PRESENTATION BY:

NIKHIL D. CHARRI

TOPICS COVERED

AGRICULTURAL WASTE

E-WASTE

WET-LAND, MANGROVES & CORAL REEFS

POLLUTION MONITERING & CONTROL

CHIPKO MOVEMENT

AGRICULTURAL WASTE

INTRODUCTION

TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE

METHODS TO CONTROL/REUSE

CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS AGRICULTURAL WASTE?

Agricultural waste, which includes both natural (organic) and non-natural wastes, is a general term used to describe waste produced on a farm through various farming activities.

TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE

Agricultural wastes are wastes fromagriculture operations. Agriculturalwastes include crop residues such ascorn stalks, sugarcane leavings,nutshells; animal manure from cattle,forestry residues, such as wood chips,bark, sawdust, timber slash, andmunicipal waste such as waste paperand yard clippings.

METHODS TO CONTROL/REUSE Agricultural waste are receiving a lot of attention

nowadays because we want to recycle them rather than discarding or burning them, unused. Crop residues can be recycled for use for purposes such as:

- bio-fuel- heating source- nutrients source for crops (i.e., fertilizers)- chemicals for so-called bio-based products, where the chemicals in the residues are extracted and used as ingredients to make products (thus, bio-based).

CONCLUSIONALTHOUGH

AGRICULTURAL

WASTE IS

INEVITABLE, BUT IT

CAN REDUCED BY

PROPER

TECHNIQUES,

REUSED FOR

VARIOUS PURPOSE,

OR RECYCLED FOR

AGRICULTURAL

PURPOSE.

E-WASTE

INTRODUCTION

TYPES OF E-WASTE

METHODS TO CONTROL\REUSE

CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION WHAT IS E-WASTE ?

Electronic waste" may be defined as discarded computers, office electronic equipment, entertainment device electronics, mobile phones, television sets, and refrigerators. This includes used electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling, or disposal.

TYPES OF E-WASTE

• Mobile Phones

• Computers• Servers• Telecom• TV• Calculators• Audio• Scanners• Printers

• Air

Conditioner• Microwave• Washing

Machine• Cartridges• Military

electronic • Mother board• Alarm

• Sirens• Automobile

Catalytic Converter

• Sensor• CD• Security

Device

WHAT YOU CAN DO TO

CONTROL E-WASTE

In order to lessen the amount of e-waste

being produced, individuals can do many

things:

1. Keep your old electronics longer instead of replacing

them.

2. If discarding old electronics, be sure to recycle them at a trusted recycling center.

3. Purchase efficient electronics that do not contain hazardous materials such as mercury and lead.

CONCLUSION

LATEST TREND TO MAKE USE OF E-WASTE IS

“REFIRBISHING” WHERE BY FUNCTIONAL E-

WASTE IS RETURNED TO THE CONCERNED

COMPANIES AND THE USE IT TO REPRODUCE

NEW MODELS OR SECONDHAND MODELS.

WET-LAND, MANGROVES & CORAL REEFS

WHAT ARE WET-LANDS

TYPES AND VALUES OF WET LANDS

WHAT ARE MANGROVES

IMPORTANCE OF MANGROVES

WHAT ARE CORAL REEFS

IMPORTANCE OF CORAL REEFS

WHAT ARE WET-LANDS Wetlands are areas where

water is the primary factor controlling the environment and the associated plant and animal life

They occur where the water table is at or near the surface of the land, or where the land is covered by shallow water for at least six months of the year

TYPES AND VALUES OF WET-LANDSThree major wetland types;

1. Marine (coastal wetlands including coastal lagoons,

rocky shores, and coral reefs)

2. Lacustrine (wetlands associated with lakes)

3. Riverine (wetlands along rivers and streams)

In addition, human-made wetlands (fish and

shrimp ponds, farm ponds, irrigated agricultural

land, salt pans, reservoirs, gravel pits, sewage

farms and canals)

VALUES OF WET-LANDS

Fish and wildlife habitats

Natural water quality improvement

Flood regulation

Shoreline erosion protection

Opportunities for recreation and

aesthetic appreciation

Natural products for our use at

little or no cost

WHAT ARE MANGOVES ?

Mangroves are various kinds of trees up to medium height and shrubs that grow in saline coastal sediment habitats in the tropics and subtropics.

With their roots submerged in water, they thrive in hot, muddy, salty conditions.

They are extremely important to our own well-being and to the health of the planet.

They include a filtration system that keeps out much of the salt.

IMPORTANCE OF MANGROVES

They are the buffer zone between the land and the sea.

Mangroves protect the soil from erosion.

They play an invaluable role as a nature’s shield against cyclones, ecological disasters and as protector of shorelines.

They are a breeding and nursery grounds for a variety of marine animals.

WHAT ARE CORAL REEFS?

Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems held

together by calcium carbonate structures secreted

by corals. Coral reefs are built by colonies of tiny

animals found in marine waters that contain few

nutrients

IMPORTANCE OF CORAL REEFS

Functions of Coral Reefs: Coral

reefs are important for many different

reasons aside from supposedly containing

the most diverse ecosystems on the

planet. They: protect coastlines from the

damaging effects of wave action and

tropical storms. provide habitats and

shelter for many marine organisms.

POLLUTION MONITERING & CONTROL

WHAT IS POLLUTION?

TYPES OF POLLUTION.

CONTROLLING POLLUTION.

WHAT IS POLLUTION?

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. Pollution is often classed as point source or nonpoint source pollution.

TPES OF POLLUTION

AIR POLLUTION

WATER POLLUTION

NOIC POLLUTION

SOIL POLLUTION

PLASTIC POLLUTION

Controlling pollution There are three basic ways prevent people from

polluting:

Persuasion: Ask people to change polluting

behavior. Should be accompanied by education.

Very cheap, but not too effective.

Regulation: Pass laws requiring less pollution.

Most useful when polluters are few in numbers and

pollution can be easily monitored, e.g. hazardous

waste of large factories.

Incentives: Reward behavior that reduces pollution,

e.g. tax incentives and subsidies for renewable

energy use. Much lower cost than regulation.

Examples: (1) deposits paid when potential waste is

purchased and (2) pay as you throw schemes, where

the polluter has to pay for discarding waste

CHIPKO MOVEMENT The Chipko movement or Chipko

Andolan started on March 26, 1974,is a movement that practiced the Gandhian methods of satyagraha and non-violent resistance, through the act of hugging trees to protect them from being felled. This was first initiated by Amrita Devi while protesting against a King's men to cut the tree. The modern Chipko movement started in the early 1970s in the Garhwal Himalayas of Uttarakhand, then in Uttar Pradesh with growing awareness of rapid deforestation.

SUCCESS OF CHIPKO MOVEMENT The incident inspired the several other rural womens,

who in 1970's launched such similar movements in different parts of India. The incident inspired the several other rural womens, who in 1970's launched such similar movements in different parts of India.It is really surprising that the women of that age were better aware about the significance of forests. The rural women in India actively participated in the movement, who knows about deforestation and its future consequences. Some of the key women leaders who fought for the protection of forests, whom they call it their maternal mother were Gaura Devi, Sudesha Devi, Bachni Devi, Dev Suman, Mira Behn, Sarala Behn and Amrita Devi.

THANK YOU