamics as Kharrari, with a

slight deviation that the area has more evolved agricultural infrastructure, besides having a

promptly responding social outfit. They see the proposed intervention as an opportunity to

enhance their productivity. The dominant ground cover in the area happened to be

dominated by Tamarix Sp. and Helotropium sp. The area as expected was covered with

gravels and pebbles at the top. Presence of Tamarix indicates the level of waterlogging due

to the seasonal accumulation of water, in drought conditions the set of vegetation

represented in the area has a very smart mechanism to manage with the adverse conditions

like drought; in other words the flora present in such areas has simply exhibit wide

amplitude of tolerance against the odds.

Figure 4.12: A View of Sheb Medan

Figure 4.13: Proposed Site for Kharrari Dam





The perennial irrigation scheme at Gandasha has been surrounded by the agricultural farms

showing extensive activity. The farms were surrounded by Acacia nilotica, appearing as

good wind breaker, the clumps of perennial grasses and patches of Calotropis procera . The

human settlements around the proposed facility were found engaged in agriculture and

livestock as supporting livelihoods.

The vision of the rangeland in the district is to enhance their productivity to their optimum

potential with investment in Range Improvement and grazing management. Improvement

in irrigation system has been seen as an opportunity to boost local economy and also ease

pressure on already stressed and resource hungry professions like fisheries and services.

This has also seen as enhancement in already existing livestock sector, and will promote

further improvement, the promotion of range land as a result of improvement in irrigation

system will also contribute in strengthening the biodiversity regime in the area.

4.3.7 Northern Eastern Zone (Wad And Khuzdar Tehsil)

The zone comprised of a mix of rocky and small patches of flat areas. The soil color of the

zone is somewhat different than other zones, due to geological formation. The volcanic

rocks are mainly basalt and include lava and coarse agglomerates. The sedimentary rocks

interlayer with the volcanic strata includes shale, marl, limestone and conglomerates. Due

to this geological formation, majority of soils contain higher percentage of clay. In some

places, silt loam and clay loam show its presence. The pH of the soil is found in the range of

8.0 to 8.2; offering moderately conducive environment for cultivation. The erosion rate is

higher as compared to other zones.

Surface water and ground water is sweet having pH range from 7.6 to 8.2. Presently

irrigation uses 30% to 45% which may be increased for agriculture, forest and range areas.

The cultivation is better in plain areas compared to foot hills. Presently the presence of

forest, range and grass availability is more compared to other zone. Presence of palatable

shrubs/grass is also significant.

Figure 4.14: Panoramic view of proposed facility at Gandasha





Biodiversity of the zone

The area topographically dominated by hill tracts with small patches of soil covered with

xerophytic composition; rest of the area has been represented by soil often covered with

pebbles (a mixture of clay and rocks

as mentioned above). The vegetation

represented by few grasses and

mostly shurbs sparsely distributed in

the area. The xerophytic set of flora

has been mainly represented by

Grewia domaine and Alhaji

camelerum. Salvdora oleoides,

Zizyphus nummularia, Suoeda sp,

Acacia jacquemontii, Calligonum

polygonoides, Rhazya stricta, Aerva

javanica and the rigid tamarixs (kirri)

also grow naturally in the district. The

perennial grass cover is not abundantly available. Cynodon daetylon and Saceharum Spp are

found along water channels or stream beds. The zone represents a healthy size of palatable

grasses; Panicum Sp and Cymbobogon Sp. supported by Aristida Sp and Chrysopogm Sp.

The presence of Mazri palm on the rockey side of the zone has also been noticed.

There is no authentic report about the fauna composition of the area, which is obviously

expected as low because of the human activities and other limiting factors. However,

common composition of avifauna can be observed easily. The hilly area is likely to offer

refuge to other life forms; but there is no such report from the zone to be considered

significant.


This zone represents number of proposed irrigation schemes under review, they are;

1. Nimi Perennial Irrigation Scheme in

Khuzdar

2. Kud Dam in Khuzdar

A part of the area is under torrent -watered

cultivation. Nimi is a representative of that

definition. The farms were located in stream

beds and there seems a defined mechanism to

divert flowing water in the agricultural farms.

These farms were usually represented by a

range of strata, from tree, shrubs and herbs. Trees of date palm and Acacia can easily be

Figure 4.15: Mazari Palm

Figure 4.16: Frog in the Stagnant Water in Kud

Area





recognized around the margins of these farms.

Figure 4.17: Panoramic view of Nimi Perennial Irrigation Scheme

The system of irrigation under torrent watered cultivation is unique system in this area. The

main sources of irrigation in the Khuzdar Tehsils (under study) are flood water and rain.

Other source of irrigation includes tube wells, wells and springs.

Kud Dam site represents a relatively captive area, with minimal human interventions; there

is a tomb of a lady in the area mostly visited by the women of the area to pay their homage

and respect. The vegetation was found in pockets and at places, does not show much

diversity and mainly dominated by Tamarix sp. However, Phoenix dyctylifera (date Plam)

and Acacia nilotica was also present in small patches. The area seems to have minimal

human interaction and not easily accessible. There is likelihood to find wildlife but we did

not see any clear indications like palates, droppings or any other significant indicators of

their presence; except we witness presence of frog in the stagnant water in Kud area.

Figure 4.18: Kud Dam Site





4.4 DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE

This section presents a demographic and socio economic profile of the project area, based

mainly on primary information, gathered through extensive field surveys.

The Socio Economic study has been conducted in the villages located along with the

proposed interventions. The study area includes human settlements and villages of Nimmi,

Kanraj, Bambri and Uthal etc.

4.4.1 Population

The inhospitable terrain and climate of the

Porali River Basin make for a small and

clustered population.

The Population of Lasbela District

according to 1981 census was 188,139

which increased to 312,695 in 1998 census.

The growth rate was 3.03 %. With same

growth rate the current population of the

district is estimated at 489,301. Although

only 30% of the Lasbela District is within

Porali Basin but it is estimated from the settlements in the district that at least 60% of

District population equal to 293,600 resides in the Porali Basin as both the major towns Bela

and Uthal along with most of the major settlements including Lyari and Lakhra are within the

Porali Basin.

The population in the Khuzdar District according to 1998 census was 417,466 and the

present population is estimated to be 659,935 on the basis of inter-census period 1981-1995

growth rate of 3.1%. Corresponding to share in total area, about 11% of this population

(72,600) resides in the Porali River Basin.

A small part of Porali Basin lies in Awaran District but almost all of this area is barren land

and no significant settlement exists in this area. Hence, there is no contribution of Awaran

District in the total Population of Porali River Basin.

According to Socio-Economic survey along with the proposed interventions, the population

of the project area, which is to be affected in the Lasbela District is around 57,000 people.

Most of the villages along with the proposed interventions are relatively small. The largest

settlements along with the proposed interventions actually located with the RCD highway

around population of about 3000-5000 people.

Table 4.8 below shows the population distribution along with number of houses in the

project area.

wb432825

Highlight

·Map of all inhabited localities around the intervention sites should be included. These surveys should have been conducted with GIS coordinates noted for the localities.

wb432825

Highlight

·Summary information on the socioeconomic profile should be provided including total no. of villages in the area, population information, gender dynamics etc.





Table 4.8: Population Distribution

S.

No Village/Settlement Tehsil Population

No. of

Houses

1 Kohan Village

Bela

70 15

2 Abdur Rehman Nimi Goth 50 10

3 Jani Village 500 50

4 Sordeer Bizinja Goth 400 70

5 Kannar 550 80

6 Kundi 1,400 150

7 Kishari 2,500 275

8 Juman Bhit 2,500 175

9 Akri 400 40

10 Gajri Village 350 30

11 Seayan Goth 4,000 450

12 Soonari 900 100

13 Bara Bagh 2,700 350

14 Lungra Village 1,400 75

15 Gundacha Jagir 5,000 600

16 Jamali Goth 200 20


Kanraj

30 5

18 Karan Khan Gorgeja 500 40

19 Muhammad Umar Jamot Goth 2,000 150

20 Abdul Karim Jamot Goth 880 70

21 Raza Muhaamad Goth 400 20





S.


No. of

Houses

22 Soomar Goth

Uthal

20 3

23 Haji Mir Muhammad Goth 70 10

24 Haji Muhammad Ibrahim Jamot Goth 300 40

25 Kheer Golae 280 35

26

Muhammad Yaqoob Gonga Piprani

Goth 350 40

27 Khareri 180 18

28 Faqir Goth 120 12

29 Bashwani Goth 400 50

30 Jamot Colony (Moza Marri No 1) 3,500 400

31 Tori Moza 2,000 250

32 Pir Goth 1,500 250

33 Muka Goth 2,000 300

34 Kandyaro Goth 3,000 300

35 Angario Goth 1,200 100

36 Khantra 1,000 300

37 Sheikh Mitha Khan Goth 5,000 300

38 Molvi M. Hassan Goth 500 50

39 Khan M. Goth 450 50

40 Soomar Goth

Lakhra

300 35

41 Khakhacho 1,000 200

42 Orki 600 90





S.


No. of

Houses

43 Gajro Pat

Sonmiani

700 75

44 Damb 3,000 280

45 Liari Lairi 3,000 250

Grand Total

57,200 6213


4.4.2 Tribes, Ethnic Groups, Languages, Culture and Decision Making

The social organization in the project area is tribal, and the social structure is patriarchal. All

the tribes other than Baloch and Brahvi, Med, Khoja and Hindus that have settled in Lasbela

are known as "Lasi". The principal Lasi tribes are only five in number: the Jamot, Roonjhas,

Sheikh, Angaria and the Burra. Together they are called the Panjraj and constitute a tribal

confederation. Under each raj is a large number of heterogeneous groups.

The Gunjas, Sinars, Sangurs, Burfast, Chhuttas and Khojas include the minor tribes. The Meds

are fishermen who live along the coast, mainly at Miani and Somiani. The Hindus are mainly

traders. They have also acquired land, by purchase or mortgage, which is cultivated by their

tenants. They are all of the Arora casts. The decision of the family head is final in all domestic

affairs and the tribal chiefs enjoy the power of decision-making at community and tribal

level.

Since the society is predominantly patriarchal, decision-making is in the hands of the males

and the decisions made are binding upon females. Women have no say in the decision-

making process, though in some urban families they have the right to give their opinion to

some extent. Society is structured on kinship bases and each group is attached to a

particular tradition, founded on different rules of social organization. Most of these have

undergone a considerable transformation over time.

The political organization is built upon two principals, hereditary authority and personal

bonds of allegiance in which protection is exchanged for loyalty. Many elected

representatives are tribal chiefs and Sardars.

The “Jam” occupies the highest position on the social ladder these days, followed by Jamots,

Roonjhas, Angarias and Burras.

The hierarchical system of authority goes downward from Sardar to the younger men in the

clan and family. The Sardar position is supreme. The Lasi tribes have an almost equal social

position, with the exception of the occupational groups, which have a higher status.





Inter-marriages between different ethnic groups will create more co-operation,

understanding and socialization. Due to the development activities of government and

NGOs, the custom of co-operation is disappearing and being replaced by the activities of

government institutions. Women have no say in their marriages. Bride price is a social evil,

although it is disappearing among educated classes and urban dwellers. Women are very

much involved in their family and domestic activities, but have no major role and social

status in the society. Their activities are limited to domestic affairs only. In the town areas,

some families allow their women to express their opinion in family affairs. But it is very

limited. The change can be brought through education and communicational development

in the area. Women cannot play an important role in the society and cannot exploit her full

potential as long as they are segregated and secluded from the society.

Dominant Ethnic groups along with the proposed interventions are the Baloch, Barahvi and

Sindhi. As mentioned earlier, we have covered only Lasbela District of the project area,

according to that, around 75 pc of the population along with the project area surveyed is of

Sindhi Origin (Lasi) and remaining is the Brahvi (Kurd) Origin especially in Nimi Area.

There are various cast in Lasi (Sindhi) origin includes Jamot, Khaskheli, Sao, Sabra, Gonga,

Ronja, Buray along with the proposed intervention of Kanraj, Bambri, Uthal Khantra and

Kharrari-Lundha Dhora area. In Brahvi, there are various cast including Seyan, Bizinja and

Khosa living along with the proposed intervention of Nimi and Kanraj Area.

Table 4.9 shows the bifurcation of the ethnicity of the settlements located along with the

proposed intervention.

Table 4.9: Various Ethnic Groups

S.

No Village/Settlement Tehsil Ethinicity

1 Kohan Village

Bela

Brahvi

2 Abdur Rehman Nimi Goth Brahvi

3 Jani Village Brahvi

4 Sordeer Bizinja Goth Bizinja (Brahvi, Kurdi)

5 Kann Brahvi

6 Kundi Brahvi (Seyan)

7 Kishari Brahvi (Khosa)

8 Juman Bhit Brahvi





S.


9 Akri Brahvi

10 Gajri Village Brahvi, Lasi

11 Seayan Goth Brahvi

12 Soonari Brahvi

13 Bara Bagh Brahvi, Lasi

14 Lungra Village Brahvi, Lasi

15 Gundacha Jagir Brahvi

16 Jamali Goth Bizinjo


Kanraj

Brahvi

18 Karan Khan Gorgeja Gorgej /Mirwani

19 Muhammad Umar Jamot Goth Sindhi (Jamot, Khaskheli)

20 Abdul Karim Jamot Goth Sindhi (Jamot)

21 Raza Muhaamad Goth Jamot (Lasi)

22 Soomar Goth

Uthal

Jamot (Lasi)

23 Haji Mir Muhammad Goth Jamot (Lasi)

24 Haji Muhammad Ibrahim Jamot Bareja (Lasi)

25 Kheer Golae Sabra (Lasi)

26 Muhammad Yaqoob Gonga

Piprani Goth Gonga, Sabra (Lasi)

27 Khareri Lasi

28 Faqir Goth Sao(Lasi)

29 Bashwani Goth Lasi





S.


31 Jamot Colony (Moza Marri No 1) Ronja, Jamot, Khankeri, Buray

(Lasi)

32 Tori Moza Lasi

33 Pir Goth Lasi

34 Muka Goth Lasi, Brahvi

35 Kandyaro Goth Lasi, Brahvi

36 Angario Goth Lasi

37 Khantra Lasi

38 Sheikh Mitha Khan Goth Lasi

39 Molvi M. Hassan Goth Jamot (Lasi)

40 Khan M. Goth Jamot (Lasi)

41 Soomar Goth

Lakhra

Baloch (Mehsar)

42 Khakhacho Baloch (Mehsar)

43 Orki Baloch (Mehsar)

44 Gajro Pat

Sonmiani

Lasi

45 Damb Lasi

46 Liari Lairi Lasi (Khaskheli, Angaria,

Baradia)


4.4.3 Development Status, Potential and Poverty Situation

As a whole, the Lasbela district has a critical role for Balochistan. It accounts for 90% of

industrial output and 70% of revenue generated by the province. However, the industrial

activity is mainly concentrated in areas with closer proximity to Karachi (e.g. Hub Industrial

Area). While there is some industrial and commercial activity in the towns of Uthal and Bela,





the study area potentially affected by the proposed project is generally devoid of any

industrial and major commercial activities.

However, in terms of development potential, this area could be ranked high. This is due to

its proximity to the port, availability of highways, and relatively encouraging record of

industrial areas located nearby. Especially marble industry, one of the few indigenous

industries of the province, could be developed in this region.

Lasbela attracts workers and migrants from all over Balochistan mainly because of irrigated

land and job opportunities in industries. To meet the growing demand for electricity and

water, the Government of Balochistan is working on a 50-megawatt power plant and supply

of additional water from Hub Dam – the lifeline for irrigated land and industries of Lasbela.

As mentioned above, being adjacent to Karachi, Lasbela is developing very rapidly. The area

has potential for agricultural, fisheries and industrial development. By developing the

industrial state of Uthal and Winder, the people of this area can become well-off, while they

currently live in poverty without basic facilities. The climate of the area is suitable for

livestock and poultry.

4.4.4 Economic Activities and Income Stratification

The main economic activities in the area are agriculture and livestock. This includes

cultivation of land, livestock grazing, reaping and harvesting of the produces and other allied

subsidiary occupations. Some of the population is engaged as unskilled labours in roads

construction works in B@R (Bridges and roads) and also house building and other

construction works. Some of the people of that area are also employed in Government

services and private sectors. Most of the people who live along with the coastline are

involved in fishing.

The basic income of 60 pc of the population, belonging to agriculture and allied occupations,

depends on the quality and quantity of crops harvested and the availability of water. The

average annual income per household in these villages is about Rs 160,000. This includes

income from livestock and agriculture. On an average, a household earns about Rs 45,000

from livestock each year. Household incomes from the sale of crops and seasonal

agricultural labor are about Rs 70,000. People involved in trade and business reported the

highest income, followed by those earning salaried income through government and private

jobs. Salaried employment often has a higher educational requirement, so the lower

employment in such positions indicates the low literacy level in this area.





Income stratification

60%28%

12%

Agriculture

Livestock

Others

4.4.5 Livelihood Patterns and Activities

Agriculture and livestock are the prime livelihood resources in the project areas. This

includes cultivation of land and live stock grazing. Some people have their own shops. Some

have government jobs such as school teaching, police and levies etc. Some of the villagers

are found working as tenants on annual basis in this area. They have to pay approximately

half of the profit to their land owners. Women are generally responsible for daily household

work and also do light work on fields to assist their male family members.

In most of the area, generally the people are agricultural land holders. The area of land

possessed by an individual ranges between one acre to 100 acres. Land revenue department

has issued khasra (survey) numbers to the agriculture land holders of this area.

4.4.6 Land Statistics

Land is a major Natural Resource available in the Porali River Basin, including the Barren and

cultivable lands.

The upper part of Porali River Basin lies in the Khuzdar District and is among the most

disadvantaged area of Porali River Basin. Most of the land is locked within rocky hills, leaving

only little patches amenable to agricultural activities in Wadh and its surroundings.

A large area of the Porali River Basin in Lasbela District can be cultivated if water can be

provided for irrigation. Physiographical details of the project catchments area are stated

Table 4.10.

Figure 4.19: Income Stratification





Table 4.10: Physiographical Details of the Project Catchments

S. No.

Sub Basin Name Total Area Boundary

Km2

Settlements Km2

Cultivation Km2

Barren Land/ Shrubs

Km2

Water Bodies

Road Network

1 Arenji Jhal Basin 695 1.15 0.46 674.47 19.38 -

2 Gajri Nai Basin 781 5.87 90.35 657.19 24.84 2.75

3 Kaniki Nai Basin 651 2.97 8.66 608.28 25.55 5.54

4 Khanko Nai Basin 659 3.06 12.75 619.96 17.25 5.98

5 Kharrai Nai Basin 1,706 13.93 38.78 1,606.10 42.97 4.22

6 Kud Basin 1,685 6 6.7 1,618.88 48.4 5.02

7 Kulri Nai Basin 711 4.37 14 652.49 33.51 6.63

8 Lakhra Basin 494 2.21 9.98 464.14 13.48 4.19

9 Lasra Dhorai Basin 418 2.11 - 405.11 5.38 5.4

10 Ping Jhal Basin 615 0.79 0.9 548.83 15.44 4.27

11 Tadar Kaur Basin 633 6 31.67 548.83 41.42 5.08

12 Tibbi Jhal Basin 1,545 0.71 - 1,609.67 31.06 3.56

13 Wad Basin Cultivation

1,023 9.42 7.66 974.91 22.21 8.8

Total 11,616 59 222 10,989 341 61

4.4.7 Land Tenure and Holdings

In this area of study, most of the land is owned by Land Lords. Major land tenure types here

are classified on the land ownership of the user of that land as follows.

Ownership: Ownership is the first tenure type in Balochistan. Private individuals and entities

can obtain freehold rights to land, and communal ownership rights are recognized under

customary law.

Lease/Contract: Term leases are common for parcels of agricultural land over 30 hectares.

Leases are for fixed rates, generally run at least a year and may have multi-year terms.

Leases may be written or oral agreements.





Sharecropping: Sharecropping arrangements are common on small- and medium-sized

parcels of agricultural land (less than 30 hectares). Sharecropping arrangements usually

provide the landowner with half the production from the land; arrangements vary regarding

provision of inputs. Most agreements are unwritten.

Table 4.11 shows the land ownership of the user along the proposed interventions.

Table 4.11: Land Ownership of the User along the proposed intervention

S.


Land Ownership of

the User

1 Kohan Village

Bela

Ownership

2 Abdur Rehman Nimi Goth Ownership

3 Jani Village ShareCropping

4 Sordeer Bizinja Goth Ownership

5 Kannar ShareCropping

6 Kundi ShareCropping

7 Kishari ShareCropping

8 Juman Bhit ShareCropping

9 Akri Ownership

10 Gajri Village Ownership

11 Seayan Goth ShareCropping

12 Soonari ShareCropping

13 Bara Bagh ShareCropping

14 Lungra Village Ownership

15 Gundacha Jagir Leased/Contract

16 Jamali Goth ShareCropping


Kanraj

Leased/Contract

18 Karan Khan Gorgeja Leased/Contract





S.


Land Ownership of

the User

19 Muhammad Umar Jamot Goth Ownership

20 Abdul Karim Jamot Goth Ownership

21 Raza Muhaamad Goth Ownership

22 Soomar Goth

Uthal

N/A

23 Haji Mir Muhammad Goth N/A

24 Haji Muhammad Ibrahim Jamot Goth ShareCropping

25 Kheer Golae Leased/Contract

26 Muhammad Yaqoob Gonga Piprani Goth Leased/Contract

27 Khareri Ownership

28 Faqir Goth Ownership

29 Bashwani Goth Ownership

30 Jamot Colony (Moza Marri No 1) Ownership

31 Tori Moza Ownership

32 Pir Goth ShareCropping

33 Muka Goth Ownership

34 Kandyaro Goth Ownership

35 Angario Goth Ownership

36 Khantra ShareCropping

37 Sheikh Mitha Khan Goth Ownership

38 Molvi M. Hassan Goth Ownership

39 Khan M. Goth Ownership





S.


Land Ownership of

the User

40 Soomar Goth

Lakhra

Ownership

41 Khakhacho Ownership

42 Orki Leased/Contract

43 Gajro Pat

Sonmiani

Ownership

44 Damb N/A

45 Liari Lairi Ownership


4.4.8 Land Use

Land is categorized by three major land uses i.e. privately owned land, grazing land and state

owned land. The local communities claim that these lands belonged to them and the

Government or Land Revenue Department has issued a Khasra number for their privately

owned land. However, people are allowed to use the grazing land and the state owned land

for various purposes.

The majority of the land in Porali River Basin area is barren, with only sparse shrubs or grass.

Only around 2% of the total land expanse of the proposed project area is currently under

cultivation, with most families owning only small pieces of land. The size of landholding,

along with environmental and climatic factors, keeps the incomes towards lower side. This

also inhibits any meaningful accumulation of capital, which is clearly evident from the

obsolete cultivation practices.

Cotton, Bananas, wheat, tir and vegetables are grown. Wheat and bananas are the main

commodities for household income. Small-scale mining is common in the tehsils of Bela and

Uthal. Other land use types include settlements (in the form of townships, market in Uthal

and Bela and villages), roads etc.

4.4.9 Agricultural Status

There is a vast potential of agriculture on land allocated along the proposed intervention.

The area along the left hand side of the RCD, going down to the Kud river, is relatively more

under cultivation but on the right hand side of the RCD, very small portion of the land is used

for agriculture because of water scarcity. Agriculture is heavily dependant on barani and

flood irrigation. Table 4.12 shows the agriculture status along the proposed interventions.





Table 4.12: Agriculture Status along the Proposed Intervention

S.

No

Village / Settlement

Tehsil

Land Use for

Agriculture (acre)

Source of Irrigation

Crops

1 Kohan Village Bela 10 Flood Vegetables

2 Abdur Rehman Nimi Goth

None N/A N/A

3 Jani Village 100 Porali, Tubewell

Vegetables, Guwar,Cotton

4 Sordeer Bizinja Goth

60 Porali River Vegetables, Guwar,Cotton

5 Kannar 5 Flood Vegetables

6 Kundi 20 Flood Vegetables, Dates, Cotton

7 Kishari 100 Flood Vegetables

8 Juman Bhit 6 Flood Vegetables

9 Akri 6 Barani Jawar, Mong

10 Gajri Village None N/A N/A

11 Seayan Goth 20 Barani Vegetables

12 Soonari 8 Flood Vegetables, Wheat

13 Bara Bagh 25 Flood Cotton, Mong, Til

14 Lungra Village 7 Flood Vegetables

15 Gundacha Jagir 250 Flood Vegatables, Cotton, Mong

16 Jamali Goth 5 Barani Jawar, Mong


Kanraj 15 Barani Gawar, Mash, Wheat

18 Karan Khan Gorgeja

50 Karez Wheat, Guwar, Mong

19 Muhammad Umar 1000 Karez, Wheat, Guwar,





S.

No


Tehsil

Land Use for

Agriculture (acre)


Crops

Jamot Goth Tubewell Mong

20 Abdul Karim Jamot Goth

30 N/A N/A

21 Raza Muhaamad Goth

100 Barani N/A

22 Soomar Goth Uthal None N/A N/A

23 Haji Mir Muhammad Goth

None N/A N/A

24 Haji Muhammad Ibrahim Jamot Goth

200 Tubewell Vegetables, Wheat, Cotton, Jawar, Bajra

25 Kheer Golae 700 Flood, Tubewell

Vegtables, Wheat, Cotton, Mong

26 Muhammad Yaqoob Gonga Piprani Goth

250 Flood, Tubewell

Vegetables, Wheat, Cotton, Til

27 Khareri 500 Barani Bajra, Jawar, Till, Mango, Cheeko

28 Faqir Goth 5 Barani Jawar, Gawar, Mong

29 Bashwani Goth 500 Tubewell Wheat, Cotton, Bananas

30 Jamot Colony (Moza Marri No 1)

1500 Flood, Tubewell

Wheat, Cotton, Bananas, Vegetables, Jawar, Mong

31 Tori Moza 350 Flood, Tubewell

Cotton, Banana

32 Pir Goth 2500 Flood, Tubewell

Cotton, Wheat, Banana, Vegetables, Cheeko

33 Muka Goth 1000 Flood, Cotton, Banana,





S.

No


Tehsil

Land Use for

Agriculture (acre)


Crops

Tubewell Vegetables

34 Kandyaro Goth 1000 Flood, Tubewell

Cotton, Banana, Wheat, Vegatables

35 Angario Goth 1000 Barani Cotton, Jawar, Mong, Wheat, Vegetables, Arandi

36 Khantra 100 Tubewell Cotton, Jawar, Banana, Mong

37 Sheikh Mitha Khan Goth

1500 Barani Jawar, Corn, til, Arandi

38 Molvi M. Hassan Goth

None N/A N/A

39 Khan M. Goth None N/A N/A

40 Soomar Goth Lakhra 50 Barani Jawar, Mong, Til, Arandi, Gawar

41 Khakhacho 15 Barani Jawar, Arandi

42 Orki 250 Flood, Barani

Cotton, Jawar, Mong, Arandi

43 Gajro Pat Sonmiani None N/A N/A

44 Damb None N/A N/A

45 Liari Lairi 40 Barani Bajra, Jawar, Mong, Arandi, Wheat


The major crops produced in the area are Cotton, Wheat, Jawar, Guwar, Mung Beans etc.

Also vegetables and fruits are grown in this area including tomatoes, onions, water melon,

bananas etc. Major crops of kharif and rabi season is identified in terms of area and

production. Major crops are wheat and cotton in kharif and rabi season.

There are four types of sources for irrigation: flood irrigation, barani, Tubewell and surface

water. The source of irrigation is summarized in the Table 4.12 along with the crops grown in

these villages.





The Kharif cropping period in this area is from July to October, and the Rabi cropping period

in this area is from Nov to February. Mostly Cotton, Jawar, Guwar, Bananas are cultivated in

Kharif Season, while Wheat and vegetables cover up the Rabi Season. Table 4.13 shows the

approximate yield and price of maunds per acre of different crops.

Table 4.13: Per Acre Yield of Different Crops

Crops Yield (Maunds/acre)

Cotton 10-12

Jawar 7-8

Gawar 7-8

Wheat 15-20

Mong 10

Tomato 20-25

Banana 85-90


4.5 LIVESTOCK

Despite the growth of the agriculture sector, the livestock sector has not lost its importance. It

is the second biggest sector after agriculture. The sector provides valuable food, such as milk,

meat, butter, cheese, ghee and curd. The nomadic population resides mostly in the northern

part of the district and it is mainly dependent on the livestock sector.

Women and children herd the animals. Women also help in feeding the animals at house if

fodder is available and look after the animals within the house. The work of the women and

children is considered family labour and is unpaid. The children who are involved in livestock

activities, are deprived of going to school.

Major Livestock present in this area comprises of goats, sheeps, cows, oxen, camels and

donkeys. Livestock growth, weight and reproduction depend upon the weather conditions and

availability of water in this area. In case of rain, the shrubs and pasture grow in the area,

improving the status and position of the livestock. The table below depicts the presence of

livestock in the potentially affected villages at a sub-basin level:

Porali River Basin Development Project Environmental Impact Assessment



Table 4.14: Livestock (Mature) & Poultry

S.

No. Sub Basin

Livestock (L.S)

Poultry Total Cow Goat Ox Donkey

Camel (M)

Camel (F)

Sheep Horse Total

1 Kharrai 359 591 0 0 0 0 91 0 1,041 735 1,776

2 Lasra 66 2,080 50 66 6 34 2450 6 4,758 260 5,018

3 Lakhra 269 1,354 30 44 11 39 535 0 2,282 1,000 3,282

4 Kud 185 3,400 158 360 6 86 750 1 4,946 1,150 6,096

5 Tibbi 99 465 0 18 0 5 152 0 739 140 879

6 Wadh 28 3,060 10 80 1 2 2200 0 5,381 250 5,631

7 Arenji Jhal 12 83 0 11 1 0 0 0 107 25 132

8 Taddar 173 1,065 8 4 27 0 0 1,277 440 1,717

9 Khanko 25 405 10 11 4 27 85 0 567 55 622

10 Gajri 215 855 22 5 18 10 89 0 1,214 375 1,589

11 Ping Jhal 160 90 0 19 6 2 295 1 573 160 733

12 Khaniki 38 240 8 4 0 12 0 0 302 111 413

13 Kulri 224 2,790 44 213 80 0 0 3,351 0 3,351

Total 1,853 16,478 340 835 377 6647 8 26,538 4,701 31,239



Porali River Basin Water Resources


Figure 4.20: Livestock Population

In the rural areas, livestock mortality rates are higher than in urban areas, due to lack of

awareness regarding the livestock diseases and non-availability of timely treatment.

Lasbela district has three veterinary hospitals: one at Bela; the other at Hub; and the third at

Uthal. In addition there are 16 dispensaries, two Artificial Insemination Centers (AIC) at Bela

and one Disease Investigation Laboratory (DIL) unit. In the past, veterinary services were

delivered free of charge. Now there are some nominal charges for treatment and

vaccination for livestock. The veterinary hospitals, dispensaries and mobile units of the

Livestock Department carry out a vaccination programme twice a year according to their

schedule. Vaccination facilities are available in the centres throughout the year. It has been

observed that animals suffer from various diseases due to unhygienic conditions. In case of

diseases of animals, women also take care of them by giving them domestic herbal

medicines.

4.5.1 Health Status and Facilities

As is common with the low-income communities in Pakistan, the health status of inhabitants

is poor. The most common diseases, as reported by the area residents during the survey are

tuberculosis and malaria in adults.

Health services are mainly provided through Civil Hospital, Uthal which is one of the largest

health facility in whole area and few civil dispensaries and private clinics are also established

in Uthal and Bela City.

The level of basic health facility in the remote areas is under developed. Only few Basic

Health Unit established in these settlements along the proposed interventions where three

male and one lady doctor is available. There are also a few civil dispensaries (CD) available in

these settlements.

In emergency situations, the villagers mostly take their patients to the towns of Uthal and

Bela. Private clinics are also established at Uthal and Bela which is almost at 25 to 30 km

40%

20%

15%

10%

10%5%

Goats

Sheeps

Cows

Camels

Donkeys

Others





distance from these settlements According to the local residents, the average expense on

medical treatment in these clinics excluding transportation cost ranges between Rs. 100-

500. Table 4.15 shows the health facilities in whole area.

Table 4.15: Status and number of Health Facilities in the area

S.

No Village / Settlement Tehsil No. of BHUs / CD

Distance from nearest health facility

1 Kohan Village Bela - 48 km to Bela

2 Abdur Rehman Nimi Goth

- 48 km to Bela

3 Jani Village - 48 km to Bela

4 Sordeer Bizinja Goth - 48 km to Bela

5 Kannar 1

6 Kundi - 35 km to Bela

7 Kishari - 35 km to Bela

8 Juman Bhit 1

9 Akri 1

10 Gajri Village - 15 km to Bela

11 Seayan Goth 1

12 Soonari - 15 km to Bela

13 Bara Bagh 1

14 Lungra Village 1

15 Gundacha Jagir 1

16 Jamali Goth -


Kanraj - few kms to Sahib Khan Goth for BHU

18 Karan Khan Gorgeja - 1 km to Thana Kanraj for BHU

19 Muhammad Umar Jamot Goth

1





S.



20 Abdul Karim Jamot Goth

- 3 kms to Umer Goth

21 Raza Muhaamad Goth - 3 kms to Umer Goth

22 Soomar Goth Uthal - few kms to Haji Mir Muhammad Goth for BHU


1


- few kms to Wayaro

25 Kheer Golae - few kms to Sukhan for BHU


- few kms to Sukhan, Bela and Uthal

27 Khareri - few kms to Uthal

28 Faqir Goth - 6 kms to Uthal

29 Bashwani Goth - few kms to Uthal


Civil Hospital, Clinics and Dispensaries are there

31 Tori Moza - No and few kms to Uthal city

32 Pir Goth 1

33 Muka Goth 1

34 Kandyaro Goth 1

35 Angario Goth - few kms to Uthal

36 Khantra - few kms to Uthal

37 Sheikh Mitha Khan Goth

- few kms to Uthal





S.




1

39 Khan M. Goth - few kms to Molvi. M Hassan Goth for CD

40 Soomar Goth Lakhra - 35 kms to Bela

41 Khakhacho - 12 kms to Bela

42 Orki - 15 kms to Bela

43 Gajro Pat Sonmiani - 30 kms to Winder

44 Damb 3

45 Liari Lairi 1


4.5.2 Education Status and Facility

Formal schooling in Balochistan province is organised in a three stage system, namely

primary, middle, upper secondary or high school, and runs for a total of 10 years. The

primary education cycle is composed of six grades running from kachi (kindergarten) to

grade 5. The age of entry into the system is variable, ranging from age four to age eight. On

successful completion of all six grades, pupils are awarded the primary certificate. They are

eligible now to enter middle school which runs for three years from grades 6 to 8. This is

followed by 2 years of upper secondary or high school (grade 9-10) ending in matriculation

(Matric). Every school has a headmaster or headmistress and other teachers like a secondary

and primary school teacher.

The majority of primary school teachers are unqualified and untrained. Most of them remain

absent from their duties in this area. Primary school building consists of one to two rooms.

Sometimes school buildings are constructed on political basis and occupied by zamindar

(landlords) of the areas to be used as guest room. The majority of the schools do not have

proper sanitation facilities (toilets or safe water supply). Table 4.16 shows the number of

educational facility including primary, middle and high schools of these settlements along






Table 4.16: No. of Educational Facilities in the Settlements along the Proposed Interventions

S.


No. of Educational Facility

1 Kohan Village Bela 0

2 Abdur Rehman Nimi Goth 0

3 Jani Village 1

4 Sordeer Bizinja Goth 1

5 Kannar 1

6 Kundi 1

7 Kishari 2

8 Juman Bhit 2

9 Akri 1

10 Gajri Village 1

11 Seayan Goth 3

12 Soonari 1

13 Bara Bagh 2

14 Lungra Village 1

15 Gundacha Jagir 4

16 Jamali Goth 1


Kanraj 1

18 Karan Khan Gorgeja 1

19 Muhammad Umar Jamot Goth 2

20 Abdul Karim Jamot Goth 1

21 Raza Muhaamad Goth 1

22 Soomar Goth Uthal 0

23 Haji Mir Muhammad Goth 1





S.


No. of Educational Facility


1

25 Kheer Golae 2


1

27 Khareri 0

28 Faqir Goth 0

29 Bashwani Goth 1


3

31 Tori Moza 2

32 Pir Goth 2

33 Muka Goth 1

34 Kandyaro Goth 1

35 Angario Goth 2

36 Khantra 3

37 Sheikh Mitha Khan Goth 1

38 Molvi M. Hassan Goth 1

39 Khan M. Goth 0

40 Soomar Goth Lakhra 1

41 Khakhacho 0

42 Orki 0

43 Gajro Pat Sonmiani 0

44 Damb 6

45 Liari Lairi 3






According to survey, around 50% of children are studying at primary schools located in these

villages. Some of the children even go to other village for primary education and Uthal and

Bela for Matriculation and Intermediate studies. Literacy rate is higher among youngsters as

compared to the elders.

Female literacy rate is almost zero among the elders. But the scenario has changed during

the past few years. Few girls primary schools are now established in these villages. A

separate primary school for girls was established in few villages of Kanraj. The study team

also noted that a few girls students of these villages also go to Uthal and Winder for

Matriculation and Intermediate Studies.

Similarly, there is a significant trend of religious education through madrassahs in these

villages. Some of the Madrassahs were established in Kanraj, Uthal, Bambri and Nimi Area.

4.5.3 Provision of Utilities

1. Electricity

Electricity is not a common utility in the project area. It is available only in most populous

settlements of the area including Uthal and Bela City and villages near to these cities. These

areas are the most populous settlements of the site. The electricity reaches to around 25%

of the project area. The Electricity is supplied by the Karachi Electric (KE). It is also be noted

that the few solar panels are also used in these settlements at prominent places of the

villages including Autaq, Mosque, Basic Health Unit etc. Table 4.17 shows the electricity

status in the settlements located along the proposed interventions.

Table 4.17: Electricity Status in the settlements along the proposed interventions

S.

No Village/Settlement Tehsil Electricity

1 Kohan Village

Bela

No

2 Abdur Rehman Nimi Goth No

3 Jani Village No

4 Sordeer Bizinja Goth

Solar Power Used at prominent places

5 Kannar No

6 Kundi No

7 Kishari No

8 Juman Bhit No

9 Akri No





S.


10 Gajri Village No

11 Seayan Goth No

12 Soonari No

13 Bara Bagh Available

14 Lungra Village No

15 Gundacha Jagir Generators

16 Jamali Goth No


Kanraj

No

18 Karan Khan Gorgeja No

19 Muhammad Umar Jamot Goth

Solar and Wind Power Used at prominent places

20 Abdul Karim Jamot Goth No

21 Raza Muhaamad Goth No

22 Soomar Goth

Uthal

No



24 Haji Muhammad Ibrahim Jamot Goth Available

25 Kheer Golae Available

26 Muhammad Yaqoob Gonga Piprani Goth Available

27 Khareri No

28 Faqir Goth No

29 Bashwani Goth Available

30 Jamot Colony (Moza Marri No 1) Available





S.


31 Tori Moza Available

32 Pir Goth Available

33 Muka Goth Available

34 Kandyaro Goth Available

35 Angario Goth Available

36 Khantra Available

37 Sheikh Mitha Khan Goth No



39 Khan M. Goth No

40 Soomar Goth

Lakhra

No

41 Khakhacho No

42 Orki No

43 Gajro Pat Sonmiani

No

44 Damb Available

45 Liari Lairi Available


2. Fuel Wood

Unlike electricity, Sui Gas is also not available in any of the area around the proposed

interventions. People use wood from jangal for cooking purposes.

3. Potable Water Sources

The supply of drinking water in Lasbela district mostly along the left hand side of RCD is

generally the responsibility of PHED, though LGRDD also develops water supply schemes.

After completion of the water supply schemes, PHED will hand them over to the union

councils and town committees of the benefiting communities. The hand pumps provided by

the LGRDD are supplied on self help basis. The pumps are provided free of charge and

installation and maintenance costs have to be borne by the receiving communities.





The ground water potential in the district is good. PHED, the Local Government Department

and the district council are involved in exploring the ground water. The ground water sub-

sector has much potential in Uthal and Bela. Many tube wells are functioning in these areas.

In addition, Porali river basin has the potential of almost 155 cubic feet per second, which

can be tapped for agricultural development as well as water supply.

In remote areas, Women fetch water from long distances, the selection of sites for hand

pumps, water tanks etc. and in most of the remote area, Water is extracted from wells

through the use of ropes attached to pulleys, pulled out either manually or by camels or

donkeys. Donkeys and Camels are generally used to draw water from the dug wells due to

low water level. Also the people of this area are using water from chashma, porali river and

rain water storage. Table 4.18 shows the potable water sources of these settlements along


Table 4.18: Potable Water Sources of Settlements

S.

No Village/Settlement Tehsil Water Source Potable

1 Kohan Village

Bela

Chashma

2 Abdur Rehman Nimi Goth Chashma

3 Jani Village Canal

4 Sordeer Bizinja Goth Porali River, Well

5 Kannar Porali River, Well

6 Kundi Porali River, Well

7 Kishari Porali River, Well

8 Juman Bhit Porali River

9 Akri Well

10 Gajri Village Well

11 Seayan Goth Well

12 Soonari Rain Water Storage

13 Bara Bagh Well





S.


14 Lungra Village Porali River, Well

15 Gundacha Jagir Porali River

16 Jamali Goth Porali River, Well

17 Abdul Wahid (Moza North

Kanraj)

Kanraj

Chashma

18 Karan Khan Gorgeja Well

19 Muhammad Umar Jamot

Goth

Well (Handpump & Tubewell water

supply)

20 Abdul Karim Jamot Goth Well

21 Raza Muhaamad Goth Well

22 Soomar Goth

Uthal

Durkan Nadi

23 Haji Mir Muhammad Goth Chashma, Well

24 Haji Muhammad Ibrahim

Jamot Goth Tubewell

25 Kheer Golae Well

26 Muhammad Yaqoob Gonga

Piprani Goth

Well (Tubewell and Hand pump of

Govt)

27 Khareri Tube well

28 Faqir Goth Well, Rain Water Storage

29 Bashwani Goth Tubewell (Govt. Supply)

30 Jamot Colony (Moza Marri

No 1) Tubewell (Govt. Supply)

31 Tori Moza Tubewell (Govt. Supply)





S.


32 Pir Goth Tubewell (Govt. Supply)

33 Muka Goth Tubewell (Govt. Supply)

34 Kandyaro Goth Tubewell (Govt. Supply)

35 Angario Goth Water supply from Uthal (Tubewell)

36 Khantra Tubewell and water supply from Uthal

Tubewell no.8

37 Sheikh Mitha Khan Goth Tubewell and water supply from Uthal

38 Molvi M. Hassan Goth water supply through atho dhoro

chasma, well

39 Khan M. Goth Chashma, Well

40 Soomar Goth

Lakhra

Potable water are fetching 4.5kms on

donkey

41 Khakhacho Tubewell

42 Orki Well, Rain Water Storage, Porali river

43 Gajro Pat

Sonmiani

Rain Water Storage

44 Damb Rain Water Storage, Tanker from

Winder

45 Liari Lairi Tanker/FC/FWO


4. Sanitation

In the urban areas of Uthal and Bela sewerage systems are available. They cover 70 to 80

percent of the households in the Town Committee areas. In urban areas without sewerage

the dry pit system is used. In the rural areas most of the people go outside the house.

In urban areas, people throw their disposable waste outside the houses in dustbins from

where sweepers collect it. In rural areas no system exists for the disposal of solid waste or

waste water. Households manage the disposal themselves.





Overall the sanitary conditions are not satisfactory. They can be improved only by the provision of more sanitation facilities and more clean water. Coverage of sanitation is very low, in particular in rural areas, and the provision of sanitation facilities is constrained by lack of resources, water supply, and institutional capacity.

4.5 Position, Role and Status of Women

According to the 1973 constitution passed by the National Assembly, all citizens have equal

rights. There is no distinction on gender bases. The state may, however, make special

provisions for the protection of womens and childrens rights. The labour law ensures the full

participation of women in all socio-economic sectors of life. According to the law, women

have the right to vote and to hold office. They also have reserve seats in the National and

Provincial Assemblies and local bodies. But constitutional guarantees of quality are often

superseded. In practice it is very difficult for women to uphold their legal and social rights, as

local customs and tradition often prohibit it. The position of women in district Lasbela is the

same as it is in other areas of Balochistan. Men hold a monopoly of economic and social

power. Tribal chiefs are always male.

The literacy rate among women is very low. This is due to socio-cultural values in the area.

However, in the urban areas an encouraging trend can be seen, in which parents take an

interest in their daughters education. The number of girls students has increased over the

last five years.

Medical facilities for women in the area are very limited. Women visit Pir and Molvies for their general treatment and call traditional birth attendants for the delivery of babies. Generally, women observe purdah, but in the rural areas poor women work in the field without observing it.

Violence against women in the district has been there, but it is never reported. Women

think that men have the right to harass and beat them so they do not seek any legal aid in

this respect.

4.6 Gender Mainstreaming

Being a male dominated society the women are given very limited choice in family and social

affairs.

In most of the social groups men hold a monopoly on power. All political and religious and

other social leaders are men. Denial of women rights in matters of property and inheritance

as recognized by Islam, is due to the cultural code of honor, stemming from the male value

system. It often entails subordination of women and seclusion of women from the social

order. In some cases, especially in religious families, women right of inheritance is practiced.

Women are rarely allowed to own productive assets such as land or livestock. And they

generally lack control over their labour and its proceeds. Moreover, their economic

contribution is discounted in most official statistics. The industries of Hub and Winder

employ some women, but they live in Karachi and come daily for their jobs.9

9 www.un.org.pk/profiles/lasbella.htm‎l





CHAPTER 5

STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION

5.1 INTRODUCTION

The basic purpose of conducting the stakeholder consultation was to involve the important

stakeholders and local people into the process of project implementation and to incorporate

the appropriate environmental and social concerns into the process. Moreover, Pakistan

environmental Protection Act (PEPA) specifies that the stakeholder consultation process

shall be an integral part of this and thus makes it mandatory. This section presents the

essence of the stakeholder consultation process carried out for the proposed project.

5.2 OBJECTIVES

Basic objective of this activity is to have on board the project affected peoples (PAPs),

interested non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and related institutions through:-

Creating awareness about the project including its impacts

Mustering their support for the project

Involving them in the process of determining the right direction for area development

Relevant guidelines of WB prescribe that the affected population and institutions should be

fully informed by disclosing the information relevant to the project impacts, the proposed

policy of mitigation and compensation options. Consultation with PAPs is, therefore, the

starting point for all these activities to allay misgivings and apprehensions about the project

and elicit their acceptability, ensure their participation in planning and implementation and

provide them with opportunity to participate in key decisions that will affect their

livelihoods.

5.3 STAKEHOLDERS IDENTIFICATION

The literature identifies many techniques for stakeholder identification and analysis. The

academic debate of advantages and limitations of each such technique is beyond the scope

of this assignment. This approach was selected because of the similarity of project site in

terms of existing natural resources and most of the socio-economic parameters.

The approach adopted by the consultants consists of the following steps:

Step 1– List the various resources (natural and otherwise) within the site or in close

proximity of proposed project area e.g. mangrove, fish stock, navigational

channel etc.

wb432825

Highlight

·Chapter 5 needs to include a matrix showing stakeholder concerns noted according to primary and institutional stakeholders and then mitigation measures which could be taken to address the concerns.





Step 2 – List the functions and uses for each of the resources.

Step 3 – Identify the groups and actors that have a stake in each of the functions and

uses of the various resources by asking the following questions

Who uses / provides the resource(s)?

Who benefits from the use of the resource(s)? Who wishes to benefit but is unable to do

so?

Who impacts on the resource(s), whether positively or negatively?

Who has rights and responsibilities over the use / provision of the resource(s)?

Who would be affected by a change in the status, regime or outputs of proposed project

area and its management?

Who makes decisions that affect the use and status of the resource(s), and who does

not?

These questions were answered using field observations, discussions with key persons,

literature reviews and personal experience.

In doing Step 3, it emerged that a number of the same stakeholder (groups) is relevant for a

number of the functions and uses. This allowed the consultants to begin to see the

interconnected groups and stakeholders that have an important stake in the site or area.

By the end of this exercise, a table was developed with the resources on the left hand column, and a list of stakeholders and any other comments in another column as shown.

Table 5.1: Identification of Stakeholder

Resource Stakeholders

Mangroves Environmental Protection agency

Nature conservation NGOs; Academia

Forest department

local communities

Waterways local fishermen, Irrigation Department

local communities

Marine Fisheries department, Pakistan NAVY

EPA

Beach Local fishermen

Community at large





Resource Stakeholders

Land Local communities in agriculture and related business

Agriculture Department Govt. of Balochistan

Irrigation Department; Balochistan Coastal Development Authority

Livestock Department

Local Government and NGOs

Crops and Vegetation

Provincial Forest Department

Agriculture Department Govt. of Balochistan

Irrigation Department; Livestock Department

Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences

local communities

Access Roads local communities

Live Stock local communities, livestock department

Potable water local communities, Public Health Engineering Department

Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences

Fire Wood Provincial Forest Department

Community at large

5.4 STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS

5.4.1 Organization and Composition

Typically, stakeholder consultation is an expensive and time-consuming process. Therefore,

most literature on the topic suggests to classify and categorise them, so that more focus

could be paid to the more important entities.

For this project, the stakeholders can be classified into two broad categories; i.e. Internal

stakeholders who enjoy legal contract (in any form or at any level) with World Bank (the

project proponents), and External stakeholders who are made up of other individuals,

groups or parties that have a interest in the project but are not contractually obligated in

any way or form.





The approach adopted by NEC for identification and classification of the project stakeholders

is based on a tailored form of Winch Matrix. This approach is being used for its simplicity,

and its relevance for the situation at hand. The consultants first developed a blank format of

a matrix containing 08 cells. For the internal stakeholders, the cells are based on the type of

envisaged relationship (supply / demand), and the potential of influence (Direct / Indirect

stake). For the external stakeholders, the cells are based on stakeholder origin (public /

private) and again on their potential of influence. Once the matrix structure is created, each

cell is filled with potential stakeholders’ names.

Table 5.2 maps and classifies the envisioned Porali River Basin Project stakeholders

Table 5.2: Classification of Porali River Basin Project Stakeholders

Internal Stakeholders External Stakeholders

Demand Supply Public Private

Direct stake / Primary Stakeholder

Local Community, Balochistan Irrigation Department

EPA Agriculture Department,

Forest Department

Land & revenue Department; Environment Department; Pakistan Navy / Town / UC Nazim

Fishermen and Farmer of the area; Other communities living or doing business in the area

Indirect stake / Secondary stakeholder

Service Providers for this project (technical vendors, labor force, consultants) World Bank and other project financiers

Fisheries Department; Wildlife Department;

Livestock Department,

Lasbela University of Agriculture, Marine and Water Sciences Zoological Department

IUCN, Consumers of the project output,

5.4.2 Public Consultation in Field

This activity was initiated by the consultants during April – May 2013 along side the socio-

economic survey. The consultation was done through meetings in 46 potentially affected

villages. Mostly people who were consulted included village elders, school teachers /

government employee living in a particular village, or owner of a reasonable size of land. All

the villages visited and consulted are located in the Bela district; no village in Khuzdar or

Awaran district was covered due to security situation.

During the first phase of consultation, it was realized realization that among Potentially

Affected People (PAPs), there prevails either unawareness or an ambivalent attitude

towards proposed development schemes. There seemed slight disapproval at some

instances, possibly due to the fear of relocation.





During field activity, the team had discussed the basic requirements, requests, views and

perceptions with the local residents of these settlements about this project. Following

opinions were shared by the people of respective areas.

Local residents have a very encouraging opinion regarding this activity, they are very

positive about the project as they assume that it will provide not only water for

irrigation purpose but will also improve their quality of life, monthly income, live stocks,

infrastructure like roads etc. However, some of them had reservations as they thought,

these structures will only benefit some influential persons of the area as has happened

in the past, e.g Gijri Dam, which was constructed only for benefiting the lands of a local

Sardar. According to people of Shadi Village, Gijri Dam only serves the Sardar’s land,

causing injustice in water distribution, without any compensation for displacement of

resident.

Some people had concern regarding design or modification in the existing structures like

Trifurcation at Lakhra. They thought that trifurcation structure should be constructed 3

ft below the ground level instead of 3 ft above as proposed by the irrigation department

to fulfill their needs of irrigation water.

Some of the villagers from Ganda cha village raised their concern about the ground

water depletion. According to them, if the major amount of water is utilized in the

upstream areas, then the ground water in the downstream areas will be decreased. It

was suggested by the villagers that appropriate measures should be taken to solve with

problem.

Some people showed their interest in the rehabilitation of existing structures like Liari

existing weir, which is constructed on Titan khore. By the passage of time, it is nearly

ruined due to the negligence of concerned department. The situation is creating drought

condition in Liari and its surrounding.

Many people showed their concerns about the implementation of the project. They

were skeptic about the performance of Government departments, and said that many

plans are made but nothing on ground takes place.

5.4.3 Consultation with Institutional Stakeholders

Besides consulting with the people living in or around the sites that are potentially affected

by the project, the consultants also met the major institutional stakeholders, including the

Government line departments and the NGOs working in the area. The proponent of the

project, i.e. BSSIP, facilitated the consulting team by sending out a letter to all concerned

departments, and also helped in getting appointments.

Brief account of the discussion during these meetings is given in the following:





Mr. Farooq Khajjak – Procurement Engineer BSSIP, Irrigation Department

The EIA team met Mr. Khajjak in his office on 8th April, 2014. Main ideas shared by him are

listed below:

Top priority must be given to preserve perennial water sources.

Traditional Karez system has largely been replaced by Tube-wells. This transformation

has many downsides: firstly, tube-wells take up energy; secondly, it is leading to

unsustainable groundwater use leading to groundwater depletion; and thirdly, this

practice socially leads to individualism as opposed to community ownership intrinsic in

the Karez system.

Dam should be for irrigation purposes, especially in case of Baluchistan. Power

production is not an option.

Ground water recharge will probably not be a significant result of the proposed project.

Dam command area development should be taken into account and properly planned.

Mirani dam is an example of wasted resources because it is a dam without command

area.

Inter-department coordination is necessary for the success of this project. The irrigation

department has deputed people from forest and agriculture departments in BISSP so far.

Mr. Khajjak inquired about relevance of Fisheries Department as stakeholder for this project.

The EIA team responded that where Porali river drains into the sea, there is a significant

population of fishermen, and also sizeable commercial fishing activity. Therefore, fisheries

department is a legitimate stakeholder.

Mr. Nasir Khan Kashani – Director General EPA Baluchistan

The EIA team met Mr. Kashani in his office on 8th April, 2014. Team briefly explained the

proposed project to Mr. Kashani. He took special interest in the proposed locations of

various interventions.

Main ideas shared by him are listed below:

Mr. Kashani welcomed the development of

Baluchistan. However, he said, the

development should also take into account

the sensitivities of indigenous ecosystem,

and should not result in unsustainable

harvesting of any natural resources.

He specially emphasized that

groundwater recharge is a necessary

thing, and the project is likely to have this positive impact. The project design should

consider to enhance this positive impact to maximum possible extent.





He stressed that the project environmental report should take into account any possible

impacts on Hingol National Park. The EIA team explained that the project influence is not

likely to expand to Hingol National Park.

M. Kashani stressed that the impact of the proposed interventions on the downstream

flows into the Arabian sea should be studied minutely, as the river drains into a Ramsar

site i.e. Miani Hor.

Finally, Mr. Kashani emphasized that there should be a strong monitoring arrangement

post project. He said that the EPA will check it and ensure that proper monitoring is

carried out, so that there is no inadvertent environmental damage caused by the

project.

Mr. Zeeshan ul Haq – Secretary Fisheries & Baluchistan Coastal Development Authority

The EIA team met Mr. Zeeshan ul Haq in

his office on 8th April, 2014. EIA team

briefly explained the proposed project

to him with the help maps and other

relevant documents. Main information

shared and concerns raised by him are

the following:

In his opinion, Porali is not a river in the

strict sense of the word; rather it is a

small stream.

Main stake of fisheries department is

close to the proposed intervention at Titian; and towards the tail-end where Porali drains

into the Arabian Sea.

According to him, the interests of fishermen are three pronged, in that order of priority:

clean drinking water; fresh water flows; and perennial flows. The proposed project would

regulate the flows and hence likely to improve the situation from the current ephemeral one

to a quasi perennial one.

However, a more pressing requirement is of fresh water, not only for the downstream

ecosystem, but also for the sprawling anthropogenic activities in the area. He informed that

the fish meal factories have gone up from 02 a few years back to 17 now. He also informed

that Damb is an important landing site for shrimps and fish; one of the 08 landing sites on

Baluchistan coast. It is a permanent abode of fishermen community. Its population size

swells during the fishing season, when people from outside the area – and even from

outside the province – come here for economic reasons. He said that freshwater

requirement for ecosystem, domestic consumption and industrial / commercial use has to

be taken into account. He also sees the proposed project as an opportunity to ease the

burden on fishery sector in terms of offering a relatively diversified availability of trade,





particularly agriculture and livestock, which potentially reduces the juvenile catch of fishes

for fish meal.

He recalled that the floods previously caused damage to the Makran Coastal Highway to the

extent of around 9 km. one reason was that the existing Titian FIS was not working properly.

Therefore, rehabilitation and improvement of this structure will help sustain the

infrastructure as well.

He proposed that the project should consider to include a water storage and distribution

system for fishermen, along the same lines as is done in Gwadar and Jeevani.

He also advised that the project could also identify potential aquaculture sites upstream, for

example the proposed dam at the Kud river, in order to partially shift the burden from catch-

culture. He further advised that the project should not result in reduction of coastal

vegetation cover. He emphasized that reduction of coastal erosion potential is a definite

positive of the proposed project.

Mr. Inam Ullah – Director Planning (Agriculture Irrigation & Extension Department)

The EIA team met Mr. 5-8na mullah in his office on 9th April, 2014. EIA team briefly explained

the proposed project to him with the help maps and other relevant documents. Main

concerns raised by him related to inter-department coordination. He was of the opinion that

Irrigation department must be more forthcoming in sharing their plans with all other

departments. He advised that the project must consider the climatic factors, so that the

ultimate objective of improved agricultural productivity could be obtained.

He also shared the limitations of his

jurisdiction to effectively convince the

farmers particularly in some of the pockets of

the proposed project area to adopt farming

of less water intensive crops, he identified

the social setup of the area playing a leading

role for such deviation from the demand.

He suggested that the Irrigation department,

being the proponent of the project, must hold

a meeting of various line departments and

give a detailed presentation to all concerned, so that every department could know its role

in the proposed project and hence all could contribute to it jointly.





Mr. Abdullah Shah – Chief Engineer South, Irrigation Department

The EIA team met Mr. Abdullah Shah in his

office on 9th April, 2014. EIA team briefly

explained the proposed project to him

with the help maps and other relevant

documents.

He informed that Gandacha dam is being

recharged by precipitation. It is part of the

Porali basin.

He suggested that a better option could be

to build a large dam on Porali at Nimmi. He

has previously recommended it to the

concerned authorities. He is of the view that such large dam will basically serve all the

purposes currently envisaged from any delay acton dam, check dam or flood protection

arrangement. Such large dam would store enough water which could then by supplied for

irrigation through pipes. This will also ensure elimination of flood damages downstream. He

added that the ancillary infrastructure with a large dam would also serve the area that is

currently under-developed in terms of infrastructure. Whatever infrastructure is there, is

also prone to destruction by flash floods.

Mr. Akhter Bazai – Chief Conservator Forests

The EIA team met Mr. Bazai in his office on 9th April, 2014. He was assisted by the deputy

conservators and other staff of forest department. EIA team briefly explained the proposed

project to them with the help maps and other relevant documents.

Mr. Bazai strongly supported the project and even recommended adding further check dams

and delaying action dams at Uthal and

Bela. He lamented that currently there is

almost no provision to use the floodwater

of Porali. Since there is almost no delay or

storage arrangement, the floodwater

could not be used for rangeland

development or raising plantation. Once

flood is controlled and plantation is raised,

it will enable a continual cycle of flood

control and sustainability of proposed

intervention by creating positive inter-dependencies.

He recalled that the rains of June 2013 caused quite devastating floods. People were

stranded for almost 15 days because the infrastructure was damaged. Such type of





interventions will have a direct advantage by protecting the infrastructure, besides the

obvious advantages of water management.

He expressed willingness by the forest department to develop the rangeland as soon as the

water storage arrangement is there. He also instructed his staff to ensure appropriate

plantation at all the streams and distributaries embankments of the proposed scheme.

Dr. Noor Ahmed Baloch – Livestock Department

The EIA team met Dr. Baloch in his office on 8th April, 2014. Dr. Amjed was also present. EIA

team briefly explained the proposed project to them with the help maps and other relevant

documents.

Dr. Baloch supported the idea of the project in a long term manner. He was of the opinion

that more consistent availability of water

would lead to better availability of nutrition

to the livestock through rangelands. This

would, in turn, lead to better livestock

productivity both in terms of quality and

quantity.

The livestock people recommended that the

project should also encourage and promote

fodder crops at its operational stage. They

were of the view that livestock dispensary and model dairy farm should be considered as off-

farm components of the integrated agricultural development of the area – expected to

result from the implementation of proposed project.

Mr. Jahanzeb – Coordinator Coastal Association for Research & Development

The EIA team met Mr. Jahanzeb in his office on located in Winder. Mr. Abdul Qayyum was

also present. EIA team briefly explained the proposed project to them with the help maps

and other relevant documents.

Coastal Association for Research & Development (CARD) is a community based non-

government and non-profit organization. It was established in 2002. It is a community

focused organization working to strengthen ultra-poor people in the coastal areas,

particularly in Lasbela and Gwadar districts of Baluchistan.

CARD had been identified by the EIA team to be an effective representative of area people,

specially those from the fishermen community. CARD members shared their views about the

development potential of the area. They informed that the fishermen community is now

much more aware about the harmful effects of unsustainable fishing methods, but economic

pressures may still sometimes force them into such practices. They were of the view that the

project might help in eradicating abject poverty in the fishermen community by providing

them freshwater on a more regular basis and also by ensuring minimal flood damages.





Mr. Tahir Qureshi – IUCN

The EIA team met Mr. Tahir Qureshi in

his office in Karachi on July 11, 2014. Mr.

Qureshi is amongst the most authentic

experts on mangroves in the region. The

purpose to meet him was to confirm the

validity of the positive perceptions about

the project benefits shown by the people

of project area. EIA team briefly

explained the proposed project to them

with the help maps and other relevant

documents.

Mr. Qureshi has been working on the mangrove ecosystems of the coastal belts of Pakistan

since a very long time and is well versed with the ecosystem sensitivities of Miani Hor. He

also contributed in getting Miani Hor the status of Ramsar Site. He informed the EIA team

that the Ramsar site actually consists of Sranda Lake and the Miani lagoon jointly. Siranda

lake used to form a natural storage for monsoon flood waters around quarter of a century

ago. However, with development of infrastructure upstream, specially around the RCD

Highway, the lake stopped receiving flood waters and now it is practically dry. Even when

there is water, it is sea water.

Mr. Qureshi was of the view that the existing water flow regime is not significantly

supportive for the mangrove ecosystem. A major share of water comes in sporadic bursts

within very short time spans, while the life forms have to survive without fresh water for the

remainder of the year. As is the case with Indus delta, rather than flash floods, more

regulated flow is required.

Mr. Qureshi informed that there could be three major beneficiaries of the regulated water

supplies, namely: mangroves; agriculture; and freshwater fisheries. He emphasized that

regulated hydrology regime will be more beneficial for the overall ecosystem health, even

with reduced total quantity of water, than the current erratic regime.

5.4.4 Public Consultation Workshop

The EIA team had previously requested CARD to arrange a meeting with the local community

representing people from all areas and all walks of life. CARD, along with another CBO

DAWN, arranged the requested meeting in Winder on March 19th, 2014. The purpose of this

meeting was to present the salient features of the proposed project, and the progress of the

environmental study to the public stakeholders.

The meeting was attended by more than 50 members of local community. They represented

people belonging to agriculture as well as fisheries and other professions. The participants

included Vice Chairman of the Landowners Association, President Dawn Welfare





Organization, Coordinator CARD, general councilor of the area etc. The attendance list of

participants is attached with this report as Annexure – 4

Engineer Muhammad Ali Daudpota

presented the salient features of the

project, while Mr. Rafiul Haq informed the

participants of the progress of EIA. He has

had vast experience of working in the area

of proposed project from the platforms of

IUCN and WWF, and therefore knows the

local issues and problems very well. The

participants agreed whole heartedly when

he suggested that lack of water storage and

management is rather a bigger problem in

the area than the actual availability of water.

The main points raised by the participants

during the discussion are summarized in

the following:

The project should plan ahead for at

least 20 years. Our area is suffering

from ad hoc development as much as

from no development.

The communities have no issues with

the concept of dams; but the issue is

with the design. Flawed designs of such schemes have in the past not only resulted in

public money, but have also caused havoc to the local population.

Spillway of the dams should be very properly planned. Material and planning should be

of best quality. Dam height should be optimum.

Spillway water may support fishing and agriculture.

People living close to the proposed intervention sites will be the major beneficiaries. It

should be ensured that those living at a distance also benefit from it.

Dams will also help in reducing flow of debris into the sea. However, water calculation

should be rechecked before going ahead with the project.

Dams will also support groundwater recharge. In this regard, engineering design of the

project should expand this benefit to the maximum possible area.

Independent monitoring mechanism should be put in place for the project.





The project will have no direct benefits for Winder. There should be some component to

this end. Winder river has better flow than Porali river. There were some structures

previously built, but now they stand completely destroyed.

Mr. Abdus Sattar Angaria, Mr. Abdul Hafeez Angaria, Haji Abbas Mahigeer, Nabi Bux Angaria,

Wadera Suleman, Taimur Hamza and others spoke on the occasion. The forum unanimously

supported the project.

It is evident that the agricultural activity will have direct benefits from the project, and

therefore, landowners and peasants are in favour of the project. However, one key feature

of the forum was that the people engaged with fishing trade also supported the proposed

interventions. Fishermen community residing very close to the Porali mouth supported the

proposed project because they felt that the intensity of damage due to ephemeral flow is

likely to reduce if the flow is made into a regulated perennial type. Further, it will also help

reduce the amount of silt at the river mouth and the lagoon.

5.4.5 Continual Engagement with Stakeholders

Notwithstanding the efforts so far put in for public participation, this activity will have to be

pursued through the forthcoming implementation phases of the project. In particular, the

focus will be on the improvement and modification of the proposed intervention designs.

Participation mechanisms facilitate the consultative process and include information sharing

and dissemination, disclosure, and participation of affected people and other stakeholders in

the project related activities. In the peculiar social set-up of the project area, it is also

important to involve the religious leaders as representatives of the public as well as part of

effective communication process. They can provide a very effective medium to bring

information to the affected male population through Friday prayers. Local business

community, specially the affected one, should also be brought into the process of awareness

and participation.

The related institutional arrangements should also be in place for continuous consultation

throughout the process of planning and implementation.





CHAPTER 6

POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATIONS

This chapter identifies the significant potential environmental, socio-economic, health and

safety impacts which may occur during the project life. The appropriate mitigation measures

are also discussed in this and the subsequent chapters of this report.

A brief qualitative description of each aspect and the affected environment is presented in

the following sections.

The term “Environmental Impact” or simply “Impact” covers the negative, adverse or

harmful as well as positive, desirable or beneficial impacts of the project on environmental

settings. Prediction of impacts of the proposed activity is based on factual data; however,

the significance of these impacts involves a value judgment technique. The nature of the

impacts may be categorised in terms of:

Direction - Positive or Negative

Duration - Long or Short Term

Effect - Direct or Indirect

Extent - Wide or Local

Impact significance depends on both the nature of the impact and on the sensitivity of the

receptor. The more sensitive the receptor the greater will be the significance of impact of

that change. For this EIA Report, nature of change is combined with the sensitivity of the

receptor to evaluate the significance of the impact. The significance of impact is

characterized as very low, low, moderate, high and very high. Environmental issues of

“moderate”, “high” and “very high” significance would be provided with mitigation

measures.

For identification of potential impacts of the project, screening of activities causing impacts

had been carried out in different phases of the project life. In the impact assessment

exercise, major project activities with their associated environmental issues were identified

and then their impacts on the relevant physical, biological, and socio-economic elements of

the area were evaluated.

The major subprojects and technical components of the project have been listed in Chapter-

2. In broader spectrum, the project activities could be categorized in the following three

components:

Planning & Design Stage

Physical Intervention Stage

Operations Stage

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·All project components should be listed and all environmental elements listed into a matrix and then nature of impacts should be categorized in the matrix according to the criteria listed on page 106.





Environmental issues and the assessment of their impacts are presented in the following

sections.

6.1 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

The proposed project activities for the PRBDP are generally designed to improve catchment

management of the Porali River Basin. The Project is designed with environmental

sustainability in mind for all components and activities. The environmental impacts of

improved coordination in basin water resources management, watershed management,

improved climate resilience, and ecosystem improvements are expected to be highly

positive overall; likely environmental and social benefits include reduced soil erosion and

land degradation, reduced risk of flash floods, reduced risk of the basin running dry during

an extended draught, and improved forest conservation and restoration. Environmental and

social considerations will be given major attention in PRBDP planning, as well as major civil

works, to ensure that any adverse environmental and social impacts are minimized and

adequately mitigated.

6.2 DESIGN / PLANNING COMPONENT

At the initial stage during the first component, the focus will be on laying the foundation for

integrated planning for water resources management. This component is likely to result in

improvement in institutional arrangements and capacity in the areas of environmental and

social management and monitoring. Development of decision support systems and training

to develop local expertise is expected to substantially improve the management and

monitoring of social and environmental impacts, including consideration for environmental

flows in water resources management.

The planning, information management, and capacity-building activities are all intended to

facilitate increased awareness-raising to foster ownership, understanding and

mainstreaming of environmental and social considerations within water resources planning

for the overall Porali River Basin.

Following activities and concerns are expected at the planning and design stage:

Topographical survey and Geotechnical investigation of the area

Assessment of water availability

Route selection (Alignment) for water channels

Land acquisition requirements for Water Storage Dams

Design works for Construction of new interventions as per proper engineering standards

e.g. proper gradient to maintain desired velocities

Water rights Issues in the area

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Highlight

·Section 6.1.2 should be subdivided into subsections pertaining to each type of intervention. The potential impacts and mitigation measures should be listed.





6.2.1 Potential Impacts at Design / Planning Component

Understandably, the potential environmental impacts, in a physical sense, of the design

stage are quite low. Since the design stage involves only limited physical activity, its direct

impact on environment is also low. The various surveys carried out at the planning level may

result in short term impacts on air and soil quality.

If the design is carried out without regard to the environmental considerations, it will lead to

long term negative implications for local flora and fauna.

The general culture of the area seems to discourage individual’s interaction with outsiders

besides strictly business relationship. Any social interaction is to be at the collective level.

Hence, when the EIA team went to various villages, it was made to sit and meet with village

people collectively. Mostly, the village elders spoke in response to questions. Under these

circumstances, the frequent visits of various survey teams may also cause disturbance to

local public life. However, the very surveys may also prove to be positive in socio-economic

terms, in providing short term employment opportunities to some local folks during surveys.

The other positive impacts that are expected from the project at the design stage are the

following:

Improved water resources and basin knowledge base

Basin planning process that integrates analytical and stakeholder inputs

Reduced future water conflicts arising from more uncoordinated/unplanned

development

Increase in institutional capacity for coordinated basin management

6.2.2 Mitigation / Enhancement Measures

Most of the significant environmental impacts of the project can be addressed at the design

phase, which is mainly the responsibility of the Design Engineers. The location of various

interventions, nature of construction technology etc. predominantly determine the

environmental implications of the project. Despite having examples of other similar projects,

the exact quantum of environmental impacts cannot be predicted at times. Hence, the

efficacy of the design will finally be tested only when the results of follow up monitoring

become available. The Design Engineers must also add all features for safety of the workers

during operation and maintenance.

The potential negative environmental and social impacts of the design phase will easily be

mitigated through well-coordinated efforts.

The various surveys to be carried out should be planned in a way that maximum information

could be obtained through mobilizing minimum survey teams. This will help in reducing the

possible disturbance to social life. The sample collection for soil analysis should be carried

out at remote, precise locations, preferably under low wind conditions.





The most important mitigation and / or enhancement measure, however, remains

satisfactory level of inter-departmental coordination. Once the draft feasibility is ready, the

BSSIP, being the proponent, should call a meeting of all major stakeholder departments and

present the project in front of them. The meeting should discuss and finalize the role and

contribution of various departments in the project. This will be in line with the advice given

by various stakeholders during consultations.

6.2.3 Physical Intervention Stage

This will mainly entail construction of new structures and rehabilitating the existing

structures.

The catchment management through new interventions will introduce direct significant

interventions aimed at better managing the available flows in Porali River. The interventions

planned under this component are expected to be environmentally and socially positive

overall, without significant adverse environmental and social impacts. These include water

storage dams and other small civil works on perennial and / or flood irrigation schemes,

intended to reduce erosion and slow down stream runoffs.

Rehabilitation of Water related Infrastructure aims at mitigating risks from droughts and

floods. Upgrading and rehabilitation of some existing infrastructure including bifurcation and

trifurcation structure and weirs etc. will be part of this component.

Following activities and concerns are expected at the physical intervention stage:

Contractor mobilization and Establishment of campsite and machinery/ equipment Yard

Transportation of construction material

Excavation, backfilling and compaction works

6.3 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AT CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The construction phase of the project might result in a number of environmental aspects

that are identified in this section. Activities that have been perceived as potential sources of

these environmental concerns are also discussed. These environmental aspects may create

temporary hazards of moderate significance to the environmental resources of the project

area during the project construction phase. However, if managed properly these activities

will not pose any threat to the environment.

The main responsibilities for mitigation during the construction phase of the project rest

with contractors appointed to construct the various interventions. The Clients’ Site Manager

will however, have the responsibility for monitoring the implementation of mitigation plans

by the contractors and will need to implement his own system of internal checks to ensure

them.

In order to avoid creation of misunderstandings regarding who is responsible for particular

activities recommended for the construction phase, the mitigation measures (in the form of





a plan) to be taken should be appended to tender documents. This will ensure that

contractors include the cost of migratory actions into their bids and will provide a reliable

mechanism for enforcement. In fact, most of the recommended actions involve no or very

little capital investment, but it depends on the contractor’s management to adopt a

responsible attitude to environmental protection; ensuring construction activity is properly

planned and migratory actions are correctly implemented.

6.3.1 Environmental, Social or Ecological Disturbance due to Non-compliance of EMMP

This EIA document attempts to enlist all major potential impacts of the project, and their

likely mitigations. These impacts and mitigations will be presented in the form of an

Environmental Management & Monitoring Plan in the next chapter of this document. During

the stakeholder consultation meeting with EPA (B), they strongly mentioned the need to

establish a formal mechanism to monitor project progress in terms of environmental

compliance.

Once the project construction starts, and through its operations phase, the most likely

source of environmental or social impact could be non-compliance of EMMP by the

concerned entities; whether willingly or otherwise.

Mitigation / Enhancement Measures:

The project proponent will hire an independent monitoring consultant firm, for regular

monitoring of the project. The firm will submit progress and monitoring report, as per EPA

and EMMP requirements, on monthly basis during construction phase. The frequency of

monitoring will gradually become lower during operations. Still, quarterly monitoring and

progress reporting is reported during the initial 1 ½ years of operations. Later, it could

become biennial if the EPA agrees.

The proponent will also formulate a Project Steering Committee which will review the

project progress on periodic basis. This SC will comprise of a senior representative from the

various line departments as mentioned in the chapter on Stakeholder Consultation. The SC

will also include at least one technical expert from R&D institutions (either from academia or

international NGOs e.g. IUCN / WWF).

Social Disturbance due to poor Expectation Management:

More than any major impact on the physical or biotic environment in the real terms, the

proposed project may cause social impact due to misperceptions or poor expectation

management. During the various surveys, it was found that the general population is quite

disappointed by the performance of government departments. However, it was encouraging

to note that people were not too skeptic about the potential benefits of the proposed

project.

It should be noted that in the past, unfulfilled expectations from many mega projects have

contributed greatly to the disillusionment of the Baloch population. Many stakeholders





believe this to be a major contributing factor towards the current volatile law & order

situation in the province of Balochistan.

If the expectations of area people are not kept at a realistic level; and then those realistic

expectations are not met, the project will cause negative social impact. Under extreme

circumstances, this may lead to acts of sabotage even.


The pubic consultation carried out for this EIA assignment is good first step in the direction

of expectation management. The project proponent should make formal arrangement for

continued communication and engagement with local stakeholders, in the form of a

community engagement cell. The cell will also serve as the grievance redressed mechanism

for the project. The prime responsibility of this cell will be to keep the community informed

about project facts in a proactive manner. This cell will be headed by a senior officer of the

proponent department. This cell will have due weightage in the project decision making

process.

Air Quality:

During construction period, the impacts on air quality are mainly due to material movement

and the actual construction activities. Due to loading/unloading and stocking of construction

material, the air quality over the immediate influence area will be affected and the PM levels

in ambient air might increase, though not in significant levels. The emissions from diesel

generator sets, construction equipment and vehicles may deteriorate the air quality in the

area.

The atmospheric pollution and pollution causing activities during the construction phase are

as follows:

Transportation of construction and excavated material to and from the site in diesel

fueled trucks would cause the production of combustion gases (CO, CO2, NOx, SOx).

Considering the scale of construction, the scarce population, and relatively clean

environment, moderate impact is expected from this activity. However, the emissions

would be of temporary nature.

Considerable amount of dust would be generated from slope cutting activity and also

from other activities such as site clearance, excavation and transportation of excavated

and construction material and concrete batching, but its effect would be of localized and

temporary nature. The possibility of excessive dust generation may be reduced by

adopting the best construction practices, precautions such as periodic watering,

covering of construction material and usage of low emission equipment’s during

construction. Therefore, the impact is rated as temporary and low.





The concrete mixer used during concreting also causes above mentioned emissions. Due

to moderate scale of construction and frequency of the operation, the impact of

emissions is also assessed to be temporary and moderate.


In order to reduce the airborne dust emissions in the construction area due to material

transport and construction activities, provisions will be made for sprinkling of water in

the area where earth filling and excavation is being carried out. It will be ensured that

the construction debris is removed daily.

During windy conditions stockpiles of fine material will be wetted or covered with

plastic.

PPEs such as dust masks will be made available to the construction workers at the site to

avoid potential health hazards.

Idling of delivery trucks or other equipment will not be permitted during periods of

unloading or when they are not in active use.

In no case, loose earth will be allowed to pile up along the approach roads.

All vehicles and other equipment’s used during construction will be properly and

regularly tuned and maintained.

All permanently deployed vehicles exhausts will be monitored against NEQS.





Water Quality:

Surface Water: The construction of the proposed project may have significant impact on the

surface water quality of the area. The impact may be in the form of increased turbidity of

water streams, and also from potential discharge of anthropogenic or construction wastes

into the streams. The activity that may cause impact on surface water is mainly washing of

construction equipment and machinery. This will not only put additional burden on already

scarce water resources, but will also result in discharge of wastewater. In the absence of the

sewage drainage system, this wastewater will ultimately find its way into the same water

resource.

Contamination to receiving water bodies may also result due to spilling of construction

materials. There may be increase in the turbidity levels due to the surface runoff from the

construction sites. Considering the fact that construction will mainly be on the water bodies,

and also the scale of construction for water storage dams, the significance of impact is

assessed as moderate.

Ground Water: Earth works like soil excavation is the only construction activity that may

affect groundwater resources, but as the groundwater table is quite low and groundwater

extraction is not proposed for the construction activities of the project either, no impacts are

envisaged on the groundwater quality. Ground water pollution can take place, if chemical

substances and oily waste get leached by precipitation of water and percolate to the ground

water table.

Mitigation / Enhancement Measures

The construction activities such as excavation and earth filling and construction of

embankment will be scheduled during non-monsoon season.

Surplus earth will be transported from the construction site and no other disposal will be

allowed.

Spillage of fuel/oils and other construction materials shall be contained with best

handling/construction practices and strict skilled supervision.

Appropriate sanitation and water supply facilities will be provided in the labor camps.

Soil Stability & Erosion:

Significant excavation and slope cutting is expected for the project to negotiate level

differences.

Following is the cut/fill volume of 03 proposed Dams of Porali





Table 6.1: Cut / Fill Volume of 03 Proposed Dams

DAMS Cut Volume

m3

Fill Volume

m3

Bambri 49,575 106,249

Kharrari 23,759 386,903.5

Kud 239,532.8 949,652.9

Besides the storage dams, significant excavation will be needed for PIS and FIS.

While every effort should be made to minimize the excavation by optimal utilization of the

existing contours, the cutting and filling operations may lead to erosion due to loosening of

topsoil. Excavation of soil may alter the topography and may also lead to soil erosion.

Considering the scale of project “high” impacts are envisaged.


Excavation and cutting of rocks will change the local topography and may lead to erosion

due to removal of topsoil. As the project area receives moderate rainfall during monsoons,

control of soil erosion may be important.

Erosion control measures such as ramming of topsoil immediately after excavation and

silt controls will be provided to minimize erosion.

Construction work will not be carried out during monsoon.

It will be ensured that no soil is left unconsolidated after completion of work.

Photographic record will be maintained for pre-project, during-construction and post-

construction condition of the sites.

The environmental monitoring during the project execution will ensure compliance to the

above mitigation measures and their adequacy, as well as significance of the residual

impacts.

Soil Contamination:

Soil may be contaminated as a result of fuel/oils/chemicals spillage and leakage, and

inappropriate disposal. The waste would be generated from site clearance, excavation,

concrete batching, concrete conveyance and construction of substructures and

superstructures. The generated solid waste would be in the form of;

Excavated soil,

Residual from construction material (construction debris etc), and

Residual from equipment cleaning (oiled rags, used oil, worn out spare parts etc).





Domestic solid waste from labor camp

Appropriate construction practices and management actions as mitigation measures will

greatly minimize the soil contamination potential. The significance of the residual impacts is

therefore expected to be ‘low’.


The surplus soil from the excavation activity may be reused within the site or recycled to

other intervention sites.

Clearance waste and construction debris should be sent to designated landfill site while

waste from equipment cleaning and maintenance should be segregated and stored in

color coded containers, these can be resold or reprocessed. No accumulation of solid

waste at site shall be allowed.

Ambient Noise:

During baseline survey, the recorded ambient noise level was found to vary between 51 to

60 db. When the project activities would start, it is very likely that the existing noise level

would be amplified.

The major sources of noise pollution during construction activities would be during slope

cutting, excavation, loading, transportation, loading/unloading of materials and operation of

construction equipment etc. The vibrators used for concreting also produce noise. The

amplified noise levels will be temporary in nature and easily mitigated. At most of the

intervention sites, there are no major sensitive receptors except for some native reptiles

that may inhabit the proposed sites.

During construction phase, the increase in traffic may also lead to increase in noise levels. As

mentioned, the increase in noise level during construction activities would be of temporary

nature and would fade away with the completion of the project.


Enhanced noise levels could be prevented and mitigated by careful planning of machinery

operations, use of low noise equipments and scheduling of operations only during the

daytime in order to reduce these levels.

Though the impact of noise may be of temporary nature and low significance, the following

measures shall be considered and implemented.

Construction contract will clearly specify the use of equipment emitting noise of not

greater than 75 dB (A) for the eight hour operation shift.

High noise emitting equipments if any will be fitted with noise reduction devices such as

mufflers and silencers wherever possible.

For protection of construction workers, earplugs will be provided to those working very

close to the noise generating machinery.





High noise emitting equipments if any will be used during regular working hours so as to

reduce the potential of creating a noise nuisance during the night.

Slope Cutting activity will be carried out during fixed hours (preferably during mid-day).

The timing should be made known to all the people within 500m from the site in all

directions.

Regular inspection and maintenance of the construction vehicles and equipment will be

carried out.

Replacement of worn out and noise producing parts of construction machinery will be

timely done.

In case of severe noise, sound barriers will be used to avoid dispersion of sound waves

into the nearby community.

Flora:

No rare, endangered or endemic terrestrial plant species were observed during the site visit.

Most proposed intervention sites are almost barren, however, there are few local flora

species, of which some will need to be chopped-off. However, the number of trees or bushes

to be cut is insignificant compared to the expanse of the whole project area. Furthermore,

the project operation will more than compensate for any loss of flora by providing a much

more conducive environment. It was observed from the field survey that any special floral

and faunal species does not exist at proposed project site. The impacts on floral status of the

proposed site are not significant because of various factors which include low magnitude of

anticipated change, effective management practices at the design stage and inclusion of

pollution prevention strategies during the operation stage.

Hence, the significance of the impact on flora from project construction activity is

considered low. Plantation around the project interventions will improve the ecology and

aesthetics of the surroundings.


Patches of grass and shrubs are envisaged to be cleared off in the proposed project

alignment.

Compensatory plantation will be carried out with a lag of 3 to 4 months from the start of

the work near the project site, in coordination with the forest department.

Plant species suitable for the area will be planted at the onset of monsoon season. The

plants will be provided with adequate protection from animals and proper monitoring

will be carried out to ensure their growth.





Fauna:

During the establishment of baseline environmental studies, no endangered, threatened, or

otherwise sensitive faunal species were found to occur on the project site. Similarly, no

special status of wildlife and aquatic faunal species are reported from the project site.

However, the overall basin has low population density and characteristics of wildlands.

Wildlife has been reported in and around the proposed project’s area of influence. The

construction activity will result in disturbance to, and small scale loss of, wildlife habitats.

However, the impact is likely to be small and wildlife will be able to adjust its niche using its

intrinsic phenol tic plasticity.


No engineered mitigations are needed for protection of fauna during construction stage. At

the administrative level, the construction contractor will be responsible to provide necessary

awareness to its workers as to how to handle any “chance encounter” with fauna and

wildlife during construction. Under no circumstances, hunting or preying of animals will be

allowed to the contractors’ workers in and around the project area.

Land Acquisition:

Construction of various civil works might require land acquisition. In most of proposed

interventions, land requirement is minimal and should be fulfilled through Government

lands. No private land acquisition requirement is envisaged at this stage.


Use of any private lands, or lands traditionally held or used by communities should be

avoided in the project. The current level of design details clearly indicates that no such lands

will be required. However, in case private land acquisition becomes unavoidable at any

stage, the acquisition will be carried out under the relevant laws as given in Chapter 3 of this

report. Also, the acquisition process will follow the general guidelines for land acquisition as

stipulated in the Environmental & Social Management Framework, developed previously for

this project.

Socio-economic Conditions:

There are no sites of religious, cultural or historical importance near the proposed

intervention sites. The project does not involve any loss of land or property and therefore no

significant negative impact on socio-economic setting in this respect is expected due to the

proposed project. There is a mausoleum of religious importance for local people on the way

to the proposed site of Kud Dam. But this site is almost 3 km downstream of the proposed

site.

The construction activity would involve people of labor class frequenting the area for the

entire length of construction period. The surrounding residential area is inhabited by people

who associate very closely with a certain set of cultural values. The area being a part of a





rural setup, it is quite uncommon for residents to experience and easily adjust to the

presence of outsiders in their areas for any length of time.

An anticipated positive impact on socio-economic conditions during construction phase is

the creation of limited-time employment opportunity for the local population. Since the

project interventions will require substantial input from manual labor, even people with

relatively lower levels of education or skills could get short term employment.

Another positive impact will be creation of other small scale income generation

opportunities, e.g. tuck shops, tea shops or mechanics.


In case, people from outside the area are engaged in the construction or operation of the

project activities, this might result in cultural conflict with the local communities. Therefore,

it is imperative to engage local work force as much as possible, and also develop and

implement a strong community communication and participation plan.

The contractor will be liable to engage at least 50% of its required (unskilled) labor force

from within or around the project area.

It is highly recommended that the project proponent include some CSR measures specifically

for the tail-end population. This population is mostly engaged with fishing and will not reap

agriculture related benefits envisaged from the project. During public consultations, people

from these villages mentioned lack of potable water as a major issue. Some stakeholders

suggested that storage and supply of potable water to the communities of Dam and Bheera

will greatly enhance the social acceptability of the project.

Health & Safety:

Various activities during the construction phase of the project could have health & safety

impacts on workers and the people living in the nearby vicinity.

The activities such as loading and unloading of excavated soil and construction material will

be expected during the construction phase of the project. Workers safety would be at risk if

they are not adequately trained. The impact on worker safety will be direct and of moderate

significance.

During the construction of sub and superstructure, activities such as fabrication, installation

of formwork, installation of scaffoldings could have serious safety risks to the workers. The

use of heavy machinery and vehicle is expected during the excavation and transportation

activities. The safety of workers is of prime concern while dealing with such machineries and

vehicles. The probability of such accident at project site is low but the significance might be

of moderate nature.






During the construction phase, as the project involves slope cutting and excavation in the

hilly portion, the construction work requires careful planning and precautionary measures,

this will include the following.

Usage of heavy machinery will be planned carefully and only skilled persons will be

allowed to operate the equipment.

Provisions of proper signboards and informing the local people about the activity will be

important. In addition, personal protection equipment such as helmets, gloves, dust

masks, boots and earmuffs etc will be provided for the workers.

Adequate water supply and sanitation facilities will be provided in the labor camps

Caution signboards for the road users and surrounding people will be provided to avoid

any accidents at the work site.

In case of traffic diversions, proper signboards will be provided sufficiently ahead of the

work site.

6.4 OPERATIONS STAGE

This will be the stage where major impacts, both positive and negative, can surface, and the

earlier predictions could be validated. This stage will comprise of commissioning the

rehabilitated and new interventions. Most important component of this stage would be the

filling of water storage dams; especially that on the Kud River. While the operations stage

entails mostly engineering activities, it has an equally important requirement of inter-

departmental departmental coordination, for harvesting the full potential of positive

impacts of the project.

Following activities are expected at the operations stage:

Commissioning of rehabilitated and new interventions

Filling of water storage reservoirs

Formation of inter-departmental coordination mechanism

Formation and engagement of third party monitoring arrangement

Besides the above, following concerns might arise due to untoward events:

Conflicts caused by unavailability or improper distribution of irrigation water in the area

Breaching of main canal

Use of irrigation water for drinking purposes and vice versa





6.4.1 Potential Impacts at Operations Phase

Water Availability:

As per the feasibility calculations, almost 1,022 million m3 water is available on average per

annum. During the wet season, as much as 2,010 million m3 could be available while only

10% of this volume is available during dry season. The excess water stored during wet years

will be accessible during dry years. The existing water needs are the following:

Table 6.2: Existing Water Needs

Use Volume Required million cubic meters

Domestic 13.4

Irrigation 56

Livestock 1.1

Total 70.5

It is evident that in any given year, there is theoretically sufficient amount of water available

to cater to the above mentioned requirements. However, since the water flow is

unregulated and there is no arrangement for storage, the available water just passes

through in the form of flash floods – many a times annual required quantities flowing and

draining within a week. Therefore, the proposed project will basically ensure a more

regulated flow of water so that it could be utilized more properly. People of the area will

have adequate water for their use, for most of the year.


It is obvious that more consistent and regulated availability of water will be a beneficial

outcome. To further improve the situation, the previously recommended project steering

committee could play a key role. The irrigation department, being the proponent of the

project, provides information to the SC and the department concerned with supplying

potable water to the project area, specially downstream users. As previously mentioned,

many area people mentioned the need for potable water storage arrangements for tail-end

localities. Once the consistent availability of water is assured, the water supply agency could

make potable water storage arrangements.

Recharge of Ground Water:

Improvement of existing schemes and development of new schemes will help in harvesting

the surface runoff, by increasing the contact time between the water and the river bed to

facilitate infiltration. This will improve the groundwater recharge and reduce the runoff into

the sea. The storage dams are expected to significantly increase ground water recharge. The

total estimated recharge is expected to be 18% more than the current recharge, as

calculated with the help of ARC-SWAT software.





Table 6.3: Recharge of Ground Water

Sub Basin

PRE-PROJECT SCENARIO EXPECTED POST-PROJECT

SCENARIO

GW Recharge MCM GW Recharge MCM

WADH 13.300 15.700

TIBBI JHAL 18.900 22.300

KUD 19.400 22.900

PING JHAL 4.370 5.160

ARANJI JHAL 4.930 5.810

KULRI NAI 5.050 5.960

TADAR KAUR 4.500 5.310

KANIKI NAI 4.650 5.490

GAJRI NAI 5.540 6.540

KHANKO NAI 4.700 5.550

KHARRARI NAI 9.720 11.500

LAKHRA 2.090 2.470

LASRA 1.870 2.210


This is a positive impact. No specific mitigation or enhancement measures are needed at this

stage.

Water Quality:

Groundwater quality is also expected to improve as long as the impounded water is

safeguarded from contamination. Quality of water is as important as that of its quantity.

Water in the storage dams will primarily be rainfall runoff drained from different land use of

the catchment. Hence the recharge of this water may change the hydro chemical

characteristics of the resident groundwater. It should be noted that there is nominal

agricultural activity in and around most proposed intervention sites, therefore the leachate

is unlikely to contain any harmful chemicals. In fact, it may even dilute the naturally





occurring unwanted elements in the groundwater through dilution. In a few similar regional

projects10, studies have found that the regulated water flow (through check dams) had

improved the groundwater quality and even reduced the concentrations of toxic ions such as

arsenic, fluoride and boron due to the dilution.

Another possible contamination source is the human population. Currently, the areas

around the sites of proposed interventions are very sparsely populated. However, with more

assured water availability, the area will attract more people, putting burden on the surface

water quality which may also lead to degradation of ground water. However, it is only a

distant possibility. Even so, it will not have a major impact on ground water quality.

Nevertheless, surface water quality impairment could be an issue.


Since the likely impact on ground water quality is low, no major mitigation is required at this

stage.

Release of domestic sewage into the surface water streams will need to be controlled in a

gradual manner. Soak pits and septic tanks should be constructed in the existing human

settlements around proposed intervention sites. Though this is not under the mandate of

Irrigation department, it could be made a part of the project through the proposed Steering

Committee.

The project IMC will include monitoring of population density around the proposed

interventions and streams. The sufficiency of soak pits / septic tanks vis-à-vis population size

in each settlement will be commented upon in each progress report.

Reforestation in the Vicinity of the Proposed Interventions:

During the initial surveys, it has been observed that there is very little vegetation and

practically no trees in the surrounding area. After the completion of the project and the

storage of some rainwater, the local community may launch efforts to plant trees and other

greenery throughout the area. This reforestation can substantially improve the local

environmental condition. The trees can also be also used for construction purposes and as

fuel.

The Forest department also showed keen interest in plantation alongside water channels,

once the water flow regime is regulated, so that the plants can have the required amount of

water and also not blown away by the floods. The total channel length will be around 280

km. Based on the general standard of 33 trees per km, a total of 18,500 trees could be

planted only along the water channels. This is equivalent to 17 hectares of block plantation.

The overall development of rangeland will be in addition to that. This gives an excellent

opportunity to develop a Carbon sink in the area.

However, availability of water may lead to false perceptions of abundance, resulting in

introduction of water intensive species. As stated elsewhere in this report, in some portions

10

Mudrakartha (2003)





of project area where tube well is used for irrigation, water intensive crops like banana are

grown. This is not a sustainable practice.


It needs to be ensured that the planted species are suitable for the local environmental

conditions, in all respects. Therefore, it is vital to take the forest department onboard from

the very outset. All plantation activities under the project will be spearheaded by the Forest

department, through its representation in the proposed SC. It will ensure that no unwanted

species are introduced into the area.

Project IMC will monitor tree plantation activities by the community and will include a

section on it in the periodic progress reports.

Area under cultivation:

The cultivated area currently is very low; amounting to less than 2% of the total Porali basin

area. The reason for this low level of cultivation is poorly distributed rainfall and absence of

perennial water streams (either natural or man-made). In the villages within direct vicinity of

proposed interventions, the total area under cultivation is around 5,400 ha for Kharif crop

that goes down to 2,400 ha during the Rabi crop. One of the key factors is that the area lacks

a dependable irrigation system despite having the potential for one.

Hence it is safe to assume that the proposed project will increase the area under cultivation.

It is difficult to estimate the extent of this increase, but due to the fact that the current land

utilization for agriculture is very low, it could be deduced that the increase will be

substantial.


The project area is very large with low population density. Therefore, competing land uses

could be easily accommodated.

One thing that will need to be monitored is that additional area under cultivation should be

used for crops suitable to the overall climatic conditions of the area.

Area under Tube-well irrigation:

Availability of fix rate electricity has grossly facilitated the switching over of irrigation

systems to tube-well pumping. As per irrigation sources (Irrigation Department 2012), an

area of 9,686 ha in Khuzdar and 13,825 ha

in Lasbela is under tube well irrigation. It is

estimated that at least 30% of this

Tubewell irrigated area in Khuzdar and 60%

in Lasbela District lies within the

boundaries of PRB.

The situation of groundwater in southern

parts of PRB is better, with the exception of





the coastal areas, but rapid depletion of ground water has started where intensive tube well

irrigation is practiced for cultivation of banana, vegetable and other high delta crops.

The use of irrigation water per unit area is generally high and is quite inefficient due to

significant wastage. This has implications not only for ground water depletion but also for

extra consumption of electricity or diesel for tube wells and increase in cost of production.

The proposed project will contribute to an increase in the area under surface water

irrigation, which is vital for a dry region like the PRB. This will reduce the burden on

groundwater sources and will help in eliminating unsustainable harvesting of this important

natural resource.


No specific mitigation or enhancement measure is required at this stage.

Change in Cropping Pattern:

The major crops cultivated currently are wheat, cotton, bajra, jowar and maize. After the

farms are irrigated by the water available through the proposed project, some new crops

may be cultivated, such as vegetables including chili, tomato, ladyfinger, potato, onion, and

round gourd. Besides this, the production and yield of crops already under cultivation will

increase.

During the survey of project area conducted by consultant’s team it was observed that most

local farmers give priority to grow those crops that have low water dependence. However,

farmers of some sub basins like Lakhra are growing high value crops including banana, castor

oil, cotton and rice. These are grown on tube well being water intensive. It shows that the

land is fertile and productive enough to grow these crops. On the other hand farmers also

have good perspective to grow high value crops. After the project implementation water will

be available to all the land in command area. Farmers will have option to grow high value

market intensive crops as mentioned above. In addition to being source of water, the

proposed flood protection works will also help to protect the cropped area/farmland from

flood damages. This will further encourage farmers to grow high value crops.


One thing that will need to be monitored is that any change in the cropping pattern should

be in line with the overall climatic conditions of the area.

Change in composition of animals:

The livestock observed in the area is mostly small ruminants, as these animals consume less

amount of water. Large animals are less in numbers. Buffaloes – a key source of milk and

animal protein – are entirely absent.

The current scarcity of flora and its low nutritional value is a factor that has kept livestock

productive output of this area minimal. The development of rangeland as a result of this

project will substantially improve this situation.





Similar projects in the region have shown that the numbers of animals has increased after

project implementation. It was found that animal rearing becomes an alternative source of

livelihood for the people.


Outside the purview of this project, the livestock department may take this opportunity to

develop the livestock potential of the area.

Increase in income:

Other similar projects in the region have found that the average household income increases

substantially with the construction of dams and other irrigation improvement measures. This

is mainly on account of improved crop yields, increase in the number of animals, and

availability of other occupational opportunities.

A research project was undertaken by Redlich (2010) in Nagda, Ujjain District, Madhya

Pradesh, India to assess the socio economic impacts of check dam upon the lives of farmers

around the structure. The farmers narrated that they could get additional earnings due to

assured water supplies and they could reinvest the income back into the farming. The

additional disposal income also led to improved educational opportunities, health care

treatment etc.


The periodic project monitoring could keep the level of disposal income of the beneficiary

population as a parameter for monitoring. If this potential improvement trend could be

tracked, other community development measures e.g. schools etc. could be introduced into

the area at the right time.

Social Uplift of Women:

The proposed project is expected to have both direct and indirect impacts on the current

social status of women. In terms of direct benefit, the women will not need to fetch water

from long distances any more. But indirect impacts will be more far reaching, resulting from

a general improvement in living conditions.


No specific mitigation or enhancement measure is required at this stage.

In-migration of Outsiders:

The inhabitants of the project area may be generally described as a rather secluded and

conservative social group. In case, people from outside the area are engaged in the

construction or operation of the project activities, this might result in cultural conflict with

the local communities.

More reliable water availability will also attract people from other nearby areas to the

project area. Since the population in the vicinity of direct project interventions is low, any

small scale influx of outsiders may have a significant impact.






It is imperative to engage local work force as much as possible.

The proponent will also develop and implement a strong community communication and

participation plan, through its community engagement cell.

Poor Governance:

The pros and cons of impact of a check dam on livelihood were identified by Ashraf et al.

(2007) in Pakistan. Illegal taping of water, non-functional water use associations, leakage,

improper maintenance of structure, broken outlets, and poorly maintained field channels

resulted in unequal utilization of water in the check dam. Need for an integrated programme

was emphasized for effective utilization of available water to get maximum benefit to the

people.


The proposed project is an integrated irrigation program. The proponent will also facilitate it

to become an integrated community development program through formal structure of SC

and through the community engagement cell. Timely and correct sharing of information will

enable other line departments to implement their own development schemes in the area.

Poor Maintenance:

Efficiency of the system will be at its best by adopting proper maintenance activities such as

silt removal and bed scratching at periodical intervals.

The proposed project aims to bring in few new interventions while refurbishing few old and

existing ones. A cursory examination of existing non-functional structures clearly indicates

that such structures were rendered useless either by design deficiencies or because of poor

maintenance, as given below:

Bambri Dam - damaged during 2010 Flood, the capacity of the spillway did not cater the

discharge and the water overtopped the dam wall. The breaching of the dam results in the

enormous destruction at downstream. The divide wall and RCD Highway was damaged.

Kharrari Dam - it was planned to construct the dam wall of crest length 2500 ft, of which

1500 ft was constructed but the construction was stopped in the year 1994 because of the

lack of funds. The portion of the spillway is also constructed. The project was funded by the

federal government. The proposed location of the dam by TCI is 800 meter upstream of the

existing location that was proposed by Irrigation department.

Uthal Khantra - There is existing weir along with the irrigation channel (Zamindara) at the

downstream of the proposed location. Gated sluice channel also exists whose winching

system is out of order. The system was designed as a flood irrigation scheme in the year

1964.





Titian - The right side of the Titian weir and the marginal bund was washed away in the

2010. Before the destruction, the weir was served as flood irrigation scheme as well as water

supply scheme for Lyari and Siranda Lake. The weir had canals at its both sides.

Phat Gidri - At the downstream of the proposed location, the weir divides the river into 3

canals. From left to right 1st is Phat with bed width of 16 ft and design discharge of 4000

cusecs. 2nd is Gidri which has bed width of 36 ft and design discharge of 6000 cusecs and the

3rd one is Lakhra with a bed width of 87 ft with the design discharge 14000 cusecs. It has a

sharp turn at the downstream of the weir with a baffle wall. Presently, because of sharp

curves and bend in Lakhra, there is a lot of erosion and silting in the river. Hydraulically, the

system is totally a failure.

Nurg Hingri Diversion Weir - There is an existing structure of trifurcation in the main Porali

river which has a width of 472 m. it divides the river into 3 channels. Hingri, has a bed width

of 46 m. The second channel name is Nurg, it has a bed width of 66 m. The third one is the

Porali, which has bed width is 360 m. The existing stone masonry weir has been damaged at

many locations.


The BSSIP will develop and implement a proactive maintenance plan for the proposed

project, with predefined periodicity.

The IMC team will be liable to visit each proposed intervention in every monitoring mission,

and report on its maintenance status.

Altered Flows to Miani Horr:

Radically altered flood regimes may also have negative impacts. Flood waters are important

for fisheries both in the river and particularly in the downstream estuary of Miani Horr.

Floods trigger spawning and migration and carry nutrients to coastal waters. Controlled

floods may result in a reduction of groundwater recharge via flood plains and a loss of

seasonal or permanent wetlands.

The sensitivity of the project on Mangrove ecosystem at Miani Hor has also been assessed;

the inhabitants consider the proposed project to minimize the destructive ephemeral flow of

Porali , which often resulted in destruction and damage. The project will minimize the

destructive behavior of the flow. Since the water pouring at the mouth of Porali is not

characterized as perennial; therefore its impact in contributing the health of mangrove

ecosystem has marginal significance. The cause of ecosystem degradation was identified as

heavy eoline shift of sand in the area (Saifullah etal 2002)


The project will not have any significant negative impact on the Miani Hor wetland. In fact,

area people and technical experts believe it will have a positive impact on the marine

ecology of the wetland. Therefore, no mitigation measure is required.





Changes to River Morphology:

Changes to the river morphology may result because of changes to the sediment carrying

capacity of the flood waters. This may be either a positive or negative impact.

The operation of proposed project offers excellent opportunities to mitigate the potential

negative impacts of changes to flood flows. The designation of flood plains may also be a

useful measure that allows groundwater recharge and reduces peak discharges

downstream. This is one of the positive functions of many areas of wetland. Upstream water

regulation might result in disruptions to aquatic life and the fishing patterns of local

communities in downstream Miani Hor.

Normally the irrigation system interferes with the nature; causing obstructions at different

site and offering unequal opportunities to the beneficiaries including biodiversity; however

this applies for a system which flow on perennial basis, but Porali system does not offer such

regular service.


No mitigation measure required at this stage.

Disturbance to Natural Drainage Pattern:

New irrigation infrastructure might hinder and adversely affect the natural drainage pattern.

This will result in localized flooding. This may also lead to water use rights issues later on.


The proposed structures and channels are aligned with natural slope. Canals and super-

passages should be provided on canals where necessary at the detailed design stage.

Restriction on open-access grazing:

The proposed project is expected to increase the area under cultivation. Also, it will convert

some seasonal water ways into quasi-perennial ones. Further, it will inundate some patches

of land at three places for construction of storage dams. All these activities will cause some

restriction on the current grazing practices that are entirely on open access basis.

However, the impact will be very low, because the area to be directly used for project

physical infrastructure is negligible compared to the overall expanse of the PRB. With most

water ways remaining along the existing natural drainage pattern, it is also not likely to

cause disturbance to traditional routes either.


The current species of flora being used as feed by the livestock are of relatively inferior

value. Implementation of proposed project will improve the diversity of flora in the region.

On a more formal note, the project will provide an opportunity to the forest department to

develop the area as a rangeland. This will help local livestock rearing industry and will more

than make up for any lost grazing accesses.





Enhanced / induced use of fertilizers & pesticides:

The proposed project is expected to increase the area under cultivation. Currently there is

almost 222,000 ha under cultivation in the PRB. The per ha use of fertilizers is the following:

Table 6.4: Per ha Use of Fertilizers

DAP 0.02 bag

Urea 0.04 bag

Potassium Nil

In terms of pesticide / insecticide sprays, the survey showed there is no practice of such

sprays in 05 sub-basins, while farmers in the other sub-basins go for 5 – 37 sprays. With

additional area under cultivation, and with better water availability for existing area,

cropping intensity will increase, resulting in an automatic increase of fertilizer and pesticides

use.

However, the impact will be low, because the current use of fertilizer is very minimal.


Concerted efforts by the department of agriculture to disseminate information regarding

sustainable use of fertilizers and insecticides will help in keeping the use at an optimal level.

Dam Safety Concerns:

The proposed project includes three water storage dams also. Details are given in the

following table:

Table 6.5: Storage of Water Dam

Location Type Capacity

(acre-ft) Remarks

Bambri Earthen 5,846 Dam existed; damaged beyond repair in 2010

Kharrari Earthen 10,130 Dam planned but left incomplete in 1994. Existing location not suitable for command area of 5,000 ha.

Kud RCC 83,199 New dam proposed on Kud, the largest tributary to PRB.

It is clear that only the Kud dam is a structure of significant size. The other two are smaller

storage dams. In case of Kud dam, an important consideration is that the gradient is

relatively high in the area. Hence flood induced erosion rates and downstream damages are

severe. While the dam will contribute into controlling the erosion and other damages, its





own structure will be subject to high pressure during floods. In case of dam breakage, the

downstream losses will be very substantial.


The proponent will get the design whetted by a third party engineering consultant for

independent verification vis-à-vis built-in safety features.

Though the size of the dams does not warrant application of ICOLD recommendations, the

same will be followed as design guidelines. Any deviation from ICOLD will be clearly spelt out

in the design documents, along with technical reasons thereof.

The design of the main dam body, spillway, off take structure, conveyance channel, river

training and auxiliary structures including washing pads, siphons etc. will be based on best

international practices.

6.4.2 Cumulative Impacts

The other impacts that are expected from the project in general are the following:

Table 6.6: Commlative Impacts


Improved water resources and basin knowledge base

Dam safety concerns with small dams

Increase in institutional capacity for coordinated basin management

Localized impacts from reduction of flows due to small-scale irrigation development

Reduction in run-off and soil erosion Removal of vegetation from construction sites.

Improved land resources management. Disturbance to and small-scale loss of wildlife habitats.

Protection of natural resources, human settlements and transport infrastructure such as bridges, and roads from excessive flooding

Soil erosion induced by earthwork or drainage.

Improved and protected wildlife habitat. Dust emissions from construction activities.

More consistent water flows in the Porali River and its tributaries.

Changes in water flows and levels.

Overall protection of ecological balance along the basin.

Changes in main channel flow regimes

Improved livelihoods through enhanced food security, nutrition and availability of disposable income.

Extraction and disposal of rocks, earth, and other construction materials.






Reduced reliance on forest resources for charcoal production and income generation.

Increased generation of both liquid and solid waste from construction works

Increased job opportunities and small businesses.

Improved sanitation and hygiene.


In order to make the proposed project entirely acceptable at the social and environmental

levels, the proponents will need to set up an institutional arrangement to steer and monitor

the project throughout the project life. This suggestions stems from concerns and comments

by various stakeholders on the same lines, specially the EPA (Balochistan) and the

community at large.

It is recommended that the project proponent formulate a steering / coordination

committee consisting of representatives from all relevant line departments and other

stakeholders. This committee should be chaired by the Secretary (Provincial Irrigation

Department); however, the members from other line departments should be from lower

cadres to ensure regular meetings.

The steering committee will not only enable smooth progress of the project, it will also help

in optimizing development efforts by various departments through integration.

Furthermore, it will also monitor the progress of the project under development

sustainability criteria.

The technical monitoring system will set up a framework to provide a systematic tracking of

key environmental/natural resources and social parameters in a spatial context across all

interventions, using modern remote sensing/earth observation knowledge products and GIS

tools. This would help in keeping track of the progress, exploring synergies/trade-offs in a

larger systems context, and outlining future needs in a more systematic manner.

For the evaluation of EMMPs compliance evaluation criteria established by Development

Assistance Committee (DAC) of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

(OECD) could be used.

6.4.3 DAC Evaluation Criteria

I. Relevance:

Was the particular mitigation measure needed in the context of the target areas?

Are the EMMP’s activities and outputs consistent with the key goals and attainment of

objectives for the proposed project?

Are the EMMP’s activities and outputs consistent with its intended impacts and effects?





II. Efficiency:

How efficiently were resources used to produce intended outputs?

How could resources have been used more efficiently?

III. Effectiveness:

To what extent did the project achieve its intended results?

What factors contributed to the achievement of intended results or the lack thereof?

IV. Impact:

What occurred as a direct result of the individual mitigation measure and the overall

EMMP?

What real difference was made to intended environmental beneficiaries?

How many people were affected?

What are the climate change impacts of the project?

What is the health benefits derived from the project?

Impact of Carbon credits in project sustainability?

What are the economic benefits?

What are the potential benefits for large scale initiatives?

V. Sustainability:

To what degree did the program/project’s benefits are likely to persist following the end

of project?

What are the major environmental and financial sustainability factors?

Which major factors are responsible for the achievements or failures of the

program/project’s overall sustainability?

What is the potential for replication?

What are the impacts on institutional linkages?





CHAPTER 7

Environmental Monitoring & Mitigation Plan

Project Phase

Impact Mitigation Responsibility

Monitoring frequency

Supervision Execution

Design

slow or no progress due to lack of coordination

Call meeting of all major stakeholder departments and present the project in front of them. The meeting should discuss and finalize the role and contribution of various departments in the project.

Secretary Irrigation

BSSIP Once

Short term impacts on air and soil quality of various surveys.

Obtain maximum information through mobilizing minimum survey teams by better planning.

BSSIP Feasibility

team Once

The sample collection for soil analysis at remote, precise locations, preferably under low wind conditions.

BSSIP Feasibility

team Once

Design without environmental considerations, leading to long term negative implications for local flora and fauna.

careful designing including location of various interventions, nature of construction technology etc.

BSSIP Design

engineers

Disturbance to local public life due to surveys.

Limited survey teams with efficent planning BSSIP

Feasibility team

Once

Strict adherence to local norms and culture by the survey teams

BSSIP Feasibility

team Once

Short term employment opportunities to some local folks during surveys. provide such opportunities as much as possible

BSSIP Feasibility

team Once

wb432825

Sticky Note

This chapter should expand on the table included in Environmental Management Monitoring Plan. The table should also include specific impacts specific to the interventions identified and not just general construction related impacts.




Project Phase



Supervision Execution C

on

stru

ctio

n

lack of resources due to miscommunication / misunderstanding of roles and responsibilities

the mitigation measures (in the form of a plan) to be taken should be appended to tender documents

Funding Agency

BSSIP Once

Environmental, Social or Ecological Disturbance due to Non-compliance of EMMP

formulate project steering committee Secretary Irrigation

BSSIP Once

hire independent monitoring consultants Funding Agency

BSSIP Once

Social Disturbance due to poor Expectation Management

formulate Community Engagement Cell for the project, mandated for continued public consultation, information dissemination and grievance redressal mechanism

SC BSSIP Monthly

Air quality degradation due to transportation of construction and excavated material to and from the site in diesel fueled trucks (CO, CO2, NOx, SOx).

Idling of delivery trucks or other equipment not to be permitted when they are not in active use.

BSSIP Contractor Monthly

All permanently deployed vehicles exhausts will be monitored against NEQS.


All vehicles and other equipments to be properly and regularly tuned and maintained.


Dust generated from slope cutting, site clearance, excavation and transportation of excavated and construction material

Sprinkling of water in the area of earth filling and excavation.


No piling of loose earth along the approach roads BSSIP Contractor Monthly




Project Phase




and concrete batching PPEs such as dust masks will be made available to the construction workers to avoid potential health hazards.


Stockpiles of fine material to be wetted or covered with plastic.


Remove construction debris daily. BSSIP Contractor Monthly

Surface water degradation and increased turbidity of water streams, from potential discharge of anthropogenic or construction wastes into the streams.

The construction activities to be scheduled only during non-monsoon season.


Surplus earth will be transported from the construction site and no other disposal will be allowed


Spillage of fuel/oils and other construction materials shall be contained with best handling/construction practices and strict skilled supervision.


Appropriate sanitation and water supply facilities in the labor camps.


cutting and filling operations may lead to erosion due to loosening of topsoil.

Minimize the excavation by optimal utilization of the existing contours

Design engineers

Contractor Monthly

Excavation of soil may alter the topography and may also lead to soil erosion.

Erosion control measures such as ramming of topsoil immediately after excavation and silt controls


No soil is left unconsolidated after completion of work. BSSIP Contractor Monthly




Project Phase




Photographic record will be maintained for pre-project, during-construction and post-construction condition of the sites.

BSSIP IMC Monthly

Soil contamination due to fuel/oils/chemicals spillage and leakage, and inappropriate disposal.

Surplus soil from excavation will be reused within the site or recycled to other intervention sites.


Waste from equipment cleaning and maintenance will be segregated and stored in color coded containers, these can be resold or reprocessed.


Soil contamination due to waste from site clearance, excavation, concrete batching, concrete conveyance and construction of substructures and superstructures.

No accumulation of solid waste at site shall be allowed. BSSIP Contractor Monthly

Clearance waste and construction debris will be sent to designated landfill site


Noise pollution during construction

Construction contract will clearly specify the use of equipment emitting noise of not greater than 75 dB (A) for the eight hour operation shift.

Funding Agency

BSSIP Once

High noise emitting equipments if any will be fitted with noise reduction devices such as mufflers and silencers wherever possible.


Earplugs to construction workers BSSIP Contractor Monthly

Noisy activities only during day time with fixed schedule and prior information to nearby communities; No noisy





Project Phase




activities during night times

Regular inspection and maintenance of equipment and vehicles


Patches of grass and shrubs to be cleared off during site preparation

Compensatory plantation will be carried out with a lag of 3 to 4 months from the start of the work near the project site, in coordination with the forest department.

SC Forest

department quarterly

Plant species suitable for the area will be planted

Forest Department

Forest department

quarterly

Disturbance to fauna and wildlife including killing

necessary awareness to workers to handle any “chance encounter” with fauna and wildlife.


Under no circumstances, hunting or preying of animals will be allowed to the workers.


Social issues due to influx of labor develop and implement a strong community communication and participation plan.

Funding Agency

BSSIP quarterly

Social considerations of tail-end population

storage and supply of potable water to the communities of Dam and Bheera

Planning Deptt

Water Supply Agency

quarterly

Income generation / job opportunties to local population

engage at least 50% of required (unskilled) labor force from within or around the project area


Disturbance to sites of religious location of all intervention sites at a safe distance from BSSIP Design Once




Project Phase




importance any sites of religious importance Engineers

Health & Safety Issues during construction

Usage of heavy machinery will be planned carefully and only through skilled persons


Provisions of proper signboards. PPEs for the workers. BSSIP Contractor Monthly

Adequate water supply and sanitation facilities in the labor camps


Caution signboards for the road users and surrounding people


Op

erat

ion

s

more consistent and regular water availability

Integration of development projects by other line departments

Planning Deptt

SC quarterly

Improved recharge of ground water BSSIP IMC quarterly

Groundwater quality degradation through surface seepages

Soak pits and septic tanks in human settlements around project sites

Planning Deptt

Sanitation Agency

quarterly

Monitor population density to confirm adequacy of soak pits and septic tanks

SC IMC quarterly

Reforestation in the vicinity of the proposed interventions

Ensure that the planted species are suitable for the local environmental conditions, in all respects.

Forest Department

Forest department

quarterly

Project IMC will monitor tree plantation activities by the community and will include a section on it in the

SC IMC quarterly




Project Phase




periodic progress reports.

Increase in area under cultivation Additional area under cultivation should be used for crops suitable to the overall climatic conditions of the area

Agriculture Deptt

half-yearly

Reduced burden on ground water / reduced area under tubewell irrigation

Change in Cropping Pattern any change in the cropping pattern should be in line with the overall climatic conditions of the area

Agriculture Deptt

half-yearly

Change in composition of livestock Develop livestock potential of the area

livestock department

half-yearly

Increase in income and improved quality of life

The periodic project monitoring should record the level of disposal income of the beneficiary population, in order for other community development measures e.g. schools etc. could be introduced into the area at the right time.

Planning Deptt

IMC half-yearly

Social uplift of women

Land acquisition

only government land to be used; no private or community land to be used

Revenue Deptt

BSSIP quarterly

in extreme case where private land acquisition is unavoidable, it will be done under guidelines given in ESMF

Revenue Deptt

BSSIP quarterly




Project Phase




In-migration of outsiders develop and implement a strong community communication and participation plan

SC BSSIP quarterly

Poor governance resulting in unequal utilization of water

facilitate it to become an integrated community development program through formal structure of SC and through the community engagement cell.

Planning Deptt

BSSIP quarterly

Low system efficiency due to poor maintenance

Develop and implement a proactive maintenance plan for the proposed project, with predefined periodicity.

Secretary Irrigation

BSSIP Monthly

visit each proposed intervention in every monitoring mission, and report on its maintenance status.

SC IMC quarterly

Altered Flows to Miani Horr Ensure conducive conditions for mangroves through regulated flow

SC BSSIP quarterly

Changes to River Morphology positive impact due to control on flood flows SC BSSIP quarterly

Restriction on open-access grazing Develop rangelands

forest department

half-yearly

Enhanced / induced use of fertilizers & pesticides

Disseminate information regarding sustainable use of fertilizers and insecticides to keep the use at an optimal level

Agriculture deptt

half-yearly

Dam Safety Concerns Whet the design by a third party engineering consultant for independent verification vis-à-vis built-in safety features.

Funding Agency

BSSIP Once




Project Phase




Follow ICOLD recommendations as design guidelines. Any deviation from ICOLD will be clearly spelt out in the design documents, along with technical reasons thereof.

BSSIP Design

Engineers Once

The design of the main dam body, spillway, offtake structure, conveyance channel, river training and auxiliary structures including washing pads, siphons etc. will be based on best international practices

BSSIP Design

Engineers Once

ANNEXURES

Annexure-I

Annexure-II

Pakistan Environmental Protection Act

(PEPA), 1997The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 was passed by the National Assembly of

Pakistan on September 3, 1997, and by the Senate of Pakistan on November 7, 1997. The Act

received the assent of the President of Pakistan on December 3, 1997.

The text of the Environmental Protection Act 1997 is as follows:

Act No. XXXIV of 1997An Act to provide for the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of the

environment, for the prevention and control of pollution, and promotion of sustainable

development.

Whereas it is expedient to provide for the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and

improvement of the environment, prevention and control of pollution, promotion of sustainable

development and for matters connected therewith and incidental thereto;

It is hereby enacted as follows:

1) Short Title, Extent and Commencement

(1) This Act may be called the Environmental Protection Act 1997.

(2) It extends to the whole of Pakistan.

(3) It shall come into force at once.

2) Definitions

In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context:

(i) "adverse environmental effect" means impairment of, or damage to, the environment

and includes:

(a) impairment of, or damage to, human health and safety or to biodiversity or

property;

(b) pollution; and

(c) any adverse environmental effect as may be specified in the regulation.

(ii) "agricultural waste" means waste from farm and agricultural activities including

poultry, cattle farming, animal husbandry, residues from the use of fertilizers, pesticides

and other farm chemicals;

(iii) "air pollutant" means any substance that causes pollution of air and includes soot,

smoke, dust particles, odor, light, electro-magnetic, radiation, heat, fumes, combustion

exhaust, exhaust gases, noxious gases, hazardous substances and radioactive substances;

(iv) "biodiversity" or "biological diversity" means the variability among living

organizations from all sources, including inter alia terrestrial, marine and other aquatic

ecosystems and ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity

within species, between species and of ecosystems;

(v) "council" means the Pakistan Environmental Protection Council established under

section 3;

(vi) "discharge" means spilling, leaking, pumping, depositing, seeping, releasing,

flowing out, pouring, emitting, emptying or dumping;

(vii) "ecosystem" means a dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism

communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit;

(viii) "effluent" means any material in solid, liquid or gaseous form or combination

thereof being discharged from industrial activity or any other source and includes a

slurry, suspension or vapour;

(ix) "emission standards" means the permissible standards established by the Federal

Agency or a Provincial Agency for emission of air pollutants and noise and for discharge

of effluent and waste;

(x) "environment" means-

(a) air, water and land;

(b) all layers of the atmosphere;

(c) all organic and inorganic matter and living organisms;

(d) the ecosystem and ecological relationships;

(e) buildings, structures, roads, facilities and works;

(f) all social and economic conditions affecting community life; and

(g) the inter-relationships between any of the factors in sub-clauses (a) to (f)

(xi) "environmental impact assessment" means an environmental study comprising

collection of data, prediction of qualitative and quantitative impacts, comparison of

alternatives, evaluation of preventive, mitigatory and compensatory measures,

formulation of environmental management and training plans and monitoring

arrangements, and framing of recommendations and such other components as may be

prescribed;

(xii) " Environmental Magistrate" means the Magistrate of the First Class appointed

under section 24;

(xiii) "Environmental Tribunal" means the Environmental Tribunal constituted under

section 20;

(xiv) Exclusive Economic Zone" shall have the same meaning as defined in the

Territorial Waters and Maritime Zones Act, 1976 (LXXXII of 1976);

(xv) "factory" means any premises in which industrial activity is being undertaken;

(xvi) "Federal Agency" means the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency

established under section 5, or any Government Agency, local council or local authority

exercising the powers and functions of the Federal Agency;

(xvii) "Government Agency" includes-

(a) a division, department, attached department, bureau, section, commission, board,

office or unit of the Federal Government or a Provincial Government;

(b) a development or a local authority, company or corporation established or

controlled by the Federal Government or Provincial Government;

(c) a Provincial Environmental Protection Agency; and

(d) any other body defined and listed in the Rules of Business of the Federal

Government or a Provincial Government;

(xviii) "hazardous substance" means-

(a) a substance or mixture of substance, other than a pesticide as defined in the

Agricultural Pesticide Ordinance, 1971 (II of 1971), which, by reason of its chemical

activity is toxic, explosive, flammable, corrosive, radioactive or other characteristics

causes, or is likely to cause, directly or in combination with other matters, an adverse

environmental effect; and

(b) any substance which may be prescribed as a hazardous substance;

(xix) "hazardous waste" means waste which is or which contains a hazardous substance or

which may be prescribed as hazardous waste, and includes hospital waste and nuclear waste;

(xx) "historic waters" means such limits of the waters adjacent to the land territory of

Pakistan as may be specified by notification under section 7 of the Territorial Waters and

Maritime Zones Act, 1976 (LXXXII of 1976);

(xxi) "hospital waste" includes waste medical supplies and materials of all kinds, and waste

blood, tissue, organs and other parts of the human and animal bodies, from hospitals, clinics

and laboratories;

(xxii) "industrial activity" means any operation or process for manufacturing, making,

formulating, synthesizing, altering, repairing, ornamenting, finishing, packing or otherwise

treating any article or substance with a view to its use, sale, transport, delivery or disposal, or

for mining, for oil and gas exploration and development, or for pumping water or sewage, or

for generating, transforming or transmitting power or for any other industrial or commercial

purpose;

(xxiii) "industrial waste" means waste resulting from an industrial activity;

(xxiv) "initial environmental examination" means a preliminary environmental review of

the reasonably foreseeable qualitative and quantitative impacts on the environment of a

proposed project to determine whether it is likely to cause an environmental effect for

requiring preparation of an environmental impact assessment;

(xxv) "local authority" means any agency set-up or designated by the Federal Government

or a Provincial Government by notification in the official Gazette to be a local authority for

the purposes of this Act;

(xxvi) "local council" means a local council constituted or established under a law relating

to local government;

(xxvii) "motor vehicle" means any mechanically propelled vehicle adapted for use upon

land whether its power of propulsion is transmitted thereto from an external or internal

source, and includes a chassis to which a body has not been attached, and a trailer, but does

not include a vehicle running upon fixed rails;

(xxviii) "municipal waste" includes sewage, refuse, garbage, waste from abattoirs, sludge

and human excreta and the like;

(xxix) "National Environmental Quality Standards" means standards established by the

Federal Agency under clause (e) of sub-section (1) of section 6 and approved by the Council

under clause (c) of sub-section (1) of section 4;

(xxx) "noise" means the intensity, duration and character from all sources, and includes

vibrations;

(xxxi) "nuclear waste" means waste from any nuclear reactor or nuclear or other nuclear

energy system, whether or not such waste is radioactive;

(xxxii) "person" means any natural person or legal entity and includes an individual, firm,

association, partnership, society, group, company, corporation, co-operative society,

Government Agency, non-governmental organization, community-based organization,

village organization, local council or local authority and, in the case of a vessel, the master or

other person having for the time being the charge or control of the vessel;

(xxxiii) "pollution" means the contamination of air, land or water by the discharge or

emission or effluents or wastes or air pollutants or noise or other matter which either directly

or indirectly or in combination with other discharges or substances alters unfavourably the

chemical, physical, biological, radiational, thermal or radiological or aesthetic properties of

the air, land or water or which may, or is likely to make the air, land or water unclean,

noxious or impure or injurious, disagreeable or detrimental to the health, safety, welfare or

property of persons or harmful to biodiversity;

(xxxiv) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules made under this Act;

(xxxv) "project" means any activity, plan, scheme, proposal or undertaking involving any

change in the environment and includes;

(a) construction or use of buildings or other works;

(b) construction or use of roads or other transport systems;

(c) construction or operation of factories or other installations;

(d) mineral prospecting, mining, quarrying, stone-crushing, drilling and the like;

(e) any change of land use or water use; and

(f) alteration, expansion, repair, decommissioning or abandonment of existing

buildings or other works, roads or other transport systems; factories or other

installations;

(xxxvi) "proponent" means the person who proposes or intends to undertake a project;

(xxxvii) "Provincial Agency" means a Provincial Environmental Protection Agency

established under section 8;

(xxxviii) "regulations" means regulations made under this Act;

(xxxix) "rules" means rules made under this Act;

(xl) "sewage" means liquid or semi-solid wastes and sludge from sanitary conveniences,

kitchens, laundries, washing and similar activities and from any sewerage system or sewage

disposal works;

(xli) "standards" means qualitative and quantitative standards for discharge of effluents and

wastes and for emission of air pollutants and noise either for general applicability or for a

particular area, or from a particular production process, or for a particular product, and

includes the National Environmental Quality Standards, emission standards and other

standards established under this Act and the rules and regulations made thereunder;

(xlii) "sustainable development" means development that meets the needs of the present

generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs;

(xliii) "territorial waters" shall have the same meaning as defined in the Territorial Waters

and Maritime Zones Act, 1976 (LXXXII of 1976);

(xliv) "vessel" includes anything made for the conveyance by water of human beings or of

goods; and

(xlv) "waste" means any substance or object which has been, is being or is intended to be,

discarded or disposed of, and includes liquid waste, solid waste, waste gases, suspended

waste, industrial waste, agricultural waste, nuclear waste, municipal waste, hospital waste,

used polyethylene bags and residues from the incineration of all types of waste.

3) Establishment of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Council-

(1) The Federal Government shall, by notification in the official Gazette, establish a Council to

be known as the Pakistan Environmental Protection Council consisting of;

(i)Prime Minister or such other person as the Prime Chairperson

Minister may nominate in this behalf.

(ii)Minister Incharge of the Ministry or Division Vice Chairperson

dealing with the subject of environment.

(iii) Chief Ministers of the Provinces. Members

(iv) Ministers Incharge of the subject of environment in the provinces. Members

(v) Such other persons not exceeding thirty-five as the Federal Members

Government may appoint, of which at least twenty shall be non

-official including five representatives of the Chambers of

Commerce and Industry and Industrial Associations and one

or more representatives of the Chambers of Agriculture, the

medical and legal professions, trade unions, and non-governmental

organizations concerned with the environment and development,

and scientists, technical experts and educationists.

vi) Secretary to the Government of Pakistan, in-charge of Member/Secretary

the Ministry or Division dealing with the subject of environment

(2) The Members of the Council, other than ex–officio members, shall be appointed in

accordance with the prescribed procedure and shall hold office for a term of three years.

(3) The Council shall frame its own rules of procedure.

(4) The Council shall hold meetings as and when necessary, but not less than two meetings shall

be held in a year.

(5) The Council may constitute committees of its members and entrust them with such functions

as it may deem fit, and the

recommendations of the committees shall be submitted to the Council for approval.

(6) The Council or any of its committees may invite any technical expert or representative of any

Government Agency or non-governmental organization or other person possessing specialized

knowledge of any subject for assistance in performance of its functions.

4) Function and Powers of the Council

(1) The Council shall-

(a) co-ordinate and supervise enforcement of the provisions of this Act;

(b) approve comprehensive national environmental policies and ensure their implementation

within the framework of a national conservation strategy as may be approved by the Federal

Government from time to time;

(c) approve the National Environmental Quality Standards;

(d) provide guidelines for the protection and conservation of species, habitats, and

biodiversity in general, and for the conservation of renewable and non-renewable resources;

(e) coordinate integration of the principles and concerns of sustainable development into

national development plans and policies; and

(f) consider the National Environment Report and give appropriate directions thereon.

(2) The Council may, either itself or on the request of any person or organization, direct the

Federal Agency or any Government Agency to prepare, submit, promote or implement projects

for the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of the environment, the

prevention and control of pollution, and the sustainable development of resources, or to

undertake research in any specified aspect of environment.

5) Establishment of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency

(1) The Federal Government shall, by notification in the official Gazette, establish the Pakistan

Environmental Protection Agency, to exercise the powers and perform the functions assigned to

it under the provisions of this Act and

the rules and regulations made thereunder.

(2) The Federal Agency shall be headed by a Director General, who shall be appointed by the

Federal Government on such

terms and conditions as it may determine.

(3) The Federal Agency shall have such administrative, technical and legal staff as the Federal

Government may specify, to be appointed in accordance with such procedure as may be

prescribed.

(4) The powers and function of the Federal Agency shall be exercised and performed by the

Director General.

(5) The Director General may, be general or special order, delegate any of these powers and

functions to staff appointed under

sub-section (3)

(6) For assisting the Federal Agency in the discharge of its functions, the Federal Government

shall establish Advisory Committees for various sectors, and appoint as members thereof

eminent representatives of the relevant sector, educational institutions, research institutes and

non-governmental organizations.

6) Functions of the Federal Agency

(1) The Federal Agency shall-

(a) administer and implement the provisions of this Act and the rules and regulations made

thereunder;

(b) prepare, in coordination with the appropriate Government Agency and in consultation

with the concerned sectoral Advisory Committees, national environmental policies for

approval by the Council;

(c) take all necessary measures for the implementation of the national environmental policies

approved by the Council;

(d) prepare and publish an annual National Environment Report on the state of the

environment;

(e) prepare or revise, and establish the National Environment Quality Standards with

approval of the Council; Provided that

before seeking approval of the Council, the Federal Agency shall publish the proposed

National Environmental Quality

Standards for public opinion in accordance with the prescribed procedure;

(f) ensure enforcement of the National Environmental Quality Standards;

(g) establish standards for the quality of the ambient air, water and land, by notification in the

official Gazette, in consultation with the Provincial Agency concerned;

Provided that

(i) different standards for discharge or emission from different sources and for

different areas and conditions may

be specified;

(ii) where standards are less stringent than the National Environmental Quality

Standards, prior approval of the Council shall be obtained;

(iii) certain areas, with the approval of the Council, may exclude from carrying out

specific activities, projects from the application of such standards;

(h) co-ordinate environmental policies and programmes nationally and internationally;

(i) establish systems and procedures for surveys, surveillance, monitoring, measurement,

examination, investigation, research, inspection and audit to prevent and control pollution,

and to estimate the costs of cleaning up pollution and rehabilitating the environment in

various sectors;

(j) take measures to promote research and the development of science and technology which

may contribute to the prevention of pollution, protection of the environment, and sustainable

development;

(k) certify one or more laboratories as approved laboratories for conducing tests and analysis

and one or more research institutes as environmental research institutes for conducting

research and investigation, for the purposes of this Act;

(l) identify the needs for, and initiate legislation in various sectors of the environment;

(m) render advice and assistance in environmental matters, including such information and

data available with it as may be required for carrying out the purposes of this Act;

Provided that the disclosure of such information shall be subject to the restrictions contained

in the proviso to sub-section (3) of section 12;

(n) assist the local councils, local authorities, Government Agencies and other persons to

implement schemes for the proper disposal of wastes so as to ensure compliance with the

standards established by it;

(o) provide information and guidance to the public on environmental matters;

(p) recommend environmental courses, topics, literature and books for incorporation in the

curricula and syllabi of educational institutions;

(q) promote public education and awareness of environmental issues through mass media and

other means, including seminars and workshops;

(r) specify safeguards for the prevention of accidents and disasters which may cause

pollution, collaborate with the concerned person in the preparation of contingency plans for

control of such accidents and disasters, and co-ordinate implementation of such plans;

(s) encourage the formation and working of non-governmental organizations, community

organizations and village organizations to prevent and control pollution and promote

sustainable development;

(t) take or cause to be taken all necessary measures for the protection, conservation,

rehabilitation and improvement of the environment, prevention and control of pollution and

promotion of sustainable development; and

(u) perform any function which the Council may assign to it.

(2) The Federal Agency may-

(a) undertake inquiries or investigation into environmental issues, either of its own accord or

upon complaint from any person or organization;

(b) request any person to furnish any information or data relevant to its functions;

(c) initiate with the approval of the Federal Government, requests for foreign assistance in

support of the purposes of this Act and enter into arrangements with foreign agencies or

organizations for the exchange of material or information and participate in international

seminars or meetings;

(d) recommend to the Federal Government the adoption of financial and fiscal programmes,

schemes or measures for achieving environmental objectives and goals and the purposes of

this Act, including:

(i) incentives, prizes, awards, subsidies, tax exemptions, rebates and depreciation

allowances; and

(ii) taxes, duties, cesses and other levies;

(e) establish and maintain laboratories to help in the performance of its functions under this

Act and to conduct research in various aspects of the environment and provide or arrange

necessary assistance for establishment of similar laboratories in the private sector; and

(f) provide or arrange, in accordance with such procedures as may be prescribed, financial

assistance for projects designed to facilitate the discharge of its functions.

7) Powers of the Federal Agency

Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Federal Agency may-

(a) lease, purchase, acquire, own, hold, improve, use or otherwise deal in and with any

property both movable and immovable;

(b) sell, convey, mortgage, pledge, exchange or otherwise dispose of its property and assets;

(c) fix and realize fees, rates and charges for rendering any service or providing any facility,

information or data under this Act or the rules and regulations made thereunder;

(d) enter into contracts, execute instruments, incur liabilities and do all acts or things

necessary for proper management and conduct of its business;

(e) appoint with the approval of the Federal Government and in accordance with such

procedures as may be prescribed, such advisers, experts and consultants as it considers

necessary for the efficient performance of its functions on such terms and conditions as it

may deem fit;

(f) summon and enforce the attendance of any person and require him to supply any

information or document needed for the conduct of any enquiry or investigation into any

environmental issue;

(g) enter and inspect and under the authority of a search warrant issued by the Environmental

Tribunal or Environmental Magistrate, search at any reasonable time, any land, building,

premises, vehicle or vessel or other place where or in which, there are reasonable grounds to

believe that an offence under this Act has been or is being committed;

(h) take samples of any materials, products, articles or substances or of the effluents, wastes

or air pollutants being discharged or emitted or of air, water or land in the vicinity of the

discharge or emission;

(i) arrange for test and analysis of the samples at a certified laboratory;

(j) confiscate any article used in the commission of the offence where the offender is not

known or cannot be found within a reasonable time:

Provided that the power under clauses (f), (h), (i) and (j) shall be exercised in accordance

with the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (Act V of 1898), or the rules

made under this Act and under the direction of the Environmental Tribunal or

Environmental Magistrate; and

(k) establish a National Environmental Coordination Committee comprising the Director-

General as its chairman and the Director-Generals of the Provincial Environmental

Protection Agencies and such other persons as the Federal Government may appoint as its

members to exercise such powers and perform such functions as may be delegated or

assigned to it by the Federal Government for carrying out the purposes of this Act and for

ensuring inter–provincial co-ordination in environmental policies;

8) Establishment, Powers and Functions of the Provincial Environmental

Protection Agencies

(1) Every Provincial Government shall, by notification in the official Gazette, establish an

Environmental Protection Agency, to exercise such powers and perform such functions as may

be delegated to it by the Provincial Government under sub-section (2) of section 26.

(2) The Provincial Agency shall be headed by a Director-General who shall be appointed by the

Provincial Government on such terms and conditions as it may determine.

(3) The Provincial Agency shall have such administrative, technical and legal staff as the

Provincial Government may specify, to be appointed in accordance with such procedure as may

be prescribed.

(4) The powers and functions of the Provincial Agency shall be exercised and performed by the

Director-General.

(5) The Director-General may, by general or special order, delegate any of these powers and

functions to staff appointed under sub-section (3).

(6) For assistance of the Provincial Agency in the discharge of its functions, the Provincial

Government shall establish sectoral Advisory Committees for various sectors and appoint

members from amongst eminent representatives of the relevant sector, educational institutions,

research institutes and non-governmental organizations.

9) Establishment of the Provincial Sustainable Development Funds

(1) There shall be established in each Province a Sustainable Development Fund.

(2) The Provincial Sustainable Development Fund shall be derived from the following sources,

namely;

(a) grants made or loans advanced by the Federal Government or the Provincial

Governments;

(b) aid and assistance, grants, advances, donations and other non-obligatory funds received

from foreign governments, national or international agencies, and non-governmental

organizations; and

(c) contributions from private organizations, and other persons.

(3) The Provincial Sustainable Development Fund shall be utilized in accordance with such

procedure as may be prescribed for:

(a) providing financial assistance to the projects designed for the protection, conservation,

rehabilitation and improvement of the environment, the prevention and control of pollution,

the sustainable development of resources and for research in any specified aspect of

environment; and

(b) any other purpose which in the opinion of the Board will help achieve environmental

objectives and the purpose of this Act.

10) Management of the Provincial Sustainable Development Fund

(1) The Provincial Sustainable Development Fund shall be managed by a Board known as the

Provincial Sustainable Development Fund Board consisting of:

i) Chairman, Planning and Development Board/Additional Chairperson

Chief Secretary Planning and Development Department.

(ii) such officers of the Provincial Governments not exceeding Members

six as the Provincial Government may appoint, including

Secretaries in charge of the Finance, Industries and

Environment Departments.

(iii) such non-official persons not exceeding ten as the Provincial Members

Government may appoint including representatives of the Provincial

Chamber of Commerce and Industry, non-governmental organizations,

and major donors.

(iv) Director-General of the Provincial Agency. Member/Secretary

(2) In accordance with such procedure and such criteria as may be prescribed, the Board shall

have the power to:

(a) sanction financial assistance for eligible projects;

(b) invest moneys held in the Provincial Sustainable Development Fund in such profit-

bearing Government bonds, savings schemes and securities as it may deem suitable; and

(c) take such measures and exercise such powers as may be necessary for utilization of the

Provincial Sustainable Development Fund for the purposes specified in sub-section (3) of

section 9.

(3) The Board shall constitute committees of its members to undertake regular monitoring of

project financed from the Provincial Sustainable Development Fund and to submit progress

reports to the Board which shall publish an Annual Report incorporating its annual audited

accounts, and performance evaluation based on the progress reports.

11) Prohibition of Certain Discharges or Emissions

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and the rules and regulations made thereunder no person

shall discharge or emit or allow the discharge or emission of any effluent or waste or air

pollutant or noise in an amount, concentration or level which is in excess of the National

Environmental Quality Standards or, where applicable, the standards established under sub-

clause (i) of clause (g) of sub-section (1) of section 6.

(2) The Federal Government levy a pollution charge on any person who contravenes or fails to

comply with the provisions

of sub-section (1), to be calculated at such rate, and collected in accordance with such procedure

as may be prescribed.

(3) Any person who pays the pollution charge levied under sub-section (2) shall not be charged

with an offence with respect to that contravention or failure.

(4) The provisions of sub-section (3) shall not apply to projects which commenced industrial

activity on or after the thirtieth day of June, 1994.

12) Initial Environmental Examination and Environmental Impact

Assessment

(1) No proponent of a project shall commence construction or operation unless he has filed with

the Federal Agency an initial environmental examination or, where the project is likely to cause

an adverse environmental effect, an environmental impact assessment, and has obtained from the

Federal Agency approval in respect thereof.

(2) The Federal Agency shall;

(a) review the initial environmental examination and accord its approval, or require

submission of an environmental impact assessment by the proponent; or

(b) review the environmental impact assessment and accord its approval subject to such

conditions as it may deem fit to impose, or require that the environmental impact assessment

be re-submitted after such modifications as may be stipulated, or reject the project as being

contrary to environmental objectives.

(3) Every review of an environmental impact assessment shall be carried out with public

participation and no information will be disclosed during the course of such public participation

which relates to:

(i) trade, manufacturing or business activities, processes or techniques of a proprietary

nature, or financial, commercial, scientific or technical matters which the proponent has

requested should remain confidential, unless for reasons to be recorded in writing, the

Director-General of the Federal Agency is of the opinion that the request for confidentiality

is not well-founded or the public interest in the disclosure outweighs the possible prejudice to

the competitive position of the project or it's proponent; or

(ii) international relations, national security or maintenance of law and order, except with the

consent of the Federal Government; or

(iii) matters covered by legal professional privilege.

(4) The Federal Agency shall communicate is approval or otherwise within a period of four

months from the date the initial environmental examination or environmental impact assessment

is filed complete in all respects in accordance with the prescribed procedure, failing which the

initial environmental examination or, as the case may be, the environmental impact

assessment shall be deemed to have been approved, to the extent to which it does not contravene

the provisions of this Act and the rules and regulations made thereunder.

(5) Subject to sub-section (4) the Federal Government may in a particular case extend the

aforementioned period of four months if the nature of the project so warrants.

(6) The provisions of sub-section (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) shall apply to such categories of

projects and in such manner as may be prescribed.

(7) The Federal Agency shall maintain separate Registers for initial environmental examination

and environmental impact assessment projects, which shall contain brief particulars of each

project and a summary of decisions taken thereon, and which shall contain brief particulars of

each project and a summary of decisions taken thereon, and which shall be open to inspection by

the public at all reasonable hours and the disclosure of information in such Registers shall be

subject to the restrictions specified in sub-section (3).

13) Prohibition of Import of Hazardous Waste

No person shall import hazardous waste into Pakistan and its territorial waters, Exclusive

Economic Zone and historic waters.

14) Handling of Hazardous Substances

Subject to the provisions of this Act, no person shall generate, collect, consign, transport, treat,

dispose of, store, handle or import any hazardous substance except;

(a) under a licence issued by the Federal Agency and in such manner as may be prescribed;

or

(b) in accordance with the provisions of any other law for the time being in force, or of any

international treaty, convention, protocol, code, standard, agreement or other instrument to

which Pakistan is a party.

15) Regulation of Motor Vehicles

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and the rules and regulations made thereunder, no person

shall operate a motor vehicle from which air pollutants or noise are being emitted in an amount,

concentration or level which is in excess of the National Environmental Quality Standards, or

where applicable the standards established under clause (g) of sub-section (1) of section 6.

(2) For ensuring compliance with the standards mentioned in sub-section (1), the Federal Agency

may direct that any motor vehicle or class of vehicles shall install such pollution control devices

or other equipment or use such fuels or undergo such maintenance or testing as may be

prescribed.

(3) Where a direction has been issued by the Federal Agency under sub-section (2) in respect of

any motor vehicles or class of motor vehicles, no person shall operate any such vehicle till such

direction has been complied with.

16) Environmental Protection Order

(1) Where the Federal Agency or a Provincial Agency is satisfied that the discharge or emission

of any effluent, waste, air pollutant or noise, or the disposal of waste, or the handling of

hazardous substances, or any other act or omission is likely to occur, or is occurring or has

occurred in violation of the provisions of this Act, rules or regulations or of the conditions of a

licence, and is likely to cause, or is causing or has caused an adverse environmental effect, the

Federal Agency or, as the case may be, the Provincial Agency may, after giving the person

responsible for such discharge, emission, disposal, handling, act or omission an opportunity of

being heard, by order direct such person to take such measures that the Federal Agency or

Provincial Agency may consider necessary within such period as may be specified in the order.

(2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such measures

may include:

(a) immediate to stoppage, preventing, lessening or controlling the discharge, emission,

disposal, handling, act or omission, or to minimize or remedy the adverse environmental

effect;

(b) installation, replacement or alteration of any equipment or thing to eliminate or control or

abate on a permanent or temporary basis, such discharge, emission, disposal, handling, act or

omission;

(c) action to remove or otherwise dispose of the effluent, waste, air pollutant, noise, or

hazardous substances; and

(d) action to restore the environment to the condition existing prior to such discharge,

disposal, handling, act or omission, or as close to such condition as may be reasonable in the

circumstances, to the satisfaction of the Federal Agency or Provincial Agency.

(3) Where the person, to whom directions under sub-section (1) are given, does not comply

therewith, the Federal Agency or Provincial Agency may, in addition to the proceeding initiated

against him under this Act or the rules and regulations, itself take or cause to be taken such

measures specified in the order as it may deems necessary, and may recover the costs of taking

such measures from such person as arrears of land revenue.

17) Penalties

(1) Whoever contravenes or fails to comply with the provisions of section 11, 12, 13, or section

16 or any order issued thereunder shall be punishable with fine which may extend to one million

rupees, and in the case of a continuing contravention or failure, with an additional fine which

may extend to one hundred thousand rupees for every day during which such contravention or

failure continues and where such contravention or failure continues: Provided that if

contravention of the provisions of section 11 also constitutes contravention of the provisions of

section 15, such contravention shall be punishable under sub-section (2) only.

(2) Whoever contravenes or fails to comply with the provisions of section 14 or 15 or any rule or

regulation or conditions of any licence, any order or direction issued by the Council or by the

Federal Agency or Provincial Agency shall be punishable with fine which may extend to one

hundred thousand rupees, and in case of continuing contravention, or failure with an additional

fine which extend to one thousand rupees for every day during which such contravention

continues.

(3) Where an accused has been convicted of an offence under sub-section (1) and (2), the

Environmental Tribunal and Environmental Magistrate shall, in passing sentence, take into

account the extent and duration of the contravention or failure constituting the offence, and the

attendant circumstances.

(4) Where an accused has been convicted of an offence under sub-section (1) and the

Environmental Tribunal is satisfied that as a result of the commission of the offence monetary

benefits have accrued to the offender, the Environmental Tribunal may order the offender to pay,

in addition to the fines under sub-section (1), further additional fine commensurate with the

amount of the monetary benefits.

(5) Where a person convicted under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), and had been previously

convicted for any contravention under this act, the Environmental Tribunal or, as the case may

be, Environmental Magistrate may, in addition to the punishment awarded thereunder:

(a) endorse a copy of the order of conviction to the concerned trade or industrial association,

if any, or the concerned Provincial Chamber of Commerce and Industry or the Federation of

Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry;

(b) sentence him to imprisonment for a term which may extend upto two years;

(c) order the closure of the factory;

(d) order confiscation of the factory, machinery, and equipment, vehicle, material or

substance, record or document or other object used or involved in contravention of the

provisions of the Act; Provided that for a period of three years from the date of

commencement of this Act the sentence of imprisonment shall be passed only in respect of

persons who have been previously convicted for more than once for any contravention of

sections 11, 13, 14 or 16 involving hazardous waste.

(e) order, such person to restore the environment at his own cost, to the conditions existing

prior to such contravention or as close to such conditions as may be reasonable in the

circumstances to the satisfaction of the Federal Agency or, as the case may be, Provincial

Agency; and

(f) order that such sum be paid to any person as compensation for any loss, bodily injury,

damage to his health or property suffered by such contravention.

(6) The Director-General of the Federal Agency or of a Provincial Agency or an officer generally

or specially authorized by him in this behalf may, on the application of the accused compound an

offence under this Act with the permission of the Environmental Tribunal or Environmental

Magistrate in accordance with such procedure as may be prescribed.

(7) Where the Director-General of the Federal Agency or of a Provincial Agency is of the

opinion that a person has contravened any provision of this Act, he may, subject to the rules, by

notice in writing to that person require him to pay to the Federal Agency or, as the case may be,

Provincial Agency an administrative penalty in the amount set out in the notice for each day the

contravention continues; and a person who pays an administrative penalty for a contravention

shall not be charged under this Act with an offence in respect of such contravention.

(8) The provisions of sub-sections (6) and (7) shall not apply to a person who has been

previously convicted of offence or who has compounded an offence under this Act or who has

paid an administrative penalty for a contravention of any provision of the is Act.

18) Offences by Bodies Corporate

Where any contravention of this Act has been committed by a body corporate, and it is proved

that such offence has been committed with the consent or connivance or, is attributed to any

negligence on the part of, any director, partner, manager, secretary or other officer of the body

corporate, such director, partner, manager, secretary or other officer of the body corporate, shall

be deemed guilty of such contravention along with the body corporate and shall be punished

accordingly:

Provided that in the case of a company as defined under the Companies Ordinance, 1984 (XLVII

of 1984), only the Chief Executive as defined in the said Ordinance shall be liable under this

section.

Explanation:

For the purpose of this section, "body corporate" includes a firm, association of persons and a

society registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 (XXI of 1860), or under the Co-

operative Societies Act, 1925 (VII of 1925).

19) Offences by Government Agencies, Local Authorities or Local Councils

Where any contravention of this Act has been committed by any Government Agency, local

authority or local council, and it is proved that such contravention has been committed with the

consent or connivance of, or is attributable to any negligence on the part of the Head or any other

officer of the Government Agency, local authority or local council, such Head or other officer

shall also be deemed guilty of such contravention alongwith the Government Agency, local

authority or local council and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.

20) Environmental Tribunals

(1) The Federal Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, establish as many

Environmental Tribunals as it considers necessary and, where it establishes more than one

Environmental Tribunal, it shall specify territorial limits within which, or the class of cases in

respect of which, each one of them shall exercise jurisdiction under this Act.

(2) An Environmental Tribunal shall consist of a Chairperson who is, or has been, or is qualified

for appointment as, a Judge of the High Court to be appointed after consultation with the Chief

Justice of the High Court and two members to be appointed by the Federal Government of which

at least one shall be a technical member with suitable professional qualifications and experience

in the environmental field as may be prescribed.

(3) For every sitting of the Environmental Tribunal, the presence of the Chairperson and not less

than one Member shall be necessary.

(4) A decision of an Environmental Tribunal shall be expressed in terms of the opinion of the

majority of its members, including the Chairperson, or if the case has been decided by the

Chairperson and only one of the members and there is a difference of opinion between them, the

decision of the Environmental Tribunal shall be expressed in terms of the opinion of the

chairperson.

(5) An Environmental Tribunal shall not, merely by reason of a change in its composition, or the

absence of any member from any sitting, be bound to recall and rehearany witness who has given

evidence, and may act on the evidence already recorded by, or produced, before it.

(6) An Environmental Tribunal may hold its sittings at such places within its territorial

jurisdiction as the Chairperson may decide.

(7) No act or proceeding of an Environmental Tribunal shall be invalid by reason only of the

existence of a vacancy in, or defect in the constitution of, the Environmental Tribunal.

(8) The terms and conditions of service of the Chairperson and members of the Environmental

Tribunal shall be such as may be prescribed.

21) Jurisdiction and Powers of Environmental Tribunals

(1) An Environmental Tribunal shall exercise such powers and perform such functions as are, or

may be, conferred upon or assigned to it by or under this Act, or the rules and regulations made

thereunder.

(2) All contravention punishable under sub-section (1) of section 17 shall exclusively be triable

by an Environmental Tribunal.

(3) An Environmental Tribunal shall not take cognizance of any offence triable under sub-

section (2) except on a complaint in writing by:

(a) the Federal Agency or any Government Agency or local council; and

(b) any aggrieved person, who has given notice of not less than thirty days to the Federal

Agency or the Provincial Agency concerned of the alleged contravention and of his intention

to make a complaint to the Environmental Tribunal.

(4) In exercise of its criminal jurisdiction, the Environmental Tribunal shall have the same

powers as are vested in the Court of Session under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (Act V

of 1898).

(5) In exercise of the appellate jurisdiction under section 22 the Environmental Tribunal shall

have the same powers and shall follow the same procedure as an appellate court in the Code of

Civil Procedure, 1908 (Act V of 1908).

(6) In all matters with respect to which no procedure has been provided for in this Act, the

Environmental Tribunal shall follow the procedure laid down in the Code of Civil Procedure,

1908 (Act V of 1908).

(7) An Environmental Tribunal may, on application filed by any officer duly authorized in this

behalf by the Director-General of the Federal Agency or Provincial Agency, issue bailable

warrant for the arrest of any person against whom reasonable suspicion exists of his having been

involved in contravention punishable under sub-section (1) of section 17:

Provided that such warrant shall be applied for, issued, and executed in accordance with the

provisions of the Code of Criminal

Procedure, 1898 (Act V of 1898):

Provided further that if the person arrested executes a bond with sufficient sureties in accordance

with the endorsement on the warrant, he shall be released from custody, failing which he shall be

taken or sent without delay to the officer-in-charge of the nearest police station.

(8) All proceedings before the Environmental Tribunal shall be deemed to be judicial

proceedings within the meaning of sections 193 and 228 of the Pakistan Penal Code (Act XLV of

1860), and the Environmental Tribunal shall be deemed to be a court for the purposes of sections

480 and 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (Act V of 1898).

(9) No court other than an Environmental Tribunal shall have or exercise any jurisdiction with

respect to any matter to which the jurisdiction of an Environmental Tribunal extends under this

Act or the rules and regulations made thereunder.

(10) Where the Environmental Tribunal is satisfied that a complaint made to it under sub-section

(3) is false and vexatious to the knowledge of the complainant, it may, by an order, direct the

complainant to pay to the person complained against such compensatory costs which may extend

to one hundred thousand rupees.

22) Appeals to the Environmental Tribunal

(1) Any person aggrieved by any order or direction of the Federal Agency or any Provincial

Agency under any provision of this Act and rules or regulations made thereunder may prefer an

appeal with the Environmental Tribunal within thirty days of the date of communication of the

impugned order or direction to such person.

(2) An appeal to the Environmental Tribunal shall be in such form, contain such particulars and

be accompanied by such fees as may be prescribed.

23) Appeals from Orders of the Environmental Tribunal

(1) Any person aggrieved by any final order or by any sentence of the Environmental Tribunal

passed under this Act may, within thirty days of communication of such order or sentence, prefer

an appeal to the High Court.

(2) An appeal under sub-section (1) shall be heard by a Bench of not less than two Judges.

24) Jurisdiction of Environmental Magistrates

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (Act V of

1898), or any other law for the time being in force, but subject to the provisions of this Act, all

contraventions punishable under sub-section (2) of section 17 shall exclusively be triable by a

judicial Magistrate of the first class as Environmental Magistrate especially empowered in this

behalf by the High Court.

(2) An environmental Magistrate shall be competent to impose any punishment specified in sub-

section (2) and (4) of section 17.

(3) An Environmental Magistrate shall not take cognizance of an offence triable under sub-

section (1) except on a complaint in writing by:

(a) the Federal Agency, Provincial Agency, or Government Agency or local council; and

(b) any aggrieved person.

25) Appeals from Orders of Environmental Magistrates

Any person convicted of any contravention of this Act or the rules or regulations by an

Environmental Magistrate may, within thirty days from the date of his conviction, appeal to the

Court of Sessions, whose decision thereon shall be final.

26) Power to Delegate

(1) The Federal Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, delegate any of its or of

the Federal Agency's powers and functions under this Act and the rules and regulations made

thereunder to any Provincial Government, any Government Agency, local council or local

authority.

(2) The Provincial Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, delegate any of its or

of the Provincial Agency's powers or functions under this Act and the rules and regulations made

thereunder to any Government Agency of such Provincial Government or any local council or

local authority in the Province.

27) Power to give Directions

In the performance of their function under this Act:

(a) the Federal Agency and Provincial Agencies shall be bound by the directions give to them

in writing by the Federal Government; and

(b) a Provincial Agency shall be bound by the directions give to it in writing by the

Provincial Government.

28) Indemnity

No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall lie against the Federal or Provincial

Governments, the Councils, the Federal Agency or Provincial Agencies, the Director-Generals of

the Federal Agency and the Provincial Agency, members, officers, employees, experts, advisors,

committees or consultants of the Federal or Provincial Agencies or the Environmental

Tribunal or Environmental Magistrates or any other person for anything which is in good faith

done or intended to be done under this Act or the rules or regulations made thereunder.

29) Dues Recoverable as Arrears of Land Revenues

Any dues recoverable by the Federal Agency or Provincial Agency under this Act, or the rules or

regulations made thereunder shall be recoverable as arrears of land revenue.

30) Act to Override Other Laws

The provisions of the Act shall have effect notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith

contained in any other law for the time being in force.

31) Power to Make Rules

The Federal Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, make rules for carrying out

the purposes of this Act including rules for implementing the provisions of the international

environmental agreements, specified in the Schedule to this Act.

32) Power to Amend the Schedule

The Federal Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, amend the Schedule so as

to add any entry thereto or modify or omit any entry therein.

33) Power to Make Regulations

(1) For carrying out the purposes of this Act, the Federal Agency may, by notification in the

official Gazette and with the approval of the Federal Government, make regulations not

inconsistent with the provisions of this Act or the rules made thereunder.

(2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such regulations

may provide for:

(a) submission of periodical reports, data or information by any Government agency, local

authority or local council in respect of environmental matters;

(b) preparation of emergency contingency plans for coping with environmental hazards and

pollution caused by accidents, natural disasters and calamities;

(c) appointment of officers, advisors, experts, consultants and employees;

(d) levy of fees, rates and charged in respect of services rendered, actions taken and schemes

implemented;

(e) monitoring and measurement of discharges and emissions;

(f) categorization of projects to which, and the manner in which, section 12 applies;

(g) laying down of guidelines for preparation of initial environmental examination and

environmental impact assessment and Development of procedures for their filing, review and

approval;

(h) providing procedures for handling hazardous substances; and

(i) installation of devices in, use of fuels by, and maintenance and testing of motor vehicles

for control of air and noise pollution.

34) Repeal, Savings and Succession

(1) The Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance, 1983 (XXXVII of 1983) is hereby

repealed.

(2) Notwithstanding the repeal of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance, 1983

(XXVII of 1983), any rules or regulations or appointments made, order passed, notifications

issued, powers delegated, contracts entered into, proceedings commenced, rights acquired,

liabilities incurred, penalties, rates, fees or charges levied, things done or action taken under any

provisions of that Ordinance shall, so far as they are not inconsistent with the provisions of this

Act, be deemed to have been made, passed, issued, delegated, entered into, commenced,

acquired, incurred, levied, done or taken under this Act.

(2) On the establishment of the Federal Agency and Provincial Agencies under this Act, all

properties, assets and liabilities pertaining to the Federal Agency and Provincial Agencies

established under that Ordinance shall vest in and be the properties,

assets and liabilities, as the case may be, of the Federal Agency and Provincial Agency

established under this Act.

SCHEDULE

(See Section 31)

1. International Plant Protection Convention, Rome, 1951.

2. Plant Protection Agreement for the South-East Asia and Pacific Region (as amended), Rome

1956.

3. Agreement for the Establishment of a Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the

Eastern Region of its Distribution Area in South-West Asia (as amended), Rome, 1963.

4. Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat,

Ramsar, 1971 and its amending Protocol, Paris, 1982.

5. Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage (World

Heritage Convention), Paris, 1972.

6. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES),

Washington, 1973.

7. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, Bonn, 1979.

8. Convention on the Law of the Sea, Montego Bay, 1982.

9. Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Vienna, 1985.

10. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Montreal, 1987 and

amendments thereto.

11. Agreement on the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, 1988.

12. Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste and Their

Disposal, Basel, 1989.

13. Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio De Janiero, 1992.

14. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Rio De Janiero, 1992

Annexure-III

PAKISTAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (REVIEW OF IEE AND EIA) REGULATIONS, 20001

1

PAKISTAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (REVIEW OF IEEAND EIA) REGULATIONS, 2000

S.R.O. 339 (1)/2001. - In exercise of the powers referred by section 33 of the PakistanEnvironmental Protection Act, 1997 (XXXIV of 1997), Pakistan EnvironmentalProtection Agency, with the approval of the Federal Government is pleased to make thefollowing Rules, namely : -

1. Short title and commencement

(1) These regulations may be called the Pakistan Environmental ProtectionAgency Review of Initial Environmental Examination and Environmental ImpactAssessment Regulations, 2000.

(2) They shall come into force at once.

2. Definitions

(1) In these regulations, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject orcontext –

(a) “Act” means the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997(XXXIV of 1997);

(b) “Director-General” means the Director-General of the FederalAgency;

(c) “EIA” means an environmental impact assessment as defined insection 2(xi);

(d) “IEE” means an initial environmental examination as defined insection 2(xxiv); and

(e) “section” means a section of the Act.

(2) All other words and expressions used in these regulations but not definedshall have the same meanings as are assigned to them in the Act.

3. Projects requiring an IEE

A proponent of a project falling in any category listed in Schedule I shall file anIEE with the Federal Agency, and the provisions of section 12 shall apply to suchproject.

4. Projects requiring an EIA

A proponent of a project falling in any category listed in Schedule II shall file anEIA with the Federal Agency, and the provisions of section 12 shall apply to suchproject.


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5. Projects not requiring an IEE or EIA

(1) A proponent of a project not falling in any category listed in Schedules Iand II shall not be required to file an IEE or EIA:

Provided that the proponent shall file –

(a) an EIA, if the project is likely to cause an adverse environmentaleffect;

(b) for projects not listed in Schedules I and II in respect of which theFederal Agency has issued guidelines for construction andoperation, an application for approval accompanied by anundertaking and an affidavit that the aforesaid guidelines shall befully complied with.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-regulation (1), the FederalAgency may direct the proponent of a project, whether or not listed inSchedule I or II, to file an IEE or EIA, for reasons to be recorded in suchdirection:

Provided that no such direction shall be issued without therecommendation in writing of the Environmental Assessment AdvisoryCommittee constituted under Regulation 23.

(3) The provisions of section 12 shall apply to a project in respect of which anIEE or EIA is filed under sub-regulation (1) or (2).

6. Preparation of IEE and EIA

(1) The Federal Agency may issue guidelines for preparation of an IEE or anEIA, including guidelines of general applicability, and sectoral guidelinesindicating specific assessment requirements for planning, construction andoperation of projects relating to particular sector.

(2) Where guidelines have been issued under sub-regulation (1), an IEE orEIA shall be prepared, to the extent practicable, in accordance therewithand the proponent shall justify in the IEE or EIA any departure therefrom.

7. Review Fees

The proponent shall pay, at the time of submission of an IEE or EIA, a non-refundable Review Fee to the Federal Agency, as per rates shown in Schedule III.

8. Filing of IEE and EIA

(1) Ten paper copies and two electronic copies of an IEE or EIA shall be filedwith the Federal Agency.


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(2) Every IEE and EIA shall be accompanied by –

(a) an application, in the form prescribed in Schedule IV; and

(b) copy of receipt showing payment of the Review Fee.

9. Preliminary scrutiny

(1) Within 10 working days of filing of the IEE or EIA, the Federal Agencyshall –

(a) confirm that the IEE or EIA is complete for purposes of initiationof the review process; or

(b) require the proponent to submit such additional information as maybe specified; or

(c) return the IEE or EIA to the proponent for revision, clearly listingthe points requiring further study and discussion.

(2) Nothing in sub-regulation (1) shall prohibit the Federal Agency fromrequiring the proponent to submit additional information at any stageduring the review process.

10. Public participation

(1) In the case of an EIA, the Federal Agency shall, simultaneously with issueof confirmation of completeness under clause (a) of sub-regulation (1) ofRegulation 9, cause to be published in any English or Urdu nationalnewspaper and in a local newspaper of general circulation in the areaaffected by the project, a public notice mentioning the type of project, itsexact location, the name and address of the proponent and the places atwhich the EIA of the project can, subject to the restrictions in sub-section(3) of section 12, be accessed.

(2) The notice issued under sub-regulation (1) shall fix a date, time and placefor public hearing of any comments on the project or its EIA.

(3) The date fixed under sub-regulation (2) shall not be earlier than 30 daysfrom the date of publication of the notice.

(4) The Federal Agency shall also ensure the circulation of the EIA to theconcerned Government Agencies and solicit their comments thereon.

(5) All comments received by the Federal Agency from the public or anyGovernment Agency shall be collated, tabulated and duly considered by itbefore decision on the EIA.


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(6) The Federal Agency may issue guidelines indicating the basic techniquesand measures to be adopted to ensure effective public consultation,involvement and participation in EIA assessment.

11. Review

(1) The Federal Agency shall make every effort to carry out its review of theIEE within 45 days, and of the EIA within 90 days, of issue ofconfirmation of completeness under Regulation 9.

(2) In reviewing the IEE or EIA, the Federal Agency shall consult suchCommittee of Experts as may be constituted for the purpose by theDirector-General, and may also solicit views of the sectoral AdvisoryCommittee, if any, constituted by the Federal Government under sub-section (6) of section 5.

(3) The Director-General may, where he considers it necessary, constitute acommittee to inspect the site of the project and submit its report on suchmatters as may be specified.

(4) The review of the IEE or EIA by the Federal Agency shall be based onquantitative and qualitative assessment of the documents and datafurnished by the proponent, comments from the public and GovernmentAgencies received under Regulation 10, and views of the committeesmentioned in sub-regulations (2) and (3) above.

12. Decision

On completion of the review, the decision of the Federal Agency shall becommunicated to the proponent in the form prescribed in Schedule V in the caseof an IEE, and in the form prescribed in Schedule VI in the case of an EIA.

13. Conditions of approval

(1) Every approval of an IEE or EIA shall, in addition to such conditions asmay be imposed by the Federal Agency, be subject to the condition thatthe project shall be designed and constructed, and mitigatory and othermeasures adopted, strictly in accordance with the IEE/EIA, unless anyvariation thereto have been specified in the approval by the FederalAgency.

(2) Where the Federal Agency accords its approval subject to certainconditions, the proponent shall –

(a) before commencing construction of the project, acknowledgeacceptance of the stipulated conditions by executing anundertaking in the form prescribed in Schedule VII;


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(b) before commencing operation of the project, obtain from theFederal Agency written confirmation that the conditions ofapproval, and the requirements in the IEE/EIA relating to designand construction, adoption of mitigatory and other measures andother relevant matters, have been duly complied with.

14. Confirmation of compliance

(1) The request for confirmation of compliance under clause (b) of sub-regulation (2) of Regulation 13 shall be accompanied by an Environmental ManagementPlan indicating the measures and procedures proposed to be taken to manage or mitigatethe environmental impacts for the life of the project, including provisions for monitoring,reporting and auditing.

(2) Where a request for confirmation of compliance is received from aproponent, the Federal Agency may carry out such inspection of the site and plant andmachinery and seek such additional information from the proponent as it may deem fit:

Provided that every effort shall be made by the Federal Agency to provide therequisite confirmation or otherwise within 15 days of receipt of the request, withcomplete information, from the proponent.

(3) The Federal Agency may, while issuing the requisite confirmation ofcompliance, impose such other conditions as the Environmental Management Plan, andthe operation, maintenance and monitoring of the project as it may deem fit, and suchconditions shall be deemed to be included in the conditions to which approval of theproject is subject.

15. Deemed approval

The four-month period for communication of decision stipulated in sub-section(4) of section 12 shall commence from the date of filing of an IEE or EIA in respect ofwhich confirmation of completeness is issued by the Federal Agency under clause (a) ofsub-regulation (1) of Regulation 9.

16. Extension in review period

Where the Federal Government in a particular case extends the four-month periodfor communication of approval prescribed in sub-section (5) of section 12, it shall, inconsultation with the Federal Agency, indicate the various steps of the review process tobe taken during the extended period, and the estimated time required for each step.

17. Validity period of approval

(1) The approval accorded by a Federal Agency under section 12 read withRegulation 12 shall be valid, for commencement of construction, for a period of threeyears from the date of issue.


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(2) If construction is commenced during the initial three year validity period,the validity of the approval shall stand extended for a further period of three years fromthe date of issue.

(3) After issue of confirmation of compliance, the approval shall be valid for aperiod of three years from the date thereof.

(4) The proponent may apply to the Federal Agency for extension in thevalidity periods mentioned in sub-regulations (1), (2) and (3), which may be granted bythe Federal Agency in its discretion for such period not exceeding three years at a time, ifthe conditions of the approval do not require significant change:

Provided that the Federal Agency may require the proponent to submit a freshIEE or EIA, if in its opinion changes in location, design, construction and operation of theproject so warrant.

18. Entry and inspection

(1) For purposes of verification of any matter relating to the review or to theconditions of approval of an IEE or EIA prior to, during or after commencement ofconstruction or operation of a project, duly authorized staff of the Federal Agency shallbe entitled to enter and inspect the project site, factory building and plant and equipmentinstalled therein.

(2) The proponent shall ensure full cooperation of the project staff at site tofacilitate the inspection, and shall provide such information as may be required by theFederal Agency for this purpose and pursuant thereto.

19. Monitoring

(1) After issue of approval, the proponent shall submit a report to the FederalAgency on completion of construction of the project.

(2) After issue of confirmation of compliance, the proponent shall submit anannual report summarizing operational performance of the project, with reference to theconditions of approval and maintenance and mitigatory measures adopted by the project.

(3) To enable the Federal Agency to effectively monitor compliance with theconditions of approval, the proponent shall furnish such additional information as theFederal Agency may require.

20. Cancellation of approval

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in these Regulations, if, at any time,on the basis of information or report received or inspection carried out, the FederalAgency is of the opinion that the conditions of an approval have not been complied with,or that the information supplied by a proponent in the approved IEE or EIA is incorrect, it


7

shall issue notice to the proponent to show cause, within two weeks of receipt thereof,why the approval should not be cancelled.

(2) If no reply is received or if the reply is considered unsatisfactory, theFederal Agency may, after giving the proponent an opportunity of being heard:

(i) require the proponent to take such measures and to comply withsuch conditions within such period as it may specify, failing which theapproval shall stand cancelled; or

(ii) cancel the approval.

(3) On cancellation of the approval, the proponent shall cease construction oroperation of the project forthwith.

(4) Action taken under this Regulation shall be without prejudice to any otheraction that may be taken against the proponent under the Act or rules or regulations orany other law for the time being in force.

21. Registers of IEE and EIA projects

Separate Registers to be maintained by the Federal Agency for IEE and EIAprojects under sub-section (7) of section 12 shall be in the form prescribed in ScheduleVIII.

22. Environmentally sensitive areas

(1) The Federal Agency may, by notification in the official Gazette, designatean area to be an environmentally sensitive area.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in Regulations 3, 4 and 5, theproponent of a project situated in an environmentally sensitive area shall be required tofile an EIA with the Federal Agency.

(3) The Federal Agency may from time to time issue guidelines to assistproponents and other persons involved in the environmental assessment process to planand prepare projects located in environmentally sensitive areas.

(4) Where guidelines have been issued under sub-regulation (3), the projectsshall be planned and prepared, to the extent practicable, in accordance therewith and anydeparture therefrom justified in the EIA pertaining to the project.

23. Environmental Assessment Advisory Committee

For purposes of rendering advice on all aspects of environmental assessment,including guidelines, procedures and categorization of projects, the Director-Generalshall constitute an Environmental Assessment Advisory Committee comprising –

(a) Director EIA, Federal Agency … Chairman


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(b) One representative each of the Provincial Agencies … Members(c) One representative each of the Federal Planning

Commission and the Provincial Planning andDevelopment Departments … Members

(d) Representatives of industry and non-Governmental organizations, and legal andother experts … Members

24. Other approvals

Issue of an approval under section 12 read with Regulation 12 shall not absolvethe proponent of the duty to obtain any other approval or consent that may be requiredunder any law for the time being in force.


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SCHEDULE I(See Regulation 3)

List of projects requiring an IEE

A. Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries

1. Poultry, livestock, stud and fish farms with total cost more than Rs.10million

2. Projects involving repacking, formulation or warehousing of agriculturalproducts

B. Energy

1. Hydroelectric power generation less than 50 MW

2. Thermal power generation less than 200 KW

3. Transmission lines less than 11 KV, and large distribution projects

4. Oil and gas transmission systems

5. Oil and gas extraction projects including exploration, production,gathering systems, separation and storage

6. Waste-to-energy generation projects

C. Manufacturing and processing

1. Ceramics and glass units with total cost more than Rs.50 million

2. Food processing industries including sugar mills, beverages, milk anddairy products, with total cost less than Rs.100 million

3. Man-made fibers and resin projects with total cost less than Rs.100 million

4. Manufacturing of apparel, including dyeing and printing, with total costmore than Rs.25 million

5. Wood products with total cost more than Rs.25 million

D. Mining and mineral processing

1. Commercial extraction of sand, gravel, limestone, clay, sulphur and otherminerals not included in Schedule II with total cost less than Rs.100million

2. Crushing, grinding and separation processes


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3. Smelting plants with total cost less than Rs.50 million

E. Transport

1. Federal or Provincial highways (except maintenance, rebuilding orreconstruction of existing metalled roads) with total cost less than Rs.50million

2. Ports and harbor development for ships less than 500 gross tons

F. Water management, dams, irrigation and flood protection

1. Dams and reservoirs with storage volume less than 50 million cubicmeters of surface area less than 8 square kilometers

2. Irrigation and drainage projects serving less than 15,000 hectares

3. Small-scale irrigation systems with total cost less than Rs.50 million

G. Water supply and treatment

Water supply schemes and treatment plants with total cost less than Rs.25 million

H. Waste disposal

Waste disposal facility for domestic or industrial wastes, with annual capacity lessthan 10,000 cubic meters

I. Urban development and tourism

1. Housing schemes

2. Public facilities with significant off-site impacts (e.g. hospital wastes)

3. Urban development projects

J. Other projects

Any other project for which filing of an IEE is required by the Federal Agencyunder sub-regulation (2) of Regulation 5


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SCHEDULE II(See Regulation 4)

List of projects requiring an EIA

A. Energy

1. Hydroelectric power generation over 50 MW

2. Thermal power generation over 200 MW

3. Transmission lines (11 KV and above) and grid stations

4. Nuclear power plans

5. Petroleum refineries

B. Manufacturing and processing

1. Cement plants

2. Chemicals projects

3. Fertilizer plants

4. Food processing industries including sugar mills, beverages, milk anddairy products, with total cost of Rs.100 million and above

5. Industrial estates (including export processing zones)

6. Man-made fibers and resin projects with total cost of Rs.100 M and above

7. Pesticides (manufacture or formulation)

8. Petrochemicals complex

9. Synthetic resins, plastics and man-made fibers, paper and paperboard,paper pulping, plastic products, textiles (except apparel),printing andpublishing, paints and dyes, oils and fats and vegetable ghee projects, withtotal cost more than Rs.10 million

10. Tanning and leather finishing projects

C. Mining and mineral processing

1. Mining and processing of coal, gold, copper, sulphur and precious stones

2. Mining and processing of major non-ferrous metals, iron and steel rolling

3. Smelting plants with total cost of Rs.50 million and above


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D. Transport

1. Airports

2. Federal or Provincial highways or major roads (except maintenance,rebuilding or reconstruction of existing roads) with total cost of Rs.50million and above

3. Ports and harbor development for ships of 500 gross tons and above

4. Railway works

E. Water management, dams, irrigation and flood protection

1. Dams and reservoirs with storage volume of 50 million cubic meters andabove or surface area of 8 square kilometers and above

2. Irrigation and drainage projects serving 15,000 hectares and above

F. Water supply and treatment

Water supply schemes and treatment plants with total cost of Rs.25 million andabove

G. Waste Disposal

1. Waste disposal and/or storage of hazardous or toxic wastes (includinglandfill sites, incineration of hospital toxic waste)

2. Waste disposal facilities for domestic or industrial wastes, with annualcapacity more than 10,000 cubic meters

H. Urban development and tourism

1. Land use studies and urban plans (large cities)

2. Large-scale tourism development projects with total cost more than Rs.50million

I. Environmentally Sensitive Areas

All projects situated in environmentally sensitive areas

J. Other projects

1. Any other project for which filing of an EIA is required by the FederalAgency under sub-regulation (2) of Regulation 5.

2. Any other project likely to cause an adverse environmental effect


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SCHEDULE III(See Regulation 7)

IEE/EIA Review Fees

Total Project Cost IEE EIA

Upto Rs.5,000,000 NIL NIL

Rs.5,000,001 to 10,000,000 Rs.10,000 Rs.15,000

Greater than Rs.10,000,000 Rs.15,000 Rs.30,000


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SCHEDULE IV[See Regulation 8(2)(a)]

Application Form

1. Name and address ofproponent

Phone:Fax:Telex:

2. Description of project

3. Location of project

4. Objectives of project

5. IEE/EIA attached? IEE/EIA : Yes/No

6. Have alternative sites been considered andreported in IEE/EIA?

Yes/No

7. Existing land use Landrequirement

8. Is basic site dataavailable, or has itbeen measured?

(only tick yes if thedata is reported in theIEE/EIA)

Meterology (includingrainfall)Ambient air qualityAmbient water qualityGround water quality

AvailableYes/No

Yes/NoYes/NoYes/No

MeasuredYes/No

Yes/NoYes/NoYes/No

9. Have estimates of thefollowing beenreported?

Water balanceSolid waste disposalLiquid waste treatment

EstimatedYes/NoYes/NoYes/No

ReportedYes/NoYes/NoYes/No

10. Source of power Powerrequirement

11. Labour force(number)

Construction:Operation:

Verification. I do solemnly affirm and declare that the information given above andcontained in the attached IEE/EIA is true and correct to the best of my knowledge andbelief.

Date _______ Signature, name and ______designation of proponent(with official stamp/seal)


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SCHEDULE V[See Regulation 12]

Decision on IEE

1. Name and address of proponent ____________________________

____________________________

2. Description of project ____________________________

3. Location of project ____________________________

4. Date of filing of IEE ____________________________

5. After careful review of the IEE, the Federation Agency has decided –

(a) to accord its approval, subject to the following conditions:

__________________________________________

or (b) that the proponent should submit an EIA of the project, for the followingreasons –

__________________________________________

[Delete (a) or (b), whichever is inapplicable]

Dated ________

Tracking no.___

Director-GeneralFederal Agency

(with official stamp/seal)


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SCHEDULE VI[See Regulation 12]

Decision on EIA

1. Name and address of proponent ____________________________

____________________________

2. Description of project ____________________________

3. Location of project ____________________________

4. Date of filing of EIA ____________________________

5. After careful review of the EIA, and all comments thereon, the Federation Agencyhas decided –

(a) to accord its approval, subject to the following conditions:

__________________________________________

or (b) that the proponent should submit an EIA with the following modifications-

__________________________________________

or (c) to reject the project, being contrary to environmental objectives, for thefollowing reasons:

__________________________________________

[Delete (a)/(b)/(c), whichever is inapplicable]

Dated ________

Tracking no.___

Director-GeneralFederal Agency

(with official stamp/seal)


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SCHEDULE VII[See Regulation 13(2)]

Undertaking

I, (full name and address) as proponent for (name, description and location of project) dohereby solemnly affirm and declare that I fully understand and accept the conditionscontained in the approval accorded by the Federal Agency bearing tracking no._____dated ________, and undertake to design, construct and operate the project strictly inaccordance with the said conditions and the IEE/EIA.

Date _______ Signature, name and ______designation of proponent(with official stamp/seal)

Witnesses(full names and addresses)

(1) ______________

(2) ______________


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SCHEDULE VIII(See Regulation 21)

Form of Registers for IEE and EIA projects

S. No. Description Relevant Provisions1 2 3

1. Tracking number

2. Category type (as per Schedules I and II)

3. Name of proponent

4. Name and designation of contact person

5. Name of consultant

6. Description of project

7. Location of project

8. Project capital cost

9. Date of receipt of IEE/EIA

10. Date of confirmation of completeness

11. Approval granted (Yes/No)

12. Date of approval granted or refused

13. Conditions of approval/reasons for refusal

14. Date of Undertaking

15. Date of extension of approval validity

16. Period of extension

17. Date of commencement of construction

18. Date of issue of confirmation of compliance

19. Date of commencement of operations

20. Dates of filing of monitoring reports

21. Date of cancellation, if applicable

Annexure-IV