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Cartagena Protocol: Biosafety Cartagena Protocol: Biosafety Imperatives for Biodiversity Imperatives for Biodiversity Conservation with particular Reference Conservation with particular Reference to GMOsto GMOs
Abiodun A. Denloye, PhDDepartment of Zoology and Environmental BiologyLagos State University Ojo, Lagos.
Staff Seminar, 21st August 2014
www. denloye.com
F O R T R U T H A N D S E R V I C E
Plan of PresentationPlan of PresentationIntroduction of Cartagena protocolGlobal biodiversity The need to conserve biodiversityBiodiversity of Africa and NigeriaGMOS and alteration of biodiversityBiosafety Imperatives for conservation of
biodiversityImplications and ChallengesConclusion and Recommendation
Introduction to Cartagena ProtocolIntroduction to Cartagena ProtocolIt is a product of the 1992 Convention on Biological
Diversity
One of the issues addressed by the CBD is biosafety.
Biosafety is a concept that refers to the need to protect human health and the environment from the possible adverse effects of the products of modern biotechnology.
CARTAGENA CARTAGENA PROTOCOLPROTOCOL
Focuses on trans-boundary movement of living modified organisms arising from modern biotechnology processes
Came into force on Montreal Canada on 29th January 2000
It provides a regulatory framework for trade and environmental protection.
It creates an enabling environment for environmentally sound application of modern biotechnology
Conventional Technique
Recombinant DNA Technique
GraftingHybridizationBudding
Gene TransferGene splicing
Nigeria - Distinct vegetation zones endowed with vast biodiversity
What is biodiversity? The totality of all life forms What is biodiversity? The totality of all life forms within a geographical spacewithin a geographical space
Nigeria is rich in animal and plant biodiversity
Many species are already threatened , endangered or extinct.
Nigeria has unique species that need to be protected
Examples of GMOsExamples of GMOsCrops – GM Cassava, BT cotton, drought
resistant sorghum, biofortified corn, etc
Animals – Insects – eg mosquitoes
Pharmaceuticals -
Examples of GM CropsExamples of GM Crops
Examples of GM AnimalsExamples of GM AnimalsEnviroPig. A construct containing phytase gene from Escherichia coli under the control a promoter of the mouse secretory parotid was added to the geneome. EnviroPig gives less environmental polution.
GM Mosquitoes. Engineered to produce more males which are sterile.
Trade in GM productsTrade in GM products32 Seed companies already registered in
NigeriaIt is anticipated that there will be a flurry
of GM products in Nigeria within a short time. This sets the tone for regulation within our national boundry.
Biosafety Imperatives - CommencementBiosafety Imperatives - Commencement
Regulations must fit into Cartagena Protocol.
Nigeria is a signatory to the protocol.The National Competent Authority is the
Federal Ministry of EnvironmentThere is national Biosafety Office in
Department of ForestryThere is no enabling law in the country,
but there is a draft bill.
Biosafety ImperativesBiosafety ImperativesNational Biosafety Regulations Biodiversity DatabaseMonitoring for GMOsInstitutional Biosafety CommitteesEnvironmental Risk Assessment
Biosafety imperativesBiosafety imperativesInstitutional Biosafety Committee (IBC)
Institutional Biosafety Officer (IBO)
Principal Investigator (PI)
All stakeholders including representatives of the community.
Main issues in biosafety monitoringMain issues in biosafety monitoring .. a, Environmental safety . gene flow (of GMOs will contaminate our indigenious crops) . invasiveness (of GMOs might become predominant) . non-target organisms . other effects on ecology and dynamics b.Food/feed safety/Human health . Nutrition . Allergy . Toxicity . Substantial equivalence c. Agricultural sustainability . Weediness . pest resistance development . chemical imputs . Higher Costs . Others ( Socio-Cultural , acceptability etc)
Biosafety Imperatives – Actions Biosafety Imperatives – Actions RequiredRequired1. Collation of biodiversity resources at
the local government, state and national levels.
Coordinated cooperative multidisciplinary and multiloci research into GMO production, safety and evaluation.
Documentation and awareness of products and effects.
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements 1. African Biological Safety Association (AfBSA)
2. Sandia Laboratories, United States of America.
3. Government of Italy
4. Office of the President of the United States of America.
5. International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.
6. African Centre for Integrated Laboratory Training (ACILT), South Africa.
7. Federal Ministry of Environment
8. Federal Ministry of Health
9. Nigerian Biosafety Association (NiBSA)
THANK YOU.THANK YOU.