Upload
stepscotland
View
119
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Collaborative Sensor Rotation Programme (CSRP)
Low Cost Monitoring: collaborating on increasing the
coverage and reducing the cost
Jacqueline Barr, IBI Group
Overview
Co-location & Field Trials
Project drivers
Sensors
Collaboration
Aims & vision
Findings so far
Next Steps
5
2
4
3
1
6
7
Conduct a series of
air quality
assessments by
piloting low cost
sensors at chosen
locations on the
trunk road network
between
November 2013
and November
2014
CSRP - Project Aims & Objectives
• Build a collaborative community
• Gather real data and create a baseline
• Work with air quality instrument supply
chain
• Develop Environmental Incident
Management System
• Improve traffic management
algorithms
• Provide evidence of fleet change and
air quality trends
• Support scheme before and after
assessment
Long Term Vision: Environmental Incident Management System
The AQM units will allow for roadside air quality levels to be
monitored in real time.
With their integration into ITS, with modelled AQ, weather and traffic
data, can be used to provide information to the public, change driver
behaviour or divert traffic away from a region.
Traffic
Management
Algorithm
2. Live Environmental
Sensor Data
- measured using “low
cost” sensors
3. Local AQM Data
- measured pollution
levels from Local
Authority Stations
1. Modelled Data
- using microsimulation
post processing tools
Algorithm
Outputs
Dynamic
Actions
Message
Generator
HIGH AIR
POLLUTION IN
TOWN
Live Traffic
Data
Weather Data
Local Air Quality Management Areas
Local Authority #
City of Aberdeen 3
Fife 2
Dundee City 1
Perth and Kinross 2
Falkirk 5
North Lanarkshire 6
East Dunbartonshire 2
Renfrewshire 1
Glasgow City 3
South Lanarkshire 1
Midlothian 1
City of Edinburgh 5
East Lothian 1
West Lothian 1
Highland 1
Total 35
Low carbon 2011 Low carbon prediction
2.3M cars in 2011.
12% at less than 130g/km.
1% at less than 95g/km.
Perhaps fleet peaking
A mix of low emission propulsion technologies
may develop to contribute to largely decarbonise
transport by 2050
Traffic carbon predictions
Scottish
Transport
Emission
Partnership
• Presentations
• Scottish
Urban Air
Quality Group
Working with others
SEPA
• Peer review
• Field trial
• Seeking
wider funding
Local Authorities
• Edinburgh
• Fife
• Dundee
• Glasgow
• Perth &
Kinross
http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/air-quality
Monthly briefing notes
Academia
• Academic
review
• PhD input
• Equipment
Equipment
Suppliers
• Envirologger
• TDC Systems
• PerkinElmer
AQMesh
• Electrochemical sensors
• Measuring gases
• Battery powered
TDC HI-TRAC PM
• Nephelometer
• Measuring PM2.5
• Mains powered
CSRP Equipment Shift in environmental data collection:
• Smaller
• Higher spatial
& temporal resolution
• Lower cost
• Lower power
• Real-time data
SIDEPAK
• Aerosol Monitor
• Measuring PM2.5
• Battery or mains powered
AEROQUAL
• Electrochemical & metal oxide sensors
• Measuring single gas
• Battery or mains powered
OSIRIS
• Nephelometer
• Measuring PM1, PM2.5, PM10 & TSP
• Mains powered
DYLOS
• Laser Counter
• Measuring PM2.5
• Battery or mains powered
Glasgow Townhead Monitoring Site
• Existing urban background site measuring NO, NO2, O3, black
carbon, PM1, PM10 & PM2.5 using conventional analysers
• Phase 1: trial equipment installed 1 September:
– 2 x AQMesh gas monitors
– 2 x TDC HiTRAC PM2.5 monitors
• Phase 2: October
– 2 x SidePak PM2.5 monitors
– 2 x Aeroqual NO2
– 2 x Aeroqual O3 sensors
– 3 x OSIRIS PM monitors
Glasgow Townhead Monitoring Site: NO a
un
_n
o, a
qm
esh
7_
no
, a
qm
esh
14
_n
o
0
50
100
Sep 08 Sep 09 Sep 10 Sep 11 Sep 12 Sep 13
aun_no aqmesh7_no aqmesh14_no
• Good time series agreement
• R2 of 0.89 and 0.91
NO
(pp
b)
Glasgow Townhead Monitoring Site: NO2
au
n_
NO
2, a
qm
esh
7_
NO
2, a
qm
esh
14
_N
O2
0
10
20
30
40
Sep 08 Sep 09 Sep 10 Sep 11 Sep 12 Sep 13
aun_NO2 aqmesh7_NO2 aqmesh14_NO2
• Poor time series agreement
• R2 of 0.13 and 0.01
• Cross-sensitivity to O3
NO
2 (
pp
b)
Glasgow Townhead Monitoring Site: NO2 a
un
_N
O2, co
rr_
aq
7_
NO
2, co
rr_
aq
14
_N
O2
10
20
30
40aun_N
O2
-20
0
20
corr
_aq7_N
O2
-40
-20
0
20
40
Sep 08 Sep 09 Sep 10 Sep 11 Sep 12 Sep 13
corr
_aq14_N
O2
aun_NO2 corr_aq7_NO2 corr_aq14_NO2
• Accounting for cross-sensitivity improves trend agreement
• R2 of 0.62 and 0.48
NO
2 (
pp
b)
Glasgow Townhead Monitoring Site: SidePak PM2.5 P
M2.5
, sid
e1
_P
M2.5
, sid
e2
_P
M2.5
0
10
20
30
40
Oct 08 Oct 09 Oct 10 Oct 11 Oct 12 Oct 13 Oct 14
PM2.5 side1_PM2.5 side2_PM2.5
• Reasonable trend agreement between the AUN and SidePak PM2.5
• R2 of 0.67 and 0.81
PM
2.5
(µ
gm
-3)
Glasgow Townhead Monitoring Site: HI-TRAC PM2.5 P
M2.5
, h
itra
c1
01
7_
PM
2.5
, h
itra
c1
01
8_
PM
2.5
0
5
10
15
Oct 08 Oct 09 Oct 10 Oct 11 Oct 12 Oct 13 Oct 14
PM2.5 hitrac1017_PM2.5 hitrac1018_PM2.5
• Reasonable trend agreement between the AUN and HI-TRAC PM2.5
• R2 of 0.77 and 0.72
PM
2.5
(µ
gm
-3)
Glasgow Townhead Monitoring Site: HI-TRAC PM2.5
Time series - Townhead TEOM FDMS, HI-Trac PM2.5, 3-9 Nov 2014 te
om
fdm
s_
PM
2.5
, h
t10
17
_P
M2.5
, h
t10
18
_P
M2.5
0
50
100
150
Nov 04 Nov 05 Nov 06 Nov 07 Nov 08 Nov 09 Nov 10
teomfdms_PM2.5 ht1017_PM2.5 ht1018_PM2.5
PM
2.5
(µ
gm
-3)
0 50 100 150
02
04
06
08
01
00
TEOM FDMS PM2.5 ( gm-3
)
Hi-
Tra
c 1
01
7 P
M2.5
(g
m-3
)
OLS - TEOM FDMS PM2.5 & Hi-Trac 1017 PM2.5
0 50 100 150
02
04
06
08
01
00
TEOM FDMS PM2.5 ( gm-3
)
Hi-
Tra
c 1
01
8 P
M2.5
(g
m-3
)OLS - TEOM FDMS PM2.5 & Hi-Trac 1018 PM2.5
y = 0.67x + 0.79
R2 = 0.97 y = 0.61x + 0.63
R2 = 0.90
Glasgow Townhead Monitoring Site: findings so far
• AQMesh
‒ good for NO
‒ NO2 ok if you can compensate for O3
• SidePak
‒ Encouraging initial results
• HI-TRAC PM
‒ Reasonable agreement with the reference
• Aeroqual – second trial undertaken and analysis underway
• OSIRIS - possible humidity problems with the units
• Dylos – need suitable outdoor enclosure for long deployments, trial
currently underway at Townhead with Edinburgh
Townhead trials continuing with modifications to sensors above &
additional sensors
• Traffic count site
• Co-located SEPA
Trailer
– Established AQM
equipment
– 6 wks data collected
– Traffic, weather,
temp, RH, NO, NO2,
SO2, CO, PM1,
PM2.5, PM10
A8 Bargeddie
Eastbound (WiM)
Field Trial
Links between
environmental &
traffic data
Daily Patterns 0
40
0Traffic Volume by day of the week
day of week
Tra
ffic
Vo
lum
e
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
10
30
NO2 by day of the week
day of week
NO
2
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
48
12
16
PM2.5 by day of the week
day of week
PM
2.5
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
Traffic Speed and Flow by NO2
Traffic flow / speed curve by NO2
15 min traffic volume (no. vehicles)
15
min
ave
rag
e s
pe
ed
(m
ph
)
0
20
40
60
0 200 400 600 800
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Wind Direction
Traffic flow / speed curves by NO2 and wind direction
15 min traffic volume (no. vehicles)
15
min
ave
rag
e s
pe
ed
(m
ph
)
0
20
40
60
N
0 200 400 600 800
NE E
0 200 400 600 800
SE
0 200 400 600 800
S SW
0 200 400 600 800
W
0
20
40
60
NW
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Frequency of counts by wind direction (%)
W
S
N
E5%
10%15%
20%25%
30%35%
40%
mean = 3.42
calm = 0%
0 to 22 to 44 to 66 to 11.6
(m s1)
N
S
E W
Wind Speed
Traffic flow / speed curves by NO2 and wind speed
15 min traffic volume (no. vehicles)
15
min
ave
rag
e s
pe
ed
(m
ph
)
0
20
40
60
wind spd. 0.98 to 1.94
0 200 400 600 800
wind spd. 1.94 to 2.82
0 200 400 600 800
wind spd. 2.82 to 4.2
0
20
40
60
wind spd. 4.2 to 9.36
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Project Findings
• Positive results - indicative trends
• Understanding of equipment & limitations is expanding
• Equipment is not plug & play
• Electrochemical sensors are not “calibrated”
• Known cross- gas interference - NO2 and O3
• Willing from the manufacturers to work with us on the project
• Interest from Local Authorities in new technologies to
supplement their existing environmental monitoring activities
Widen partners and develop future
funding bids
Research links:
• Horizon 2020
• CARBOTRAF
• AERIS EUROPE
• ITRAQ
• Future Cities Glasgow
• Urban Data Centre
• Project event February 2015
Next Steps
Partners:
• SEPA
• Strathclyde
• Aberdeen
• European
Partners
• Others
• Build a collaborative community………....yes, many partners
• Gather real data and create a baseline…..yes, large amounts of data
• Work with air quality instrument supply chain...yes, good
experience
• Develop Environmental Incident Management System…more to be done
• Improve traffic management algorithms………………..…more to be done
• Provide evidence of fleet change and air quality trends…more to be done
• Support scheme before and after assessment…………..work in progress
Conclusions..…eye openers to date
Drew Hill, Transport Scotland
Ian Wager, SEPA
Iain Beverland & Jonathan Gillespie
University of Strathclyde
Jim Mills, Envirologger
Acknowledgments
The end
Thank you!
Interested in finding out more?
Contact:
Jacqueline Barr [email protected]
Drew Hill [email protected]