Desarrollo de nuevas technologis

para la produccion de ovas de

calidad (trucha arco iris)

Presented by: Andrew Barfoot

Troutlodge

• Leading producer of eyed rainbow trout

eggs

– 2008

2011??

Countries

??

Clients

400 Million Eggs

Genetics Program

Objectives

1. Provide a superior product by using technology and

advanced methods of broodstock management.

2. Implement current academic research and

technology into our program to ensure it benefits

farmers and clients worldwide.

Current Research: GxE

• Background

– Who is Involved:

• Troutlodge Inc. and Wageningen University (Netherlands)

• Cooperation with customers, non-profit , government

organizations.

– Forellenzucht Trostadt (Germany)

– Piscifactoria de los Andes (Peru)

– Freshwater Institute (West Virginia, USA)

– USDA: Center for Cool and Coldwater Aquaculture (West Virginia, USA)

Current Research: GxE

• Basis of GxE

GenesEnvironment

Interactions (G x E)

P = G + E + G x EPerformance

Current Research: GxE

– Research Question : • How does environment influence performance?

– Harvest Weight (BWH), Average Daily Gain (ADG), Thermal Growth

Coefficient (TGC)

TL USA

Brood

SelectionMany Different

Environments

Current Research: GxE

• Experiment Design:

– Nested mating design (1 Male: 1-3 Females)

– 4 Commercial environments

– 100 Full-Sib families / environment

– 25 random individuals / family

Location Abb. Environmental description Washington State, USA NUC Breeding environmentWest Virginia, USA RAS Partial reused water systemTiticaca Lake, Peru ALT High elevated farm with low oxygenGermany TEM Low water temperature

Current Research: GxE

• Potential Outcomes:

– Genetic correlation between TL and rearing environment:

» Low genetic correlation between TL and Env 2

» Indication of strong GxE = Selection at TL not optimum for all

environments.

Trait Environment

Env 1 Env 2 Env 3

Body Weight Harvest 0.61 0.25 0.53

Thermal Growth Coef. 0.35 0.31 0.36

Average Daily Gain 0.61 0.25 0.58

Current Research GxE

• Continuing Research:

– Further analyzing current data and determine

environmental effects

– Evaluate which factors have most influence on

performance.

– Verify results with other strains

– Develop optimized breeding program

• One strain – growth input from multiple environments

• Possible development of strains for specific environments

Current Research: All-Female

• Background

• Troutlodge only sells all-female fish:

– Better phenotypic characteristics including later

maturation, growth uniformity etc.

• Current production method

• Early-age Methyl-testosterone treatments causes

XX females to develop male gonads.

• XX males crossed with normal females = all

female stocks

Current Research: All-Female

• Alternative method needed

– Use of Methyl-testosterone becoming much more

regulated.

• Autosomal males

– Potential for alternative method

• Naturally occurring XX males

• Contain genetic mutation on non-sex chromosome that

causes development of male gonad.

• Very rare occurrence in TL populations

Current Research: All-Female

• USDA SBIR grant

– Cooperation with Washington State

University

– Evaluate effectiveness of using

autosomal males as new method of

all female production.

– Map genetic mutation to identify

region causing mutation.

Eacaagg10wOMY1048UW

Eaccaga12w

Eactacc10aEaacacg09c Eaacagg295aEaagacg219a Eaccaag490aEaccaca01a Eaccacg01aEacgatg08a Eacacag02wEacgaca09a Eacgagt02aEagcagt11a Eagcatc01aEaccatc122a Eactacc09wEacgatc03a

Etccctt01a

Eacccag07a

Eaccaca14a

Eacaagc11a

1.3

10.8

13.6

5.3

2.8

25.6

9.3

14.3

13.4

co

rt-2

bod

yle

ng

th-1

WA-XIV

Current Research: SNP Chip

• Genotyping:

– Current Method: 9 microsatellite markers

• Analyze genetic variation within and between strains

and year classes

– NCCCWA: SNP Chip

• Development of a new SNP Chip for rapid

genotyping

Current Research: SNPs

• SNP = Single Nucleotide polymorphism

– SNP Chip = array of SNPs allowing genotyping of 10s

of thousands of SNPs at a single time.

Current Research: SNP

• Potential Applications:

– Allows more complete genotyping and population

monitoring.

– Genomic Selection

• Some SNPs Linked to various traits

• Potential for selection based on genotype as well as

phenotype ( Marker Assisted Selection)

In Conclusion

• Continue to seek improvement through new

technology.

• Molecular genetics allows new opportunities

for enhancement.