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This presentation was given at a session of the Global Landscapes Forum in Lima, Peru, on December 6, 2014. The session described the uniqueness of the alliance in its approach to addressing food security issues in a changing climate in Africa. After a presentation of the topic, the floor was opened for a discussion involving both the panel and the audience.
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The Alliance
A unique partnership and systemic approach to food insecurity and climate change in Africa
The Alliance
Overview of the Alliance and its Purpose in the context of Africa’s development goals
Martin Bwalya
The Alliance
Considering CSA in the African context
Todd Rosenstock
What is climate-smart agriculture in Africa?
Uluguru Mountains in Eastern Tanzania
Word cloud of the FAO ‘CSA Sourcebook’
Importance of food security, adaption and mitigation depends on location
Foodsecurity
Mi ga onAdapta on
Map: Wheeler & von Braun 2013
The African CSA Alliance works toward CSA that supports food security & resilience
mitigation is co-benefit when possible
Agroforestry
Nutrition security
Poverty alleviation
Natural resource
management
Improved
cook-stove
Conservation
agriculture
Increased yields
Soil quality & carbon
Reduced
degradation &
erosion
Dietary
diversity
Intercropping
Market access
Increase income
Participatory
approach
Kolero, Tanzania
The Alliance
How the Alliance will work in practice
Martin Bwalya / Doug Brown
FMNR is the systematic regeneration and sustainable management of trees and shrubs growing from living tree stumps, roots or seeds. It involves pruning and thinning of stems and branches and the protection of regrowth from threats such as fire, livestock or human damage. FMNR can be practiced on farmland, forestland, grazing land and so called “wasteland”.
What is farmer managed natural regeneration (FMNR)?
FMNR in practice
12 April 2012 4 June 2013 9 March 2014
An example of FMNR in practice
Social
•Fosters a will to change
•Creates an enabling environment
•Builds collaboration, networks
and partnerships
•Fosters tree ownership and land
tenure security for farmers
•Increases education and training
•Increases empowerment for
women
Environmental
•Restores tree cover
•Reduces erosion
•Enriches soils
•Increases water availability
•Controls wind and temperatures
•Increases biodiversity
•Climate change adaptation and
mitigation
Economic
•Increases incomes through:
– improved crop yields
– sale of tree products
– improved livestock
production
•Increases household assets
•Increases consumables/decreases
expenditures
•Offers new income opportunities
via carbon credit revenues
FMNR Benefits
Impact of FMNR in Niger
Name: Humbo Community Reforestation Program
Location: Humbo, Ethiopia (6.743139, 37.868508)
Area Coverage: Approximately 2,728 hectares of natural forest
Number of beneficiaries: 41,529 (approximately 8,000 households)
Project Example: Humbo, Ethiopia
2002
2010
Impact:
• 96,882 tons of CO2 sequestered as of 2014;
• 82.9% of HHs in the project area reported reduced soil erosion and 74.0% increased soil fertility; and
• Steady increase in the frequency of animal sightings, tree planting, and ownership over the course of the project.
Name: Talensi FMNR Project
Location: Talensi District, Upper East Region, Ghana
Area Coverage: 161 hectares of new community-managed forest
Number of beneficiaries: 12,000 (approximately 1,472 households)
Project Example: Talensi, Ghana
2010
2012
Impact:
• 161 hectares under new forest cover with average tree density of 2,343 per hectare vs. a baseline of 5 per hectare;
• 336 hectares of farmland under FMNR management with average tree density 57 per hectare vs. a baseline of 5 per hectare;
• Short-term Social Return on Investment (SROI) 6:1; and
• Long-term SROI 17:1 by year 7 and 43:1 by year 13.
The Alliance
Lessons from Securing Africa’s Future and the relevance of CSA
Chris Shore
Risk = Hazard * Vulnerability
Resilience
Grow Resilience, reduce the risk
18
19
Empowered World View
Shock, Emergency,
Vulnerability, Situational Awareness
Management Systems
Economic / Business
Systems of Small-holder
Farming
On-farm and Off-farm Natural
Resource Management
Systems
Improved and Resilient Livelihoods Sustain Ability of Parents and Caregivers to provide well for their children
What are we building?
22
23
The Alliance
Thank you
If you’d like to continue to be involved, please leave your details before you leave
http://africacsa.org/
@africacsa
“Smart” agriculture is
“climate-smart”
FAO. 2013. Sourcebook on Climate-Smart Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture/72611/en/
• The best CSA practices provide a triple win:o Improve reliability,
sustainability, productivity and profitability of agricultural production systems
o Adapting and building resilience to climate change
o Build soil carbon and above ground biomass – reducing and/or removing greenhouse gas emissions, where possible
Assessment of Practices for CSA
Practices Production Resilience Mitigation Co-benefits Constraints
Soil fertility Nitrogen fertilizer (e.g. urea) ǂ +++ +/- - -- --
Integrated nutrient mgmt. (e.g. banding, microdosing) ǂ ++ - - --
Reduced residue burning ɣ ++ + ++ + -
Reduced tillage / no-till ɣ + + + ++ -
Green manures (reduced fallow) ɣ +++ ++ + -
Fertilizer trees (e.g. Faidherbia albida) ɣ +++ +++ +++ +++ -
Conservation agriculture (mulch, no-till, etc.) ɣ ++ ++ ++ ++ --
Conservation ag with fertilizer trees ǂ +++ ++ +++ ++ --
Grain, livestock, and fertilizer tree integrationǂ +++ ++ ++ ++ -
Genetics Improved crop variety (breeding, engineering) ɣ ++ ++ + ++ -
Water use Water pumps for irrigation (petrol)ǂ +++ ++ -- - --
Irrigation techniques (amount, timing, technology) ɣ ++ ++ +/- + --
Microcatchment (e.g. Zai pits, microbasins, terracing)ǂ ++ ++ + --
Rainwater catchment, storage, delivery (e.g. farm ponds) ǂ ++ ++ ++ --
Livestock Rotational grazing ɣ + ++ +++/--- --
Improved breeds ɣ ++ +++/- + --
Stocking density management (i.e. herd size/land area) ɣ + +++ -
Improved feed management (higher feed quality) ɣ ++ + +++/- -
Manure management (e.g. lagoons, barn design) ɣ ++ ++ +++ ++ --
Anaerobic digestion of manure ɣ ++ ++ +++/- ++ --
Rice Midseason drainage of paddies ǂ + ++ +++ + -
Urea deep placement (fertilizer application)ǂ + +/- -- - --
Aerobic rice ǂ + + +++ +
Information Technology Planting date recommendations ɣ ++ ++ + ++
Sentinel warming systems (drought, pests) ɣ + ++ + +
Global: Mean Assessment Aggregated Assessment
CSA Practices for the Mixed-Maize Agriculture System
Practices Production Resilience Mitigation
Soil fertility Nitrogen fertilizer (e.g. urea) ǂ +++ +/- -
Integrated nutrient mgmt. (e.g. banding, microdosing) ǂ ++ -
Reduced residue burning ɣ ++ + ++
Reduced tillage / no-till ɣ + + +
Green manures (reduced fallow) ɣ +++ ++
Fertilizer trees (e.g. Faidherbia albida) ɣ +++ +++ ++
Conservation agriculture (mulch, no-till, etc.) ɣ ++ ++ ++
Conservation ag with fertilizer trees ǂ +++ ++ +++
Grain, livestock, and fertilizer tree integrationǂ +++ ++ ++
Genetics Improved crop variety (breeding, engineering) ɣ ++ ++ +
Water use Water pumps for irrigation (petrol)ǂ +++ ++ --
Irrigation techniques (amount, timing, technology) ɣ ++ ++ +/-
Microcatchment (e.g. Zai pits, microbasins, terracing)ǂ ++ ++
Rainwater catchment, storage, delivery (e.g. farm ponds) ǂ ++ ++
Information Technology Planting date recommendations ɣ ++ ++
Sentinel warming systems (drought, pests) ɣ + ++
Africa: Maize-mixed Aggregated Assessment