BIODIVERSITY AND

GREEN HOUSE EFFECTSSUBMITTED BY

NABEEL MUHAMMED NROLL NO:35ANEESALI MROLL No:2

ATHUL DAS PKROLL NO:19

BIODIVERSITY Introduction of biodiversity The term biodiversity Concept and types of biodiversity Biodiversity Hotspots Benefits of biodiversity Threats to biodiversity Conservation of Biodiversity

CONTENTS

What is green house effect Green house effects Mechanism Green house gases Selected green house gases How CO2 controls Green House effect Conclusion References

GREEN HOUSE EFFECT

BIODIVERSITY

Introduction of Biodiversity

The term Biodiversity was first coined by Walter G. Rosen in 1986.

The biosphere comprises of a complex collections of innumerable organisms, known as the Biodiversity, which constitute the vital life support for survival of human race.

Biological diversity, abbreviated as biodiversity, represent the sum total of various life forms such as unicellular fungi, protozoa, bacteria, and multi cellular organisms such as plants, fishes, and mammals at various biological levels including gens, habitats, and ecosystem .

The Term Biodiversity

BIO:LIFEDIVERSITY:VARIET

Y

CONCEPT AND TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY

Biodiversity is the variety of life forms on earth and the essential interdependence of all living things.

As defined in convention on Biological diversity singed at Rio De Jenerio (Brazil) in 1992 by 154 countries, the Biodiversity defined as “the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic eco-systems and the ecological complexes of which the area part- this include diversity with in species, between species and of ecosystem.”

According to IUCN in 1998, “the variety and variability of species of their population, the variety of species of their life forms, the diversity of the complex association with species with their interaction and their ecological process which influences perform.”

There are three types of biodiversity

1. Diversity of Species2. Diversity of Ecosystem

3. Diversity of Genes

BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS A region with high biodiversity with most of spices being Endemic.

India have two Biodiversity Hotspots- East Himalayan Region and Western Ghat.

25 major hotspots together represent 1.4 % of the earth's land area, they contain 44% of all plant species and 35% of all terrestrial vertebrate species in the world.

No of Hotspots in India-31. Indo-Burma ( earlier Eastern Himalayas )2. Western Ghats and Sri Lanka.3. Himalayas. (Newly added)

BENEFITS OF BIODIVERSITYConsumptive value: Food/Drink Fuel Medicine Batter crop varieties Industrial MaterialNon-Consumptive Value: Recreation Education and Research Traditional value

THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY

Natural causes: Narrow geographical area Low population Low breeding rate Natural disastersAnthropogenic causes: Habitat modification Overexploitation of selected

species Innovation by exotic species

Pollution Hunting Global warming and

climate change

Agriculture Domino effect

Conservation of Biodiversity

Biodiversity inventories Conserving Biodiversity in protected Habitats- In situ conservation Ex situ conservation Seed Bank, Gene Bank, Pollen Bank, DNA Bank

Restoration of Biodiversity Imparting Environmental Education Enacting, strengthening and enforcing Environmental Legislation Population Control Reviewing the agriculture practice Controlling Urbanization Conservation through Biotechnology

Biodiversity Conservation

In situ

Sacred groves

and lakes

Biosphere Reserves

Terrestrial

Marine

National parks, wildlife

sanctuaries

Ex situ

Sacred plant home garden

Seed Bank, Gene bank,

Cryopreservation

Botanical garden, Zoological

garden, Aquaria

BIODIVERSITY AND

GREEN HOUSE EFFECTSGreen house Effect

What is Green HouseIn the cold countries, vegetables and essential crops are produced in glass house which can hold the heat from sunlight and the atmosphere inside the glass house

remains hot at night. This house is called green house.

Green House Effects Earth’s atmosphere is slightly warmer than what it should be

due to direct solar heating because of a mild case of Green House Effect.• The ground is heated by visible and (some) infrared light

from the Sun. • The heated surface emits infrared light. • The majority of Earth’s atmosphere (N2 and O2) are not

good greenhouse gas.• The small amount of greenhouse gases (H2O, CO2) traps

(absorb and re-emit) the infrared radiation, increasing the temperature of the atmosphere

Mechanism1. Shorter, high energy

wavelengths hit the earths surface.

2. Incoming energy is converted to heat.

3. Longer, infrared wavelengths hit Greenhouse gas molecules in the atmosphere.

4. Greenhouse gas molecules in the atmosphere emit infrared radiation back towards earth.

Green House Gases

Selected Green House GasesCarbon Dioxide

Source: Fossil fuel burning, deforestation .Anthropogenic increase: 30%Average atmospheric residence time: 500 years

MethaneSource: Rice cultivation, cattle & sheep ranching, decay

from landfills, mining .Anthropogenic increase: 145%Average atmospheric residence time: 7-10 years

Nitrous oxideSource: Industry and agriculture (fertilizers) Anthropogenic increase: 15%

How CO2controls Green House effect

Carbonate minerals form in the oceans at a higher rate. The rate at which the oceans dissolve CO2 gas increases, pulling CO2 out of the

atmosphere. The reduced atmospheric CO2 concentration leads to a weakened greenhouse

effect that counteracts the initial warming and cools the planet back down. If earth cools a bit, Carbonate minerals form more slowly in the oceans. The rate at which the oceans dissolve CO2 gas decreases, allowing the CO2

released by volcanism to build back up in the atmosphere. The increased CO2 concentration strengthens the greenhouse effect and warms

the planet back up.

CONCLUSION

In short, biodiversity is the variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat, a high level of which is usually

considered to be important and desirable and the greenhouse effect is a natural process

that warms the Earth's surface. When the Sun's energy reaches the Earth's atmosphere, some of it is reflected back to space and the

rest is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse gases.

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity http://www.biodiversitya-z.org/content/biodiversity http://www.greenfacts.org/en/biodiversity/l-3/1-define-biodiver

sity.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect https://

www3.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/basics/today/greenhouse-effect.html

https://www.ucar.edu/learn/1_3_1.htm http://www.livescience.com/37743-greenhouse-effect.html