DRAINAGE

TOPICS

• DRAINAGE BASIN

• DRAINAGE SYSTEM IN INDIA

• HIMALAYAN RIVERS

• PENINSULAR RIVERS

The area drained by a single river system is

called a drainage basin.

DRAINAGE SYSTEMS IN

INDIAThe drainage systems of India are mainly controlled by the

broad relief features of the subcontinent.

Accordingly, the Indian rivers are divided in to two major

groups:

The Himalayan rivers.

The Peninsular rivers.

Comparison between the Himalayan &

Peninsular RiversHimalayan Rivers Peninsular Rivers

I. These rivers originate from the glaciers.

II. Catchment area is very large.

III. Engaged in high erosion activity.

IV. Useful in irrigation

V. Perennial.

VI. Eg.:- Indus, Ganga.

I. These rivers originate from

the plateaus.

II. Catchment area is very

small.

III. Engaged in low erosion

activity.

IV. Not very useful in

irrigation

V. Non-perennial.

HIMALAYAN RIVERS

Himalayan RiversThe Ganges,

the

Brahmaputra

and the Indus

together are

known as the

Himalayan

Rivers.

INDUS RIVER

Source:Rises in Tibet

Near lake Manasarovar.

Tributaries:Chenab,Sutlej,jhelum,Ravi

Beas.

Length:2900km.

Indus Water Treaty 1960.

Confluence of Indus and Zanskar rivers.

The Indus is at the bottom of the picture,

flowing left-to-right; the Zanskar, carrying

more water, comes in from the middle left

of the picture.

The Indus River near Skardu, inGilgit–

Baltistan.

The Ganges River System The Ganges , is the largest river of the Indian subcontinent, flowing east through the Gangetic Plain of northern India intoBangladesh . The 2,500 km river rises in the Gangotri Glacier.

BASIC INFORMATION OF THE GANGES RIVER OF

INDIA

Total Length of River Ganges 2,510 Kms (1,560 miles)

Average depth of Ganga River 52 Feet (maximum depth, 100 feet)

Place of Origin of Ganga River Foot of Gangotri Glacier, at Gaumukh, at an

elevation of 3,892 m

Area drained by Ganges River (Ganges

Plains)

1,000,000 Square Kilometres

Major Tributaries of Ganges Yamuna, Son, Kosi, Gandak, Gomati,

Ghaghara, Bhagirathi etc...

Cities on the bank of Ganges Kanpur, Soron, Allahabad, Varanasi, Patna,

Ghazipur, Bhagalpur, Mirzapur, Buxar, Saidpur

etc...

GANGETIC DOLPHIN

Main Features Of The Ganga SystemThe length of the Ganga is over 2500 kms.

It has the largest basin.

From the Himalayas the Ganga enters the plains at Haridwar.

It is joined by a number of tributaries i.e. Yamuna, Son, Kosi & Gandak.

The Ganga enters Bangladesh as Padma.

The river is called Meghna when Brahmaputra joins it.

It creates the largest delta, Sunderban with the help of Brahmaputra .

BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER

BRAHMAPUTRA RIVERSource:Rises in tibet east of Manasarovar lake

Flow eastward parallel to the Himalayas.On

reaching the NamchaBarwa it takes a ‘U’ turn

and enters India inArunachal pradesh through a

gorge.

Tributaries: Dibang,Lohit.

Form riverine island.

BRAIDED STREAM

PENINSULAR RIVER

NARMADA RIVER

ORIGIN OF RIVER NARMADA

NARMADA IN SANSKRIT MEANING “THE GIVER OF PLEASURE

“

The Narmada (Devanagari: नर्मदा, Gujarati: નર્મદા), also called the Rewa, is a river in central India and

the fifth longest river in theIndian subcontinent.

It is the third longest river that flows entirely within

India, after the Godavari and the Krishna. It is also

known as "Life Line of Madhya Pradesh" for its huge

contribution to the state of Madhya Pradesh in many

ways.

It forms the traditional boundary between North

India and South India and flows westwards over a

length .

MARBLE ROCKS

DHUADAR FALLS

THE TAPI BASIN

Tapti River

River in India

The Tapti River ancient original name Tapi River, is a river in central India.

Length: 724 km

Basin area: 65,145 km²

Source: Satpura Range

Mouth: Gulf of Khambhat

Country: India

Cities: Surat, Burhanpur, Bhusawal, Jalgaon, Dhule, Nashik, more

DAKSHINA GANGA

Tributaries of Godavari River-

Pravara-

Penganga-

Indravathi-

Purna-

Wardha-

Sabari-

Manjira-

Vine Ganga -

Manair-

Pranahitha

Biggest river in South India.-

It originates at Triambakeshwar in Nasik District of Maharashtra.-

Its total length – 1465 Km.-

It travels 694 Km., in Maharashtra State.-

It travels 767 Km., in Andhra Pradesh State.-

In Telangana Region, it travels 653 Km., and-

In Andhra Region, 114 Km.-

Statue of Mother Godavari at Rajahmundry

Railway station

GODAVARI RIVER

MAHANADI BASINThe Mahanadi is a major river in East

Central India

Area of around 141,600 square kilometres

and has a total course of 858 kilometres.

The river flows through the states of

Chhattisgarh and Odisha.

Length: 858 km

Discharge: 2,119 m³/s

Source: Sihawa

Country: India

Bridges: Second Mahanadi Rail Bridge

Cities: Cuttack, Sambalpur, Sonepur,

Odisha, Boudh, Birmaharajpur,Subalaya

KRISHNA BASIN

KAVERI BASIN

The Kaveri, also spelled Cauvery in English, is a large

Indian river. The origin of the river is traditionally placed

at Talakaveri, Kodagu in the Western Ghats in Karnataka.

Length: 765 km

Basin area: 72,000 km²

Source elevation: 1,276 m

Source: Western Ghats

Country: India

Cities: Tiruchirappalli, Thanjavur, Talakaveri, Srirangapatna, more

SHIVASAMUDRAM WATE

Benefits of a River a) The rivers contain fresh water which is most necessary for

man as well as animals for survival.

b) They provide water for irrigation and cultivation available

in abundance.

c) They make the soil rich in Alluvial.

d) These serve as arteries of commerce.

e) They are good for navigation.

f) Estuaries, near the shores , where the sweet water mixes

freely with the salt water of the oceans, have proved to be

the most biologically productive areas of the world . All

type of fishes survive over here.

g) Rivers are harnessed for generation of hydro-electricity.

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