Concept of Sustainability and High Performance

Buildings

23rd March, 2017

Definitions Detrimental Effects Sustainability HPBs LCA Embodied Energy

Contents

Interactions Building Ratings Sustainable Design Green Materials Case Study Conclusion

Natural Environment comprises of all living and non-living things naturally existing in a given environment.

Built Environment, refers to human made surroundings that help human survival with comfort.

Built Environment interacts with Natural environment in various

ways. Throughout their life cycle, from Pre construction to Post

Construction and then demolition, they consume resources in the

form of energy, water, materials, etc. and emit wastes.

Green House Gasses (GHG) A greenhouse gas is any gaseous compound in the

atmosphere that is capable of absorbing infrared radiation, thereby trapping and holding

heat in the atmosphere. By increasing the heat in the

atmosphere, greenhouse gases are responsible for

the greenhouse effect, which ultimately leads to global

warming.

Global Warming

Global Warming is the increase of Earth's average surface

temperature due to effect of greenhouse gases, such as

carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels or from

deforestation, which trap heat that would otherwise escape

from Earth.

Global Warming

Average Global Temperature

According to NASA, the average Global Temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8° Celsius (1.4°

Fahrenheit) since 1880. Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15-0.20°C

per decade.

Global Mean Surface air temperature estimated

14°C (57°F), with an uncertainty of several

tenths of a degree.

Global Warming Potentials (GWPs)

Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) are a quantified measure of the globally averaged relative radiative forcing impacts of a particular greenhouse gas. It is defined as the cumulative radiative forcing – both direct and indirect effects – integrated over a period of time from the emission of a unit mass of gas relative to some reference gas (IPCC 1996). Carbon dioxide (CO2) was chosen by the IPCC as this reference gas and its GWP is set equal to one (1). GWP values allow you to compare the impacts of emissions and reductions of different gases.

Global Warming Potential (GWP)

Urban Heat Island Effect

RECENT COP21 SUMMIT HELD AT

PARIS , CALLS FOR RESTRICTING GLOBAL

AVERAGE TEMPERATURE NOT

TO EXCEED 2 0C.195 COUNTRIES PARTICIPATED.JOINT PLEDGE.

GREAT CONCERN.

Need of the Hour is !!!

LCA - SYSTEM BOUNDARIESC TO G - C TO S – C TO G – C TO C

CRADLE TO CRADLE

Embodied Energy

Embodied energy is the total non-renewable energy that goes into the manufacture of a material and plays a large role in the choice of building materials. It is an important factor to consider when assessing the life cycle of a building and it relates directly to the sustainability of the built environment.

EMBODIED ENERGY (EE)

INITIAL EMBODIED ENERGY

RECURRING EMBODIED ENERGY

OPERATIONAL ENERGY

WE START HERE

COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTION PHENOMENA

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

EMBODIED ENERGY GLOBAL

WARMING

SUSTAINABILITY

SYNERGIC EFFECT

TETRAHEDRON MODEL

BUZZ WORDS OF TODAYEco Friendly Buildings (EFB’s), Green Buildings,

Sustainable Buildings, Energy Efficient Buildings – are a few buzz words in today’s construction scenario. All

these essentially fall under the ambit of one big umbrella

High Performance Buildings (HFB’s)

.

What is a Green Building? A Green Building, also known as a sustainable

building, a High Performance Building, is a structure that is designed, built, renovated,

operated, or re-used in an ecological and resource efficient manner

“A green building is one which uses less water, optimizes energy efficiency, conserves natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier spaces for occupants as compared to a conventional building”.

Source: shiva9990/energy-efficiency-in-green-building

Protecting occupant’s health

Improving productivity

Using energy, water and other resources more efficiently

Reducing overall impact to the environment

Optimal environmental and economic performance

Satisfying and quality indoor spaces

Objectives of a Green Building

High Performance Buildings in India can be defined as buildings that have integrated bioclimatic solar passive architectural design strategies and energy efficiency measures as recommended by ECBC. When High Performance Buildings integrate Building Automation for optimizing the services and better monitoring, they become :

‘High Performance Smart Buildings’

High Performance Building-HPB

• REDUCED ENERGY & WATER CONSUMPTION

• CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

• LIMITED WASTE GENERATION

• REDUCED POLLUTION LOADS

• IMPROVED INDOOR AIR QUALITY

• REDUCTION OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE

• RECYCLING POSSIBILITY

• BETTER HUMAN, ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE

Advantages / Benefits of HPB

• MINIMIZE RESOURCE CONSUMPTION ( CONSERVE)

• MAXIMIZE RESOURCE REUSE

• USE RENEWABLE / RECYCLABLE RESOURCES

• PROTECT NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

• CREATE HEALTHY NON TOXIC AMBIENCE

• APPLY LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS

• BUILD QUALITY BUILT ENVIRONMENT

Design Considerations

WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE

DESIGN

HPB is the practice of minimizing the impact a building has on the environment

AVERAGE SAVINGS OF GREEN BUILDINGS

High Performance Components

Building Automation Components

• Light controls, Water Control• Access control (Egress and Entry to a house), • Fire detection, Burglar alarm system• Electricity monitoring & control, • Security information including Video Camera• Control of home appliances• Garage Door & Entrance gate operation• Pre-programmed Retractable sunshades• And many more such activities......

Building Automation Features

Good Indoor Air Quality Good Indoor air quality

encompasses factors as maintenance of acceptable temperature, relative humidity, control of airborne contaminants, and adequate ventilation.

Thermal comfort begins with good design, proper building management, and seeks to avoid uneven temperatures, radiant heat gains or losses (e.g., from window areas), draftiness, stuffiness, excessive dryness, or high relative humidity .

Green Building Ratings

A green building rating system is an evaluation tool that measures environmental performance of a building through its life cycle.

It comprises of a set of criteria covering various parameters related to design, construction and operation of a green building.

Each criterion has pre-assigned points and sets performance benchmarks and goals that are largely quantifiable.

A project is awarded points once it fulfils the rating criteria.

Globally, green building rating systems are largely voluntary in nature.

Green Building Ratings

Green Building Rating Systems

BREEAM LEED GREEN STAR CASBEE

Excellent Platinum Six Star

Very Good Gold Five Star S

Good Silver Four Star A

Pass Certified Three Star B+

Two Star B

One Star C

Table showing Grading Points (Source: BRE 2008)

Green Building Rating systems in India

GRIHA (Green Rating for integrated habitat

assessment) is India’s own rating system

jointly developed by TERI and the Ministry of

New and Renewable Energy, Government of

India.

IGBC rates green buildings in four

different categories: IGBC green homes,

IGBC green factory building, LEED India for

new construction, LEED India for core and

shell.

Rating system for buildings based

on 1 to 5 stars scale. More stars

mean more energy efficiency.

Bee has developed the Energy

Performance Index (EPI). The unit of

kilo watt hours per square meter

per year is considered for rating the

building and especially targets air

conditioned and non-air

conditioned office building

BEE (Bureau of Energy Efficiency)

Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC)

The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), Government of India, launched the ECBC-Energy Conservation Building Code-in 2007 for commercial buildings with peak demand in excess of 500 kW. Analysis done during the development of the ECBC shows energy savings in the range of 27%–40% in an ECBC-compliant building over a typical commercial building with an annual energy consumption of 200 kWh/m2.

5-APPLICABLE BUILDING SYSTEMS

ENVELOPE

HVAC

LIGHTING

ELECTRICAL POWER

SOLAR WATER & PUMPING

MANDATORY

WHOLE BUILDING PERFORMANCE METHOD (WBP)

PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD

COMPLIANCE APPROACHES

ECBC COMPLIANCE PROCESS

ENVELOPE

HVAC

LIGHTING

ELECTRICAL POWER

India’s First Green Building

Some High Performance Buildings

Perfect blend of traditional and contemporary architecture.

Energy simulation undertaken to orient the building minimizing the heat ingress while allowing natural daylight to penetrate abundantly.

The green building boasts a 50% saving in overall energy consumption, 35 % reduction in potable water consumption and usage of 80% of recycled / recyclable material.

CII – Sohrabji Godrej Green

Business Centre Hyderabad.

The first LEED Platinum rated

green building in India.

Built-up Area1900 Sqm; 4.5

acres plot.

Salient Features

Building Management Systems (BMS) installed for real time monitoring of energy consumption.

The use of aerated concrete blocks for facades reduces the load on air-conditioning by 15-20%.

Double-glazed units with argon gas filling between the glass panes enhance the thermal properties.

Zero Water Discharge Building All of the wastewater, including grey and black water, generated in the building is treated biologically through a process called the Root Zone Treatment System. The treated water is used for landscaping

Materials and Resources 80% of the materials used in the building are sourced within 500 miles from the project site.

Most of the construction material also uses post-consumer and industrial waste as a raw material during the manufacturing process.

Fly-ash based bricks, glass, aluminum, and ceramic tiles, which contain consumer and industrial waste, are used in constructing the building to encourage the usage of recycled content.

Office furniture is made of bagasse based composite wood. More than 50% of the construction waste is recycled within the building or sent to other sites and diverted from landfills.

20% of the building energy requirements are catered to by solar photovoltaic. The solar PV has an installed capacity of 23.5 kW. Indoor Air Quality Indoor air quality is continuously monitored.

The use of low volatile organic compound (VOC) paints and coatings, adhesives, sealants, and carpets also helps to improve indoor air quality.

Salient Features

Salient Features Fenestration maximized on the north orientation Rain water harvesting Water-less urinals in men’s restroom Water-efficient fixtures Energy-efficient lighting systems Roof garden covering 60% of building area Large vegetative open spaces Storm water collection Maximum day lighting

Incr

emen

tal C

ost

6-8 %

and P

ayba

ck

time 4

year

s

Benefits:

No Artificial Lighting in Day time

– 120000 KWh energy savings

per year- Excellent Indoor air

Quality- High Productivity- 20 to

30% saving in usage of potable

water.

Reduction in CO2

emissions-100 tons

/ year

• Rooftop solar panels• Increased insulation• Energy efficient Windows• Programmable thermostats• Low VOCs in paints, • Green building materials• Water efficient plumbing fixtures• Compact florescent lighting• Landscaping with native plants• Water conservation measures• Protected green space

Typical HPBDURING

CONSTRUCTION

SUZLON ONE - BUILDING , PUNE

ITC GREEN CENTER

ECO FRIENDLY CONSTRUCTION

BUILDINGS

CONCEPT STAGE

DESIGN STAGE

MATERIAL SELECTIONIMPLEMENTATION

STAGE

DURING CONSTRUCTION

POST CONSTRUCTION

STAGE

STAGES OF HPB CONSTRUCTION

Integrated approach

CONCEPT STAGE

Design considerations and Energy Conservation Measures strategically vary from place to place as functions of climatic parameters. India has been divided into five climate zones- Hot and Dry, Hot and Humid, Composite, Cold and Moderate. EFBs designed under these varying climatic conditions will also exhibit varying energy efficient features depending on the type of building.

World over, the construction industry is seen as a major consumer of energy resources. As a result, there has been a conscious movement in the industry to address this issue.

Architects and Engineers are trying techniques that are termed :

‘ Eco Friendly Architecture '

CONCEPT STAGE

DESIGN STEPS

1. CALCULATE ACTUAL BILL OF QUANTITIES OF VARIOUS INPUT MATERIALS.

2. USING EMBODIED ENERGY AND EMBODIED CARBON DATA INVENTORY TABLES CALCULATE THE TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMED BY THE BUILDING. ( THIS EXCLUDES OPERATIONAL PHASE OF THE BUILDING)

3. APPLY RECYCLABILITY CRITERIA WHEREVER POSSIBLE.

4. CALCULATE THE ACTUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE OF THE BUILDING.

5. ARRIVE AT TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMED.

6. REPEAT THE EXERCISE WITH LOW ENERGY ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS TO ACHIEVE LOW ENERGY BUILDING.

MATERIAL SELECTION

WHY ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALS?

Production of building materials

leads to irreversible environmental

impacts.

Phenomenal growth in the construction

industry that depends upon depletable

resources.

EMBODIED ENERGY

MATERIAL SELECTION

• Choose products with the least toxic manufacturing process

• Choose products that are manufactured with the least energy intensive processes

• Consider reused building materials

• Specify sustainable products, preferably with recycled content

NEW GEN BUILDING MATERIALS

• BENDABLE CONCRETE

• SELF HEALING CONCRETE

• TRANSLUCENT CONCRETE

• ELECTRIFIED WOOD

• BIO ENGINEERED BRICKS

• SENSITILES

• ELECTROCHROMIC GLASS

• LIQUID GRANITE

• CARBON FIBERS

• BIOMIMICRY

• COMPOSITES

• ECO BRICKS

• BASALT RODS

• CONCRETE LUMBERS

• INTELLIGENT FIXTURES

• FACADES AND PANELS

• SOLAR FILMS

• INTELLIGENT FACADES

MATERIALS

ELECTROCHROMIC SMART GLASSMATERIAL SELECTION

Nano technology in manufacture that regulates reflectivity and transparency of

glass.

Green technology, like solar power, may seem pricey up front compared, but over a lifetime of use,

you'll end up saving on energy costs.

Solar PowerMATERIALS

A cool roof improves the interior temperature of a building, either by reflecting intense heat or

trapping the air inside.

Gree

n Ro

ofs

MATERIALS

Rammed Earth Brick

An office building for Leeds, UK that features a modern façade formed from Rammed Earth. The project employs a variety of Passive Design

principles and also harvests solar energy to help run the building’s electrical and cooling systems. The result is a building built-to-last that

showcases the best of passive and active green building strategies.

MAT

ERIA

LS

LIQUID GRANITE

BENDABLE CONCRETE

TRANSLUCENT CONCRETE

SENSITILES

MATERIALS

ELECTRIFIED WOOD

FLYASH UNFIRED -ECO BRICKS BARK SIDINGS AND SHINGLES

MATERIALS

BIO ENGINEERED BRICKSFlip A Switch And An

ELECTROCHROMIC Window Can Change From Clear To

Fully Darkened Or Any Level Of Tint In-between.

SAND AND BACTERIA

FOR HARDENING

MATERIALS

Blocks are stacked without mortar, and the center core of the stacked blocks is filled

with grout to form a solid concrete core that separates the other two air cores.

MATERIALSMortar Less Blocks

AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE BLOCKS

Benefits:

• Completely recyclable • Precisely dimensioned • Allow rapid construction • Requires less on site adjustment • Increased productivity

MATERIALS

1. High performance Concrete ( HPC )

2. Self Compacting Concrete (SCC)

3. Fiber Reinforced concrete (FRC)

4. Polymer Modified Concrete (PMC)

5. High Volume Flyash Concrete (HVFC)

6. Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC)

7. Self Healing Concrete / Bacterial Concrete

8. Cement and Admixtures

DURING CONSTRUCTION CONCRETE

Steel and Cement are

the most used raw materials on Planet

Earth.Developing Nations:

Steel – 129 Kg /Person/YrCement –222 kg/person/yr

Construction MechanisationDURING

CONSTRUCTION

• Speed of Construction• Timely Completion• Quality Maintenance• Cost Effectiveness• Higher Productivity• Reduced Manpower• Worker Safety

REINFORCEMENT

DURING CONSTRUCTION

MONOLITHIC CONSTRUCTION

The benefits of using aluminum forms are superior to the old method of plywood forming for formed cast-in-place concrete. Apart from the dimensional stability of the forms, the overall quality of the pour seems much better with tighter tolerances.

DURING CONSTRUCTION

SLIP FORM TECHNOLOGYDURING

CONSTRUCTION

PRECAST TECHNOLOGY

DURING CONSTRUCTION

DURING CONSTRUCTION

PRE ENGINEERED BUILDINGS

AUTO LEVEL PLASTERING MACHINES

DURING CONSTRUCTION

A Net - Zero Energy building is one that relies on renewable sources to produce as much energy as it uses, usually as measured over the course of a year. 

Net Zero Energy Buildings

SUSTAINABILITY

“ Sustainable development refers to a mode of human development in which resource use aims to

meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not

only in the present, but also for future generations to come”

SLIDESHARE PPT LINKSwww.slideshare.net/sabnisajit/smart-cities-sustainable-devmadurai?qid=a04d6623-41f2-448e-bd8e-3a51d3582cfe&v=&b=&from_search=1

www.slideshare.net/sabnisajit/an-overview-of-emerging-trends-in-construction-technologies?qid=63d1f452-896e-4c47-8c18-0fed6b811b66&v=&b=&from_search=2

www.slideshare.net/sabnisajit/low-enrgy-buildings-as-trend-setters?qid=3e7055fa-122d-4e25-a7b6-249766487ce4&v=&b=&from_search=4

www.slideshare.net/sabnisajit/redecon-2016-international-conference-on-tall-structures?qid=2531e57e-9d76-4421-8da6-38fe37071ed8&v=&b=&from_search=1

THANK YOU ALL