COOPERATION BETWEEN

RESEARCH INSTITUTES &

LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

ICLEI World Congress – Seoul, South Korea – April 9, 2015 ANI DASGUPTA, GLOBAL DIRECTOR, WRI ROSS CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE CITIES, WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE (WRI)

Photo  :  Andrew  Stokols

Sources: Land use and emissions, UN-HABITAT. Infrastructure needs, Resilient Cities. Air pollution and traffic fatalities, WHO; IEA. 2008. World Energy Outlook 2008. Paris: International Energy Agency; Communitas Coalition, 2014. Universal Access to Affordable Housing. CO2 figure: UN-HABITAT

>70% OF ENERGY-RELATED

CO2 EMISSIONS

3.7 M ANNUAL PREMATURE AIR

POLLUTION DEATHS

1.2 M ANNUAL TRAFFIC

FATALITIES

+2.5 billion people, a 63% increase EXPECTED INCREASE IN URBAN POP. BY 2050

2

THE URBAN CHALLENGE Risky business-as-usual

Source: OECD Environmental Outlook 2050, World Economic Forum, Infrastructure figure Global Infrastructure Basel. Photo by Andreas/Flickr

THE URBAN POTENTIAL A window of opportunity to get cities right

80% CITIES’ SHARE OF GLOBAL GDP

$5 TRILLION ANNUAL GLOBAL INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT NEEDED OVER NEXT 20 YEARS

75% OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE IN 2050 YET TO BE BUILT

3

Urban population +70%

GHG Emissions +65%

Traffic deaths +180%

Land area +500%

0%

100%

200%

300%

400%

500%

600%

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Percentage Change Expected from 2010

CURRENT TRENDS ARE UNSUSTAINABLE

Sources -- Urban population: NCE. 2014. Cities paper on Transformative Urban Growth; Prosperity: MGI. 2011. Mapping Our Urban World; GHG Emissions: Global GHG Calculator. 2014; Land area: Scientific American. 2012; Traffic deaths and injuries: WHO. 2013. Linear projection from Global Status Report on Road Safety data.

4

Cities are key to global sustainability.

Cities needed to meet a 2-degree scenario to address climate change.

Photo: Asian Development Bank/Flickr

WE NEED SOLUTIONS, BUT ALSO KNOWLEDGE OF HOW TO IMPLEMENT THEM

Institutions Partnerships Financing

5

HOW DO WE CHANGE COURSE? Towards livability, productivity, sustainability

NEED FOR BOTH SCALE AND CUSTOMIZATION

Visuals: BRTData.org, T. Policanti/EMBARQ Mexico

Scaling for GLOBAL impact

LOCAL customization

6

PARTNERSHIPS

Source: WRI

The key to delivering both LOCAL and GLOBAL impact

•  Global platforms like city networks (ICLEI, C40) allow rapid scaling of solutions and knowledge sharing

Scaling for GLOBAL Impact

•  Working with city governments, local businesses, bus driver unions, planners for 10+ years in key cities

Customized LOCAL Solutions

Mexico City DF

7

BUS RAPID TRANSIT: THE ROLE OF SCALING AND CUSTOMIZING

Photo:  Taís  Polican7/EMBARQ  Mexico

8

0"

40"

80"

120"

160"

200"

0"

5"

10"

15"

20"

25"

1965" 1970" 1975" 1980" 1985" 1990" 1995" 2000" 2005" 2010"

Cum

ulat

ive

Num

ber o

f Citi

es"

New

Citi

es"

NUMBER OF CITIES WITH BUS PRIORITY SYSTEMS

Partners:

2000: Bogotá (TransMilenio)"

1974: Curitiba"1968: Liège"

Source: BRTData.org, February 2015. City counted at start year for bus system.

2007: Istanbul BRT"

2009: Ahmedabad BRT"

2002: Mexico City"

9

.org

Source: WRI

HOW DID THIS HAPPEN?

High-profile successes

Knowledge sharing

Conferences

National funding mechanisms

10

Source: BRTData.org, WRI

Guangzhou, China

BRT IN 190 CITIES AROUND THE WORLD

iBus-Indore, India Ahmedabad, India Bogota, Colombia

Mexico City, Mexico

11

MEXICO CITY’S METROBUS

Photo: WRI

12

Photo: Mexico City

•  19 million people •  22 million trips per day •  4,000 deaths per year due to pollution •  No coordinated transport policy at the

federal, state, and municipal levels

MEXICO CITY, 2002 13

FORMING A PARTNERSHIP

Source: EMBARQ Mexico

WRI partners with Mexico City, Ministry of Environment to find solutions to city’s pollution and transport problems

2002: Center for Sustainable Transport (now EMBARQ Mexico) formed

WRI performs research, financial analyses, arranges site visits for city officials to view existing BRT systems in Curitiba and Bogota

14

Source: EMBARQ Mexico, Dario Hidalgo

BRINGING PRIVATE SECTOR “ON BOARD”

•  Individual owners of minibuses initially oppose new BRT

•  Government negotiates with microbus owners to consolidate into a single company

•  EMBARQ Mexico supports this process: –  technical assistance –  financial calculations

15

Photo Source: EMBARQ Mexico

•  Coalition convinces Secretary of Transport and Mayor of Mexico City of the feasibility of BRT

•  2005: First 20 km line of BRT system (called Metrobús) unveiled on a primary arterial road in Mexico City

SUPPORTING LOCAL GOVERNMENTS 16

METROBUS TODAY

Source: EMBARQ Mexico

•  1 million daily ridership •  5 lines in service, 6th in

construction, 7th announced

•  Integrated system connects to existing metro network

•  122,000 tons of CO2 reduced annually

•  Reduced vehicle accidents by 20%

17

GLOBAL PLATFORMS FOR SCALING SOLUTIONS Global Protocol for Community-scale Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GPC)

18

FRAMEWORK

GPC is the first, global standard to consistently measure city-level emissions.

-  Accounting -  Reporting -  City-wide

Source: WRI

19

WHY GPC?

Source: World Energy Outlook

Different types of measurements

Account for only a portion of emissions

Unclear if targets will be met

Incomplete data limits investment

Unable to relate to national

climate action

WITHOUT GPC

One measurement Consistently account for all

emissions

Emissions trajectory will understood

Good data drives investment

Can measure city’s contribution to national action

WITH GPC

20

LEAD AUTHORS

Over 30 years experience in promoting sustainability worldwide

Represent 70 mega and innovative cities across the globe

Represent >1,200 local governments across the globe

21

Photo Source: EMBARQ Brasil

GOVERNANCE PROCESS

•  Advisory Committee •  Transparent Trials •  Pilot cities selected

from all over the world •  Rio de Janeiro

(pictured) becomes one of first cities to implement standards

22

October 2011 Launched GHGP City Project

Year 2 (2013): 60+ cities use GPC to measure emissions

Year One (2012) Launched GPC Pilot Version 1.0

100+ cities adopt GPC

Year 3 (2014): Publish GPC Final Version, Convene 100 cities to adopt the GPC

HOW DID WE GET HERE? 23

TESTED IN PILOT CITIES + WIDELY ENDORSED

Photo: Juliana Swenson/The Climate Group

Tested and scaled in 35 cities on 6 continents �

24

Endorsed by the Compact of Mayors �

CONSISTENLY CREATING SYSTEMATIC KNOWLEDGE

Photo; Andrew Stokols, Pictured: Seoul Dongdaemun Design Plaza

solutions evaluate adapt

re-evaluate scale

25

PARTNERSHIPS =

SUSTAINABLE LOCAL SOLUTIONS

CONSISTENLY CREATING SYSTEMATIC KNOWLEDGE

Photo; Andrew Stokols, Pictured: Seoul Dongdaemun Design Plaza

26

PARTNERSHIPS =

SUSTAINABLE LOCAL SOLUTIONS

Join us!