History

Etymology

Literature

Mythology

By Chandra, Iffat and Sahay

At the beginning of his X, he refers to the older Indians who

know about the prehistoric arrival of Dionysus and Hercules in

India, which was a story very popular amongst the Greeks

during the Alexandrian period. Particularly important are his

comments on the religions of the Indians. He mentions the

devotees of Heracles and Dionysus but he does not mention

Buddhists, something that gives support to the theory that the

latter religion was not widely known before the reign of

Ashoka.

Name the traveller and his book (X)

1. Travel galore

2. Connect

This phrase was coined by Shakespeare in The Merry Wives of

Windsor. The meaning of this phrase is ‘a lot’ and on face

value it seems to refer to another British author famous for his

twisty and complex writing. However, the name of this author

is a euphemism for the word devil. ID the phrase.

3. ID the phrase

4. Rhyme it!

Built in the 16th century, it is one of the major arteries of India

and Pakistan. Rudyard Kipling describes it thus: "such a river of

life as nowhere else exists in the world“

What are we talking about?

5. The River of Life

Often, in Latin, lists of objects would look like this:

One bed,

also three chairs,

also one table,

also four lamps ...

This led to the Latin word for "also" becoming the origin of

another English word. Which?

6. Atin-lay

• The word X is surprisingly unrelated to words like minimum,

minute, minuscule, minor (which come from Latin minimus

small), but derives instead from the Latin minium - red

lead. 'red lead' evolved to 'paint red', which further evolved

to 'illustrate a manuscript', then to 'manuscript illustration

or small picture', to finally just 'small'.

• Id X.

7. Atin-lay

X goes back to Medieval Latin _____, a diminutive of scurius,

which goes back to the Greek skia (shade) + oura (tail). Xs use

their tails to shade their bodies, and you can often see them

holding them up as they stand. Id X.

8. Atin-lay

• 7. X and Y are two races of mythological beings in Norse mythology that are conventionally at war with each other, with both X and Y being races of gods or god-like beings. The vast majority of sympathetic Norse gods belong to the X race, however, several notable gods, such as the god Freyr and his sister Freyja are from the Y race instead. Eventually the conflict between the two races subsides. Z and W are similar races from Vedic and Puranic mythology, with linguistic ties to X and Y respectively that have led to people hypothesizing that they are both descended from similar ideas. However, in the Hindu context, Z are unequivocally demonic beings, while W form the race of gods. This opposite classification has also been a subject of much debate. However, the linguistic relationship between Z, X and “ahura” from the name Ahura Mazda from Zoroastrianism suggests that historically Z may not have always been regarded negatively. A race similar to W also exists in Zoroastrian mythology.

ID X, Y, Z and W.

9. Conflict of the Gods

• A is a prominent Rig-Vedic god that later diminished in popularity with the rise of the Hindu Trimurti. His origin story forms the central myth of the Rig Veda, detailing his conflict with X, who was a giant serpent/dragon considered as a personification of drought, thereby liberating the rivers of world that X had kept captive. A was prominently a drinker of soma, a vedic drug, and was known for his amorous escapades.

•Similar to A, but much more prominent is B, a greek god also known for his amorous escapades, especially the kind that did not involve consent. B supposedly raped or slept with women in various interesting methods, including raping Leda as a swan, pretending to Alcmene’s husband and raping Danaë as a shower of gold. Like A, B also had a rival who was draconic - Y was the last son of Gaea and Tartarus, and together with Echidna was the father of all monsters. Y attempted to kill B at the behest of Gaea, but with the aid of the other Olympians, B managed to defeat Y and imprison him under Mount Etna.

•In another parallel, C is a Germanic/Norse god who wields a hammer and is known for his brusque and honest personality, which made him a favorite among the Vikings. Unlike the A-X battle, C’s battle with the serpentine was at the end of his life, not the beginning: at Ragnarok C is destined to die from poison after killing Z, who is a serpent so large that he can surround the whole Earth and grasp his own tail, earning him the title MidgardSerpent.

•ID X, Y and Z. Also, what major common feature between A, B and C have I left out?

10. Gods

At the beginning of his X, he refers to the older Indians who

know about the prehistoric arrival of Dionysus and Hercules in

India, which was a story very popular amongst the Greeks

during the Alexandrian period. Particularly important are his

comments on the religions of the Indians. He mentions the

devotees of Heracles and Dionysus but he does not mention

Buddhists, something that gives support to the theory that the

latter religion was not widely known before the reign of

Ashoka.

Name the traveller and his book (X)

1. Travel galore

• Megasthenes

• Indica

2. Connect

• All romantically linked to Anne Hathaway

This phrase was coined by Shakespeare in The Merry Wives of

Windsor. The meaning of this phrase is ‘a lot’ and on face

value it seems to refer to another British author famous for his

twisty and complex writing. However, the name of this author

is a euphemism for the word devil. ID the phrase.

3. ID the phrase

Like the Dickens

4. Rhyme it!

• Daisy-Head Mayzie – Dr. Seuss

Built in the 16th century, it is one of the major arteries of India

and Pakistan. Rudyard Kipling describes it thus: "such a river of

life as nowhere else exists in the world“

What are we talking about?

5. The River of Life

• The Grand Trunk Road

• "Look! Brahmins and chumars, bankers and tinkers, barbers

and bunnias, pilgrims -and potters - all the world going and

coming. It is to me as a river from which I am withdrawn

like a log after a flood. And truly the Grand Trunk Road is a

wonderful spectacle. It runs straight, bearing without

crowding India's traffic for fifteen hundred miles - such a

river of life as nowhere else exists in the world.“ – Kipling’s

Kim. Based along the GT Road

Often, in Latin, lists of objects would look like this:

One bed,

also three chairs,

also one table,

also four lamps ...

This led to the Latin word for "also" becoming the origin of

another English word. Which?

6. Atin-lay

• Item

• The word X is surprisingly unrelated to words like minimum,

minute, minuscule, minor (which come from Latin minimus

small), but derives instead from the Latin minium - red

lead. 'red lead' evolved to 'paint red', which further evolved

to 'illustrate a manuscript', then to 'manuscript illustration

or small picture', to finally just 'small'.

• Id X.

7. Atin-lay

• Miniature

X goes back to Medieval Latin _____, a diminutive of scurius,

which goes back to the Greek skia (shade) + oura (tail). Xs use

their tails to shade their bodies, and you can often see them

holding them up as they stand. Id X.

8. Atin-lay

• Squirrel

• 7. X and Y are two races of mythological beings in Norse mythology that are conventionally at war with each other, with both X and Y being races of gods or god-like beings. The vast majority of sympathetic Norse gods belong to the X race, however, several notable gods, such as the god Freyr and his sister Freyja are from the Y race instead. Eventually the conflict between the two races subsides. Z and W are similar races from Vedic and Puranic mythology, with linguistic ties to X and Y respectively that have led to people hypothesizing that they are both descended from similar ideas. However, in the Hindu context, Z are unequivocally demonic beings, while W form the race of gods. This opposite classification has also been a subject of much debate. However, the linguistic relationship between Z, X and “ahura” from the name Ahura Mazda from Zoroastrianism suggests that historically Z may not have always been regarded negatively. A race similar to W also exists in Zoroastrian mythology.

ID X, Y, Z and W.

9. Conflict of the Gods

• X – Aesir

• Y – Vanir

• Z – Asura

• W - Veda

• A is a prominent Rig-Vedic god that later diminished in popularity with the rise of the Hindu Trimurti. His origin story forms the central myth of the Rig Veda, detailing his conflict with X, who was a giant serpent/dragon considered as a personification of drought, thereby liberating the rivers of world that X had kept captive. A was prominently a drinker of soma, a vedic drug, and was known for his amorous escapades.

•Similar to A, but much more prominent is B, a greek god also known for his amorous escapades, especially the kind that did not involve consent. B supposedly raped or slept with women in various interesting methods, including raping Leda as a swan, pretending to Alcmene’s husband and raping Danaë as a shower of gold. Like A, B also had a rival who was draconic - Y was the last son of Gaea and Tartarus, and together with Echidna was the father of all monsters. Y attempted to kill B at the behest of Gaea, but with the aid of the other Olympians, B managed to defeat Y and imprison him under Mount Etna.

•In another parallel, C is a Germanic/Norse god who wields a hammer and is known for his brusque and honest personality, which made him a favorite among the Vikings. Unlike the A-X battle, C’s battle with the serpentine was at the end of his life, not the beginning: at Ragnarok C is destined to die from poison after killing Z, who is a serpent so large that he can surround the whole Earth and grasp his own tail, earning him the title MidgardSerpent.

•ID X, Y and Z. Also, what major common feature between A, B and C have I left out?

9. Gods

• They are all Thunder Gods

• X – Vrrtra

• Y – Typhon

• Z – Jormungandr

+20 per direct, +30 on the pounce

Connect:

1. +50/-25

2. +40/-20

3. +30/-15

4. +20/-5

5. 10/0

• This play features the very popular character, John Falstaff. This is Falstaff’s third appearance. In a country setting, Falstaff, short of funds, concocts a scheme to dupe two of the local wives. He writes a letter to each — but when they compare notes, they discover that he wrote the exact same letter to both of them. Rather than simply turn him down or expose him, they decide to play along and get him into trouble. Just when Falstaff thinks he's getting a wife into the bedroom, the husband, who has been alerted, comes home and Falstaff has to sneak out right under his nose —first in a laundry basket (to be tossed into the river), then dressed as an old aunt and chased out of the house. As a finale, he is persuaded to wear a costume for a festival, and is poked, prodded, and scorched.

1. The Return of Falstaff

• Merry Wives of Windsor

• Set of seven paintings

• Identify or describe the concept of each painting

• Identify what the entire set is representing

• Identify the Shakespearean play

2. Meta Connect

Number 1

Number 2

Number 3

Number 4

Number 5

Number 6

Number 7

• The Infant

• The Schoolboy

• The Lover

• The Soldier

• The Justice

• The Pantaloon

• The Old Age

Connect?

• The seven ages of man is a series of paintings by Robert

Smirke, derived from a monologue from William

Shakespeare's As You Like It, spoken by the melancholy

Jaques in Act II Scene VII.

• All the world’s a stage,

And all the men and women merely players.

The Seven Ages of Man

• This work has the unique distinction of being published by

its author with an alternative title. Legend has it that the

author could not decide the title of his work almost till day

it was supposed to be released so he named it after the day

(or maybe night) of release- January 6th. Name the literary

work.

3. Untitled Title

• Twelfth Night – The twelfth night of Christmas Celebrations

• Soundtrack of a movie adaptation of a literary work X.

Identify X. The song is aptly named Bad Reputation for one

of the leading characters deliberately maintains a bad

reputation.

4. Rock Music?

• Taming of the Shrew, 10 Things I Hate About You

This phrase alludes to a Biblical character who is thus talked

about

I have even heard of thee, that the spirit of the gods is in

thee, and that light and understanding and excellent wisdom

is found in thee.

One of the leading characters in the play praises him in the

following manner :

“O wise young judge, how I do honour thee!”

The phrase was first used in Shakespeare’s play X. ID the

phrase and the play.

5. Make them on the way

• A Daniel come to judgment

• Merchant of Venice

• Daniel 5:14 (King James Version)

• Merry Wives of Windsor

• All’s Well that Ends Well

• Twelfth Night

• The Taming of the Shrew

• Merchant of Venice

Connect?

• Shakespeare transgender plays.

+20 per direct, +30 on the pounce

Connect:

1. +50/-25

2. +40/-20

3. +30/-15

4. +20/-5

5. 10/0

• Pop

• Phien

• Emmy

• Marianne

• Jetty

• Loutje

• Connie

• Jackie

• ---X--

• ID X and give funda

Oh Dear!

• Diary entries in the original diary. Diary of A Young Girl –

Anne Frank

• X- Kitty

A memorable and much-quoted line in X is: "manuscripts don't

burn" . In the book X, Y is a writer who is plagued by both his

own mental problems and the harsh criticism of most of the

Soviet writers in the Moscow of the 1930s. He burns his

treasured manuscript in an effort to cleanse his own mind from

the troubles the work has brought him. Another character later

gives the manuscript back to him saying, "Didn't you know that

manuscripts don't burn?" There is an autobiographical element

reflected in Y's character here, as the author in fact burned an

early copy of X for much the same reasons.

Censor Woes

• The Master and The Margarita – Mikhail Bulgakov

• vermin

• bug

• cockroach

• beetle

• dung beetle

• ID funda and literary work

The Literal Bug

• Possible translations of Ungeziefer in Kafka’s Metamorphosis

• Ungeziefer - unclean animal not suitable for sacrifice

• Als Gregor Samsa eines Morgens aus unruhigen Träumen

erwachte, fand er sich in seinem Bett zu einem ungeheuren

Ungeziefer verwandelt

• X is a grand strategy wargame popular because of the

balance between economics, politics, and land, sea, air and

strategic warfare, where players take the roles of major

countries. The novel Y (which borrows its name from X) has

a character who specializes in this game. ID X and Y.

All War, No Peace

• The Third Reich - Roberto Bolaño

• Rise and Decline of the Third Reich

• The Knight's Tale

• The Miller's Tale

• The Reeve's Tale

• The Cook's Tale

• The Wife of Bath's Tale,

• The Friar's Tale,

• The Summoner's Tale

• The Man of Law's Tale

• Identify superset

Everybody has a tale

• Canterbury Tales - Chaucer

• Diary of A Young Girl

• The Master and the Margarita

• Metamorphosis

• The Third Reich

• The Canterbury Tales

Connect?

• Famous works published posthumously

1 team : +50

2 teams : +30

3 teams : +25

4 teams : +20

5 teams : +10

6 teams : 0

• During 1849, a fad had taken over Boston and New York.

Deliberate misspellings began to be used to phrases, such as

"know go" for "no go;" "'nuff ced" for "enough said", and

"know yuse" for "no use". One form of one such misspelling

for a phrase meaning 'everything is fine' is the only survivor

of this slang fad into english. What is this survivor?

1

• OK (Oll Korrect)

During the time of the Crusades the members of a certain

secret Muslim sect engaged people to terrorise their Christian

enemies by performing murders as a religious duty. These acts

were carried out under the influence of hashish, and this led to

the a particular word for these people who were under the

influence of that hashish, and carried out these murders. What

is the common English word that this evolved into?

2

• Assassin from Hashashin

• The etymology of the name for this marine creature

apparently describes its actual appearance accurately. The

roots of the name go back to the latin words for 'pig' and

'fish', literally making this a 'fish looking like a pig', or a 'fish

with a pig like snout'. What marine creature am I talking

about?

3

• Porpoise (Pork+Pisces)

• The verb X derives from skei, meaning 'to cut, split, divide,

separate'. skei, in itself, and its forms in Dutch as schijten,

and German as scheissen are common etymologies for

several words, depending on what is being separated from

what. For example, the word science also derives from this,

because science helped to 'divide and split' truth from

falsehood.

• X was dervied from 'skei' which meant to 'separate'

something from the body.

• Id X.

4

• Shit

• What word derived from the italian war phrase, which

translates to 'to arms!'?

4

• Alarm (to arms!)

• The word X derives from old french, meaning "cover fire",

and was intended to indicate the medieval practice of

ringing a bell at fixed time in the evening as an order to

close the fireplaces and prepare for sleep, so that

unintended fires do not occur. Id X

5

• curfew - (covrir "to cover" + feu "fire")

+20 per direct, +30 on the pounce

Connect:

1. +50/-25

2. +40/-20

3. +30/-15

4. +20/-5

5. 10/0

Identify the book in which this nursery rhyme figures

Ten Little Soldier Boys went out to dine;

One choked his little self -------------------------

Nine Little Soldier Boys sat up very late;

One overslept himself ------------------------------

Eight Little Soldier Boys traveling in Devon;

One said he’d stay there -----------------------------

Seven Little Soldier Boys chopping up sticks;

One chopped himself in halves ----------------------

Six Little Soldier Boys playing with a hive;

A bumblebee stung one -----------------------------

The word soldier is replace by Indian/nigger in certain editions

It’s all in the rhyme

• And then there were none – Agatha Christie

• The play began life as a short radio play broadcast on 30

May 1947 called Three Blind Mice.

• In Shakespeare's play Hamlet, this play is Hamlet's answer to

Claudius's inquiry about the name of the play whose

prologue and first scene the court has just observed. The

play is actually The Murder of Gonzago, but Hamlet answers

metaphorically, since "the play's the thing" in which he

intends to "catch the conscience of the king.“

• ID the play

Shakespeare again?

• The Mousetrap – Agatha Christie

• The audio is the soundtrack of an adaptation of a famous

work of detective fiction

• ID the book

Stereotypes

• Murder on the Orient Express

Complete the following list. Justice will be done to who answer

well and retribution will be served to those who do not.

• The Man in the Brown Suit

• Murder on the Orient Express

• Curtain

• The Unexpected Guest

• ___X___

Also give the connect

Frivolous isn’t really frivolous

• Witness for the Prosecution

• No earthly punishment to the criminal

In 1911, a Miss Frances Garnett-Orme, a 49-year-old spiritualist, came to stay with her companion from Lucknow, Miss Eva Mountstephen, also a spiritualist who specialised in seances and crystal-gazing. One morning after Miss Mountstephen has returned to Lucknow, Miss Frances was found mysteriously dead, an autopsy revealed that she’d was poisoned with prussic, a cyanide-based poison. The murder was never solved and her doctor was also found dead a few months later, of strychnine poisoning. Miss Mounstephen was later arrested for allegedly tampering with her friend’s bottle of sodium bicarbonate by adding prussic acid to it, though the court found her not guilty.Apparently, Rudyard Kipling had written to Arthur Conan Doyle, urging him to write a story about a “murder by suggestion”. Though Conan Doyle never visited to investigate, he mentioned it to Agatha Christie and the detective story X was the result. Name X.

Inspiration

• The Mysterious Affair at Styles – Agatha Christie

• And then there were none

• The Mousetrap

• Witness for the Prosecution

• The Mysterious Affair at Styles

• Murder on the Orient Express

Connect?

• Famous examples of whodunits

• A whodunit or whodunnit (for "Who [has] done it?" or "Who

did it?") is a complex, plot-driven variety of the detective

story in which the audience is given the opportunity to

engage in the same process of deduction as the protagonist

throughout the investigation of a crime. The reader or

viewer is provided with the clues from which the identity of

the perpetrator may be deduced before the story provides

the revelation itself at its climax.

• People who invaded Russia in the Winter and failed.

• EXCEPT for Batu Khan

This term evolved from the Arabic 'al zahr', which means the

dice. In Western Europe the term came to be associated with a

number of games using dice, which were learned during the

Crusades whilst in the Holy Land. The term eventually took on

the connotation of danger because, from very early on, games

using dice were associated with the risky business of gambling

and con artists using corrupted dice. ID the therm

• Hazard

• This author (X) and his protagonists love to talk about their relatives – especially aunts and uncles. This author attended various boarding schools and, according to one biographer, between the ages of three and 15 years, saw his parents for barely six months in total. His works are autobiographical in the sense that they rarely focus on the protagonists parent –rather they talk extensively about a generous uncle who will remember the protagonist when he “pops off” or a spinster aunt whom even the Queen of England dare not cross. X spent quite a few of his school holidays with one aunt or another, and the numerous aunts provided him with ample characteristics for some of his most vivid literary creations, including the formidable aunt Y and the good and deserving aunt Y who figure in a series of novels and short stories.

• ID X, Y and Z

Family favourites

• X – Wodehouse

• Y – Agatha

• Z - Dahlia

• A man named John Taylor once said the following:

• The story of the life of the Mexican divinity, X, closely resembles that of the Savior; so closely, indeed, that we can come to no other conclusion than that X and Christ are the same being. But the history of the former has been handed down to us through an impure Lamanitish source, which has sadly disfigured and perverted the original incidents and teachings of the Savior's life and ministry." (Mediation and Atonement, p. 194.)

• Taylor could make a comment like that because his particular Church has unique beliefs about Christianity, including the belief that the some Native Americans were descended from Lost Tribes of Israel.

• Id X, and the Church that Taylor belonged to.

• X – quetzalcoatl

• Church – Church of Jesus Christ and Latter Day Saints

ID the missing person and give the funda:

• Máni, Personification of the Moon

• Týr, God of Victory and Glory

• Wotan/Odin, All-father and King

• Thor, God of Thunder

• Frigg/Freya, Goddess of Love and Fertility

• ??????????

• Sól, Personification of the Sun

• Days of the week

• Saturn is the exception

• The rest are Germanic/Norse

Connect

Janus Pomona Quirinus

• All Roman Gods with no Greek counterpart

• It exists like a secret code, within and between the words, sharp and teasing and seductive, for the enjoyment of the gay society that had to remain so carefully concealed in the margins. Cecily, for example, the name of Jack Worthing'sward, was a contemporary term for a young male prostitute. Jack and Algy fight over buttered muffins, apparently blissfully unaware of all the double entendres for buttocks and lubrication or the fact that food is such a very obvious symbolic substitute for sex. And the silver cigarette case they fight over in Act 1 was a gift that the author was known to have given several of his lovers. One imagines that in the darkness of the audience seats, there were secret smiles, whispers, the thrill of all things secret and forbidden, the love that dared not speak its name.

• What am I talking about

Impish Euphemisms

• Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest

• The first half of the this Ancient Sumerian tale discusses X, king of Uruk, and Enkidu, a wild man created by the gods to stop him oppressing the people of Uruk. After an initial fight, Gilgamesh and Enkidu become close friends. Together, they journey to the Cedar Mountain and defeat Humbaba, its monstrous guardian. Later they kill the Bull of Heaven, which the goddess of lust and love, Ishtar had sent to punish Gilgamesh for spurning her advances. As a punishment for these actions, the gods sentence Enkidu to death.

•In the second half of the epic, X's distress at Enkidu's death causes him to undertake a long and perilous journey to discover the secret of eternal life. He fails in his quest, and eventually learns that "Life, which you look for, you will never find. For when the gods created man, they let death be his share, and life withheld in their own hands". However, because of his great building projects, his account of Siduri's advice, and what the immortal man Utnapishtim, a Noah-like character (possibly even the inspiration for Noah) who told him about the coming Great Flood, X's fame survived his death.

•ID the epic.

• Epic of Gilgamesh

• Tom Swift and His Electric Rifle; or, Daring Adventures in Elephant Land is a young adult novel written by StratemeyerSyndicate writers using the pen name Victor Appleton. It is Volume 10 in the original Tom Swift novel series published by Grosset & Dunlap.

•Jack Cover, a NASA researcher, began developing the X in 1969. By 1974, Cover had completed the device, which he named after his childhood hero Tom Swift. The X used gunpowder as its propellant, which led the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms to classify it as a firearm in 1976, but current models make no such use of gunpowder, and are primarily electric, a the case of Tom Swift's Electric rifle.

• Id X

• TASER -- "Thomas A. Swift's Electric Rifle"

• While the idea of the Round Table of King Arthur was that all Knights sit equally upon it there is a seat on the Table called Siege Perilous or the Perilous Seat, which lies vacant until the most virtuous knight of all claims it. Supposedly, the use of the seat by anyone but its intended occupant is fatal, and the one for whom it is intended shall discover the Holy Grail.

•In various versions of the story, X is the most pious and virtuous knight in Arthur’s order. Perhaps ironically, X himself is a bastard, born to Lancelot and Elaine of Corbenic when Elaine dupes Lancelot into believing that she is Guinevere, the Queen and Lancelot’s mistress.

•X eventually “obtains” the Holy Grail and as a consequence is given the right to decide the time of his own death, which he chooses to be after he meets Joseph of Arimathea on the way back to King Arthur’s Court.

•ID X.

• Galahad

• According to Islamic Eschatology, the end of times will be preceded by the rule of the Mahdi (“guided one”) before the Day of Judgement. There is no explicit mention of the Mahdi in the Qur’an, and information about him/her comes from the Hadith. Several individuals have claimed to be the Mahdi.

•According to Islamic tradition, the reign of the Mahdi will coincide with the return of a much more prominent Qur'anicfigure and the two of them shall together battle Masih ad-Dajjal, or the false messiah.

•The Qur’anic figure mentioned above had apparently never died after his appearance in the Qur’anic narrative, but had instead been taken by God up to heaven until the end times.

•Identify him.

• Isa al Masih (Jesus)

• The X Y Z was a multi-ethnic political entity in Central Europe during the early Middle Ages that was sarcastically described by Voltaire as follows:

• "This agglomeration which was called and which still calls itself the X Y Z was neither X, nor Y, nor an Z."

•The Y part of the name from a supposed transfer of rule from Charlemagne, King of the Franks, who derived his own authority by being crowned by the then Pope, Leo III. As a consequence, the history of the X Y Z at the time was deeply intertwined with the Papacy in Rome, with the Pope being the official authority crowning the leader of the X Y Z (often called Kaisers) while the leaders of the X Y Z would routinely involve themselves in the politics of Rome and Italy, trying to support various Antipopes who opposed the elected Popes of that time.

•One of the greatest leaders of the X Y Z was Frederick I who was elected to this position, and crowned on 18th June, 1155. Frederick was known for his red beard, and was often called Frederick Barbarossa as a consequence.

•ID X, Y and Z, and give the funda for Voltaire's quote.

• Holy Roman Empire

• Salah al-Din Yusuf was a great Muslim leader who was born into a prominent Kurdish family: his father worked for the Turkish governor in northern Syria. Yusuf played a big role in the Third Crusades (which were launched when Yusuf seized Jerusalem), and became famous in the Western circles as a supposedly chivalrous knight who fought fairly, despite being a "barbaric" Muslim. When the Christian crusaders took Jerusalem in 1099, they committed mass murder and slaughter of Muslim communities. Yet, when Yusuf retook it in 1187, he allowed the Christian inhabitants to leave the city safely.

•Yusuf is known for his rivalry with Richard I of England, one of the leaders of the Third Crusades. Despite their rivalry however, the two seemed to share a mutual respect - when Richard was wounded in battle against Yusuf, the latter offered the services of his personal doctor to Richard. Once, when Richard had caught a fever and was suffering en route to attacking Jerusalem, he appealed to Yusuf for fresh water and fresh fruit, a request that Yusuf granted by sending fresh fruit and frozen snow.

•Eventually, Yusuf and Richard struck up a truce that would leave Jerusalem in Muslim control, but would allow Western pilgrims to visit without facing trouble, ending the Third Crusades.

•What is Yusuf better known as?

• Saladin

• Harald "X" Gormsson was a Viking; he was King of Denmark and Norway around 1000 AD. There are several theories as to how he got the nickname, X, the conventional one being that he had a conspicuously bad tooth. Another explanation is that his nickname vaguely translates to "dark chieftain" where thane/thegn is translated as chieftain.

•Harald raised massive runestones in the town of Jelling in Denmark in memory of his parents, as a celebration of his conquest of Denmark and Norway.

•In modern times, we remember Harald's nickname for some other purpose - the name was appropriated in the hope that it would unite particular disparate groups akin to how Haraldunited Norway and Denmark.

• Bluetooth

• The Great X Nation is the name given to a Native American political entity that was essentially a confederacy of seven tribes, known as the Seven Fires Council (Očhéthi Šakówiŋ). X is derived from the Odawan word Nadoüessioüak, which has connotations of "snake" and is often translated as "enemy". Perhaps ironically then, the seven tribes themselves are divided into three broad categories A, B and C, depending on the dialect of the language they speak and all three of the words N, D and L mean "ally" or "friend" in all three languages. D is now also the basis for the names of two states in the US.

•The X are also known for their idiosyncratic literalistic naming pattern, wherein their Chieftains have names such as Red Cloud, Crazy Horse, Chief War Eagle and Sitting Bull.

•ID X or N/D/L.

• X – Sioux

• N/D/L – N/D/Lakota

• The ______ is formed of steatite and measures 3.56 cm by 3.53 cm, with a thickness of 0.76 cm. It has a human figure at the center seated on a platform and facing forward. The legs of the figure are bent at the knees with the heels touching and the toes pointing downwards. The arms extend outwards and rest lightly on the knees, with the thumbs facing away from the body. Eight small and three large bangles cover the arms. The chest is covered with what appear to be necklaces, and a double band wraps around the waist. The figure wears a tall and elaborate headdress with central fan-shaped structure flanked by two large striated horns. The human figure is surrounded by four wild animals: an elephant and a tiger to its one side, and a water buffalo and a rhinoceros on the other. Under the dais are two deer or ibexes looking backwards, so that their horns almost meet the center. At the top of the ________ are seven pictographs, with the last apparently displaced downwards for lack of horizontal space.

•Wikipedia description for what?

• Pashupati seal

• Divi filius is a Latin phrase used to describe a historical

character, that means "Son of God". The full phrase is divi

luli filius, where luli refers to the "father" of the historical

figure, who, once his divinity was declared by the Roman

Senate was referred to as Divius Iullius.

• Who was the historical figure?

• Augustus Caesar ( Son of Julius Caesar)

• The X hypothesis, formulated by the German publisher and

historian, Heribert Illig, about the events that occurred

between 614 CE and 911 CE. He claims that it is a result of

the actions of the Holy Roman Emperor Otto II, the

Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII and Pope Sylvester II,

and cites the presence of Romanesque architecture, in 10th

Century Western Europe and an alleged thirteen day

discrepancy between the Gregorian/Julian calendar with

the underlying solar year.

•

ID X or give the funda.

• Phantom time