For the first time in history, urban-ness has become its own reward.

Seaside, FL

Gaithersburg, MD

Del Mar Station, Pasadena, CA

Greenwich Village, NYC

VarietyWide range of valued choices

ConvenienceMore choices at hand

DiscoveryExposure to more opportunities

OpportunityAccess to jobs, education, smart people

WE KEEP SCREWING IT UP.

Houston–Galveston–Brazoria, TX CMSACharlotte–Gastonia–Rock Hill, NC/SC MSA

Jacksonville, FL MSANashville, TN MSA

Indianapolis, IN MSAOklahoma City, OK MSA

Raleigh–Durham–Chapel Hill, NC MSAOrlando, FL MSA

Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC MSAAtlanta, GA MSA

Austin–San Marcos, TX MSAKansas City, MO/KS MSA

Saint Louis, MO/IL MSADallas-Fort Worth, TX CMSA

Las Vegas, NV–AZ MSARichmond–Petersburg, VA MSA

San Antonio, TX MSATampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater, FL MSA

Louisville, KY/IN MSAMemphis, TN/AR/MS MSA

Detroit–Ann Arbor–Flint, MI CMSAColumbus, OH MSA

Minneapolis–St. Paul, MN/WI MSAHartford, CT MSA

Miami–Fort Lauderdale, FL CMSAWest Palm Beach–Boca Raton, FL MSA

Denver–Boulder–Greeley, CO CMSACincinnati–Hamilton, OH/KY/IN CMSA

Grand Rapids–Muskegon–Holland, MI MSAMilwaukee–Racine, WI CMSA

San Diego, CA MSARochester, NY MSA

Phoenix–Mesa, AZ MSANorfolk–Virginia Beach–Newport News, VA/NC MSA

Seattle–Tacoma–Bremerton, WA CMSAWashington–Baltimore, DC/MD/VA/WV CMSA

Boston–Worcester–Lawrence, MA/NH/ME/CT CMSALos Angeles–Riverside–Orange County, CA CMSA

San Francisco–Oakland–San Jose, CA CMSACleveland–Akron, OH CMSA

Salt Lake City–Ogden, UT MSAProvidence–Fall River–Warwick, RI--MA MSA

Pittsburgh, PA MSAChicago–Gary–Kenosha, IL/IN/WI CMSA

Buffalo–Niagara Falls, NY MSAPhiladelphia–Wilmington–Atlantic City, PA/NJ

Portland–Salem, OR/WA CMSASacramento–Yolo, CA CMSA

New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island, NY/NJNew Orleans, LA MSA

0 10 20 30 40

Vehicle Miles Travelled Per Person Per Day

The HypothesisMetro areas that drive less spend less on transportation.

Compact urban development and diverse and functional transportation choices give people alternatives to cars.

Income Spent on Transportation Increases with VMT

R2 = 0.2762

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%

16.0%

18.0%

20.0%

22.0%

24.0%

15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0

VMT/Person/Day

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Estimating the GainEach vehicle mile traveled costs about 50 cents, including fuel, maintenance and capital costs.

At current gas prices, fuel represents about one-third of total vehicle costs.

Chicago’s Green DividendIf we move Chicago from 21.2 miles per day to 20.2 miles per day…

The Chicago Green Dividend = $1.7 billion annually

Houston’s Green DividendIf we move Houston from 37.7 miles per day to 36.7 miles per day…

The Houston Green Dividend = $1 billion annually

Denver’s Green DividendIf we move Denver from 24.9 miles per day to 23.9 miles per day…

The Denver Green Dividend = $440 million annually