Adjective Clauses: Review and Expansion4

Focus on Grammar 5Part IV, Unit 11By Ruth Luman, Gabriele Steiner, and BJ WellsCopyright © 2006. Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Fearless PrincessA Fairytale

Once upon a time, there was a prince.

He decided to take a walk in a dark and scary forest.

All of a sudden, a terrible storm moved in…

…and the prince got completely lost.

In the morning, a terrifying dragon found the prince. The prince became very, very scared.

Suddenly a knight in armor appeared from behind a tree and attacked the dragon.

Now, the terrible dragon was afraid and ran away.

When the prince walked up to the knight, the knight took off his armor …

… and a beautiful princess stood in front of him.

She was strong and smart and sweet …

… and she took him to her castle

where they lived happily ever after.

Can you complete these definitions?

An adjective clause is a …

Adjective clause pronouns (or relative pronouns) are …

An adjective describes or modifies a noun or pronoun.

An adjective clause is a dependent clause that describes a noun or pronoun in a main clause.

Adjective clause pronouns (or relative pronouns) are who, whom, which, and that.

DefinitionsDefinitions

An adjective describes …

This is the prince whowho got lost.

Here is the knight thatthat the prince respects.

This is the princess whowho saved the prince.

Relative Pronouns 1Relative Pronouns 1

UseUse who who and that that to refer to people.

The knight holds the sword whichwhich scared the dragon.

The dragon thatthat scared the prince spits fire.

Relative Pronouns 2Relative Pronouns 2

UseUse which which and that to refer to things.

This is the princess thatthat saved the prince’s life.

Relative Pronouns 3Relative Pronouns 3

The knight holds the sword thatthat scared the dragon.

ThatThat is less formal than whowho and whichwhich.

He attacked the dragon.

Here is the knight.

nounadjective clause

describes the noun

Adjective Clauses 1Adjective Clauses 1

subject

Here is the knight who attacked the dragon.

Do you see the dragon that scared the prince?

It scared the prince.

Do you see the dragon?

noun

Adjective Clauses 2Adjective Clauses 2

adjective clause describes the noun

subject

The dragon was dangerous.

The knight attacked the dragon.

The dragon that the knight attacked was very dangerous.

nounadjective clause

describes the noun

Adjective Clauses 3Adjective Clauses 3

subjectobject

The prince was scared.

The princess saved him.

The prince whom the princess saved was scared.

nounadjective clause

describes the noun

Adjective Clauses 4Adjective Clauses 4

subjectobject

Who and what

are these fairytale

figures and items?

Form sentences with adjective clauses.Practice 1Practice 1

1

2 3

4

5

They lived in her castle.

The princess was powerful.

The princess whose castle they lived in was powerful.

noun

Using Whose 1Using Whose 1

UseUse whose toto replace a possessive adjective.replace a possessive adjective. An adjective clause with whose can modify people.can modify people.

Its appearance terrified the prince.

The dragon whose appearance terrified the prince ran away.

noun

Using Whose 2Using Whose 2

An adjective clause with whosewhose can also modify things.

The dragon ran away.

1. The dragon is dangerous. His fire and smoke scare everyone.

Practice 2Practice 2Combine the sentences below. Change the second sentence to an adjective clause.

2. The storm is frightening. The prince is walking through the storm.The storm, through whichthrough which the prince is

walking, is frightening.

3. The princess is fearless. The prince escapes with her.The princess, with whomwith whom the prince

escapes, is fearless.

The dragon, whosewhose fire and smoke

scare everyone, is dangerous.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education and

its licensors. All rights reserved.

ReferencesReferences