Day1 session3 international climate finance

DER SPEZIALIST FÜR PUBLIC CONSULTING1

International Climate Finance Sources

Green Action Programme – Stakeholder Meeting and Training Workshop

13-15 December 2016, Astana, Martin Gauss

DER SPEZIALIST FÜR PUBLIC CONSULTING

2

ContentsIntroduction to Climate Finance

o What does CF mean

o important issues to consider

Selected Funds

1. Green Climate Fund

2. Global Environment Facility

3. Climate Investment Fund / Climate Technology

4. ADB Sustainable Transport Initiative (and dedicated ADB Funds)

5. Nama Facility


3

Introduction to Climate Finance• What does Climate Finance mean?

o Climate finance is funding used to support climate change mitigation and adaptationo Involves traditional funds and new sources

o Can play a key role in shifting and scaling up funding for low carbon transport

o Particular impact where a combination of sources is needed, and where it can push

sustainable transport intervention beyond the tipping point to implementation

Multilateral sources, bilateral sources, private sources of climate finance

Source: ADB, Rethinking transport and climate change (2009).


4

Introduction to Climate Finance• Important issues

o Pre-requisite: reduction of greenhouse gases (mitigation)o Monitoring, reporting, verification (MRV) is crucial

o Financed activities: Concepts and plans Infrastructure (vehicles, roads, etc.) Operation and maintenance Capacity building

o Link to climate change policy: NAMAs - Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action: registration of a low-carbon transport programmes / projects at the UNFCCC NAMA registry, matching with financing partner, contribute to NDCs - Nationally Determined Contributions.


5

Selected Funds: Green Climate Fund (GCF)

• under UNFCCC;

• Capitalization: 9.9 billion mobilized (Nov. 2016);

• 50:50% mitigation : adaptation (over time)

• Financial instruments: grants, loans, equity, guarantees

Source: GCF website

27 projects98 m

expected beneficiaries

129 m tons CO2 avoided

Loans Grants Equity Guarantees

46% 41% 2% 11%

Funding amount per financial instrumentGCF status quo


6

Green Climate Fund:Transport is one of four investment priorities

Source: GCF website

Where the GCF can add value

• Recognition that so far, only modest share of climate finance went to urban transport

Low-carbon transport to support low-emission and climate resilient cities

Reduce emissions from freight transport

… however, so far no transport-related project yet in the GCF portfolio.

Energy generation and

accessTransport

Forests and land use

Buildings, cities, industries and

appliances

Reduced emission

s


7

GCF – Access modalities and country ownership

• Access through accredited entities: national / international

• GCF concept note for preliminary formulation and feed back for the fund; full project proposal

• Investment criteria: impact potential, paradigm shift potential, sustainable development potential, needs of the recipient, country ownership, efficiency and effectiveness

• NDA – Nationally Designated Authority for coordination and communication between the country and the GCF; no-objection procedure:

Ministry of Energy, Climate Change DepartmentMs. Gulmira Sergazina

Source: GCF website


8

Selected Funds: Global Environment Facility (GEF) • Operating entity under UNFCCC• During GEF-6, the GEF will provide US$210 million to a new program to address

low emission development needs at the city level. • Transport has significant climate change mitigation potential. Increased cooperation and

investments are needed to develop sustainable transport solutions in developing countries to protect human health, improve economic growth and address climate change.

• Key characteristics:o eligible stakeholders: national / regional / local government, private sectoro Types of support: concepts, infrastructure, operation, capacity buildingo Level of intervention: national / regional / localo MRV requirement: moderateo Modes of support: includes urban public transporto Size of projects typically funded: USD 10,000 to > 1 m o Need for co-finance

Source: adapted from GIZ (2014).


9

GEF – relevant projects and access criteria

Access criteria Country eligibility• Consistence with national priorities and programmes• Endorsement by GEF operational focal point

responsible for all GEF activities and its alignment• Deliver tangible environmental benefits,

including GHG emission reductions• Seek financing only for incremental costs• Development and communication through one of the ten GEF agencies

(support proposal approval process, development, implementation and management of projects)

Relevant projects in low carbon transport eligible for support under this GEF program may include:

o Design and implementation of sustainable urban strategies, policies, and regulations

o Innovative policies and mechanisms for freight and logistics services o Urban sustainable transport infrastructure and systems that reduce demand

for car travel, including road and parking policies and pricing, zoning and street/urban design codes, and congestion pricing.

Source: GEF website

Focal Point Kazakhstan:

Mr. Gani SADIBEKOV

Vice Minister, Ministry of Energy


10

GEF – selected example: Sustainable Transport in the City of Almaty

https://www.thegef.org/project/sustainable-transport-city-almaty

Objective: reduce transport related emissions and improve urban environmental conditions by (i) improving management of public transport; (ii) building capacity in Almaty to plan and implement integrated traffic efficiency

and quality of public transport; (iii) implement a demonstration project that raises awareness and knowledge on

sustainable urban transport

Status: completed (approved 2010, closed 1.2016) Implementing agency: UNDP Financials:

preparation grant: ~ 136,000 USDproject grant ~ 4.8 m USDtotal co-financing ~ 76 m USDtotal cost ~ 81.5 m USD

https://www.thegef.org/project/sustainable-transport-city-almaty


11

Selected Funds: Clean Technology Fund (CTF)• part of the Climate Investment Funds; operated by the World Bank in cooperation with

Multilateral Development Banks (MBDs)

• Aims to promote scaled up financing for demonstration, deployment and transfer of low-carbon technologies. CTF provides support for transport activities; coordinates actively with other institutions to mobilize co-financing and harmonize policy support

• Grants, loans, risk mitigation instruments for … preparation documents, investment plans and projects.

• Key characteristics:o eligible stakeholders: national / regional governmento Types of support: concepts, infrastructure, operation, capacity buildingo Level of intervention: national / regional / localo MRV requirement: moderateo Modes of support: includes urban public transporto Size of projects typically funded: > USD 1 m o Need for co-finance

Source: adapted from GIZ (2014).


12

CTF – Application procedure and access criteria

• Applicant to request a joint mission with World Bank and regional MDB to discuss proposed activities with country stakeholders and prepare investment plan

• Investment plan describes how CTF funding will be used, building on and complementing existing country strategies / activities; facilitates prioritisation of projects (see access criteria); examples available online

• Project documentation must support investment criteria and show additionality (project and emissionr reduction would not have taken place in absence of CF)

• Investment plan reviewed and endorsed by CTF Trust Fund Committee and MDB Board

1. Mitigation potential (emission reductions)

2. Cost – effectiveness (investment per t CO2 reduced)

3. Demonstration potential at scale

4. Additional costs and risk premium (support for commercially unviable projects)

5. Development impact (standard MDB appraisal criteria)

6. Implementation potential (proposals assessed in context of existing country and sector strategies, institution and implementation arrangements, long-term operation and maintenance provisions).

CTF Fact Sheet (8.2016): https://www-cif.climateinvestmentfunds.org/sites/default/files/knowledge-documents/50723_ctf_factsheet_web.pdf


13

CTF – Example: Kazakh CTF EBRD Investment Plan (Update 2013)

Source: Website Climate Investment Funds

• Background: Kazakh Railways operates one of the world’s largest railway networks, playing a key role in the country’s transport sector (59% of freight movements; 11% passenger traffic).

• Objective: upgrade Kazakh Railways with energy efficiency technologies (heat pumps, solar water heaters, gas boilers; upgrade lighting systems) through a ~ 15 m USD project, modernizing infrastructure for more reliable service provision

• Approval: TFC (2011); EBRD (2013)

• CTF Funding: 1.0 m USDCo-financing: ~ 28.4 m USD

Kazakh Railways: Sustainable Energy Programme


Selected Initiatives: ADB - Sustainable Transport Initiative• The Asian Development Bank approved in 2010 the Sustainable Transport Initiative -

that guides ADB investments in low-carbon, safe, accessible, and affordable transport systems and inclusive, clean, and energy-efficient transport policies and projects.

• Sustainable Transport Initiative aligns ADB transport operations with Strategy 2020 which features three guiding agendas: inclusive economic growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional integration.

• ADB has progressively shifted the focus of its transport sector portfolio to expand lending for urban transport and railway projects.

• ADB’s Sustainable Transport Initiative operational plan identifies key areas for new and enhanced lending to scale up support for sustainable infrastructure. These include investments in

o urban transport, support for low-carbon and climate resilient transport, o integration of safety in road investments, and cross-border transport and logistics.

• Complemented through ADBs Climate Change Fund & ADB Clean Energy Fundo Application procedure: coordinate with ADB’s operating department; use ADB

templates to submit application form, concept paper and project proposal.

https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/29105/brochure-sustainable-transport-initiative.pdf

https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/29105/brochure-sustainable-transport-initiative.pdf


15

Selected Initiatives: NAMA Facility• Objectiveso Support developing countries and emerging economies in implementing ambitious actions

to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions, NAMAs).

o NAMAs can function as an important vehicle to implement nationally determined contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement

• Key factso Multi-donor funds established by Germany and UK in 2013; Denmark and the European

Commission joined in 2015 as additional donors

o Total funding made available through the NAMA Facility since its inception: ~ EUR 262 m.

o In 3 Calls, 14 projects have been selected so far (last call ended 31 Oct. 2016)

o Managed by GIZ as the Grant Agent

o Projects must have an implementation period of 3-5 years and a budget of EUR 5-20m

o The Call is open to all regions and sectors


16

Selected Initiatives: NAMA Facility

NAMAs…mitigation measures:o should be country-driven and anchored in national development strategies and plans.

o should strive to be sector-wide programmes that are national in scope, even if regional or municipal elements could form part of the overall design.

o should consist of a combination of policies and financial mechanisms.

o Policies should serve to create an enabling environment and channel financial flows into low-carbon investments.

o Financial mechanisms should serve to address potential barriers for investment and leverage potential public support for mitigation activities.

o should leverage additional public and/or private capital investment. A strategy for self-sustained implementation at national level should be envisaged.


17

NAMA Facility – Application and SelectionPhase 1 (Outline Phase)short NSP Outlines that undergo a thorough desk and some of them an on-site assessment

by an independent external evaluator; Applicant: National Government (Ministry) or other legal entity with sufficient capacity and endorsed by Government

Phase 2 (Detailed Preparation Phase/Proposal Phase)Selection is based on the full-fledged proposal which is the outcome of the Detailed

Preparation Phase. Proposals successfully passing the assessment are recommended to the Board for final decision.

The Selection Criteria (4th Call; further calls expected)• Timely submission, Completeness of documents (including endorsement letters)• Documents provided in English• Envisaged implementation duration of 3-5 years• Qualification of the NAMA Facility funding as ODA finance• Funding volume for implementation: EUR 5-20 million • funding not used for the generation of GHG emission allowances

Ambition criteria: (i) potential for transformational change, (ii) leverage of private funding, (iii) mitigation potential


18

NAMA Facility – Implementation and monitoring

• Implementation by „support organisations“o Funding my not be provided directly to national government institutions,

o International institutions: development banks, UN agencies, development agencies, international NGOs, etc.

o National institutions: development banks / funds, public utilities, agencies, foundations, NGOs.

• Strong emphasis on monitoring and evaluationo Core indicators include

Emission reductionsNumber of direct beneficiariesPotential for transformational changePublic finance mobilised, private finance mobilised

o Sector specific indicators might apply (transport)


19

NAMA Facility – Example from transport sector Peru: Sustainable Urban Transport NAMA (2015-2019, 9 Mio Euro)

• to halt the trend towards urban sprawl dominated by cars and afflicted by serious traffic jams, poor road safety and low air quality.

• two building blocks: high quality public transport provision and vehicle fleet optimisation.

• Progress in these areas requires several changes:o A policy matrix will drive this vision through integrating the partners’ common agenda in a

structured wayo six major approaches to emission reduction:

Integrated mass public transit system in the metropolitan area of Lima Non-motorised transport Institutional set-up for urban transport management Control and mitigation of GHG emissions and local pollutants from motor vehicles Modernisation of the public transport motor vehicle fleet Support to local authorities on sustainable urban transport.

Greenhouse gas emissions are to be reduced by at least 2.2 million tonnes CO2 between 2012 and 2022


Thank you !

[email protected]

www.kpc-consulting.at

http://www.kpc-consulting.at/


Back up Slides


22

Introduction to Climate Finance• Global Climate Finance Architecture

Source: Overseas Development Institute (2013).


23

The 6 GCF Investment Criteria

Source: GCF website

1. Climate impact potential: describes the mitigation and adaptation impact through programme

specific indicators. For mitigation: Tons of C02 equivalents avoided

2. Paradigm shift potential: describes aspects such as potential for scaling up, potential for

knowledge and learning, contribution to enabling environment, regulatory framework and

policies, contribution to climate resilient development pathways.

3. Sustainable development potential: environmental, social, economic, gender-related co-

benefits.

4. Needs of recipient: includes aspects such as vulnerability of the country, vulnerable groups,

need for strengthening institutions, etc.

5. Country ownership: covers coherence with existing policies and stakeholder engagement.

6. Effectiveness and efficiency: ensures financial adequacy and appropriate concessionality of

GCF funds (i.e. least concessionality to make the proposal viable),