Biomedical Biomedical Waste DisposalWaste Disposal

Quick Over view of Legal ProvisionsQuick Over view of Legal Provisions

• Biomedical Waste( Management & handling) Rules were enacted in 1998 under the provisions of Environmental Protection act, 1996

• As per these rules, bio medical waste has been defined as “ any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities pertaining thereto or in the production or testing of biological, and including categories mentioned in Schedule I.”

• These rules will apply to all persons who generate, collect, receive, store, transport, treat, dispose, or handle bio medical waste in any form.

• "Occupier" in relation to any institution generating bio-medical waste, which includes a hospital, nursing home, clinic dispensary, veterinary institution, animal house, pathological laboratory, blood bank by whatever name called, means a person who has control over that institution and/or its premises.

• Every occupier of an institution generating, collecting, receiving, storing, transporting, treating, disposing and/or handling bio-medical waste in any other manner, except such occupier of clinics, dispensaries, pathological laboratories, blood banks providing treatment/service to less than 1000 (one thousand) patients per month, shall make an application in Form 1 to the prescribed authority for grant of authorization.

DUTY OF OCCUPIER: It shall be the duty of every occupier of an institution

generating bio-medical waste which includes a hospital, nursing home, clinic, dispensary, veterinary institution, animal house, pathological laboratory, blood bank by whatever name called to take all steps to ensure that such waste is handled without any adverse effect to human health and the environment

• ANNUAL REPORT Every occupier/operator shall submit an annual

report to the prescribed authority in Form 11 by 31 January every year. This includes information about the categories and quantities of bio-medical wastes handled during the preceding year.

SCHEDULE ISCHEDULE I((CATEGORIES OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTECATEGORIES OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE

•

Category Number

Waste Description

1 Human Anatomical Waste (human tissues, organs, body parts)

2 Animal Waste

(animal tissues, organs, body parts carcasses, bleeding parts, fluid, blood and experimental animals used in research, waste generated by veterinary hospitals colleges, discharge from hospitals, animal houses)

3 Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste (wastes from laboratory cultures, stocks or specimens of micro- organisms live or attenuated vaccines, human and animal cell culture used in research and infectious agents from research and industrial laboratories, wastes from production of biological, toxins, dishes and devices used for transfer of cultures)

4 Waste sharps

(needles, syringes, scalpels, blades, glass, etc. that may cause disinfection This includes both used and unused sharps)

5 Discarded Medicines and Cytotoxic drugs

(wastes comprising of outdated, contaminated and discarded medicines)

5 Discarded Medicines and Cytotoxic drugs

(wastes comprising of outdated, contaminated and discarded medicines)

6 Soiled Waste

(Items contaminated with blood, and body fluids including cotton, dressings, soiled plaster casts, lines, beddings, other material contaminated with blood)

7 Solid Waste

(wastes generated from disposable items other than the waste sharps such as tubing's, catheters, intravenous sets etc).

8 Liquid Waste

(waste generated from laboratory and washing, cleaning, house- keeping and disinfecting activities)

9 Incineration Ash

(ash from incineration of any bio-medical waste)

10 Chemical Waste

(chemicals used in production of biological, chemicals used in disinfection, as insecticides, etc.)

COLOUR CODING AND TYPE OF CONTAINER FOR COLOUR CODING AND TYPE OF CONTAINER FOR

DISPOSAL OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTESDISPOSAL OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTES Colour Coding

Type of Container

Waste Category

Treatment options as per Schedule I

Yellow Plastic bag Waste cat. No.1,2,5 & 6

Incineration

Red Disinfected container/plastic bag

Waste cat. No.7 Autoclaving/Micro waving/

Chemical Treatment

Blue Plastic bag/ puncture proof Container

Waste cat. No.4 Autoclaving/ Micro waving/ Chemical Treatment and destruction/ shredding

Black Plastic bag Municipal Waste Disposal in secured landfill by municipality

What are the responsibilities of What are the responsibilities of generator of bio medical wastegenerator of bio medical waste

• Collection & segregation of bio medical waste

• Transportation of bio medical waste to the storage area

• Storage of bio medical waste Storage of bio medical waste • Handing over the waste to the CTDF

operator Treatment of Liquid waste• Recording keeping• Constant Training & motivation of the staff.

Why

Should I Segregate the

Waste?

Collection & segregation of bio medical wasteCollection & segregation of bio medical waste

Get bags of proper colour coding having adequate size. Get covered containers (bins) preferably foot operated. For sharps, have adequate number of needle cutters at all

the required places. Needles and other sharps should be disinfected in hypo

chlorite solution before placing them in blue bag. Place all the bio waste containers near the nursing

station. Only nursing staff should be allowed to handle these containers.

Fix stickers showing category of bio waste to be disposed in each bag.

For municipal waste black bag containers should be placed near the patients/attendants.

Transportation of bio medical wasteTransportation of bio medical waste to the storage area to the storage area

• Once the bags are full, the should be tied properly.

• Transport the bags in covered trolley only.• In case of multi storey hospitals, elevator

may be used to carry the trolley.• Different colored Bags should not be

mixed during transportation.• Bags should be transported by authorized

person only to avoid any theft

Storage of bio medical wasteStorage of bio medical waste

• Bio waste should be stored in a covered room having locking facilities.

• The room should be sufficiently large to hold one day waste.

• It should be located away from the premises and should be divided in to three compartments for separately storing yellow, red and blue bags.

• There should be adequate facilities for washing the storage room. The room may be tiled for easy cleaning.

• The waste water from washing should be collected in a sump and treated by hypo chlorite solution before discharging in sewer line.

Handing over the waste to the CTDF Handing over the waste to the CTDF operatoroperator

• Only person authorized by you should hand over the waste.

• The bags should be weighed (colour coding wise) before handing over the same to the authorized person of the operator.

• The person from the operator will be carrying one format in which entries regarding quantity of waste for each colour coding are to be filled up and signed by your authorized person. Please get it filled up and signed.

• In case operator does not lift the waste on a particular day, do not sign in the format. In case, waste in not available, sign the format after filling “Nil” for the waste quantity.

Recording keepingRecording keeping As per the provisions of the rules

• (!) Every authorized person shall maintain records related to the generation, collect ' ion, reception, storage, transportation, treatment, disposal and/or any form of handling of bio-medical waste in accordance with these rules and any guidelines issued.

• (2) All records shall be subject to inspection and verification by the prescribed authority at any time.

Accordingly, records regarding date, quantity of waste (Colour coding wise), vehicle number, and signatures of persons handing over and receiving the waste should be maintained.

Treatment of liquid wasteTreatment of liquid waste• As per the provisions of the rules, all the

liquid effluents generated from the hospital are required to be treated to meet the prescribed norms before discharging them into sewer.

• The infectious liquid streams such as effluents generated from operation theatre, lab, waste storage area etc should be collected and disinfected before discharging them into sewer.

Training and motivation of the staffTraining and motivation of the staff• The key element of bio medical waste

handling is proper segregation of the bio waste

• Hospital staff particularly nursing staff is the key for good segregation because they are responsible of segregating the waste as per colour coding.

• Constant training, motivation and supervision is required to achieve the desired results.

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