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Music video
Codes and Conventions
What are codes and conventions?
OIt is a technique, method or aspect that is used in all media forms
PurposeO It allows the audience to become familiar
with a certain genre as they become familiar to see certain things within a music video.
O It ensures that a certain text works well and fits into genre.
O It provides a structure that the audience can understand.
O To ensure the lyrics of the song fit in with the video of how the audience expect it to be.
TypesO Technical.O The way the equipment and technology
are used to construct meaning.O Camera angles and shots
O EditingO Sound
O SymbolicO Meaning created beyond what is obvious
to see.O Mise—en-scene
Camera shots and angles
O The way the camera is used when filming for a music video is crucial.
O It can create different effects by the different angles used and the camera movement.
O Every music video uses a variety of camera shots , angles and movements.
Camera shots and angles
O Crane shotsOften used in performance based videos to show the character on stage or from above. This is because the crane allows the camera to hover above/around the stage/artist this allows a variety of different angled shots to take place.O Pans/tiltsThese are often used to move between characters or members of the band .It is also used to show the location.
Examples
Crane
shot
Pan
O Close upsThese are shots that are used to focus on one area of a person or location often a person’s face or a window. These often focus on the performer while they are singing or showing emotion. In narrative they are often used to show emotion and expression.O Tracking shotsThese shots are mainly used in narrative elements to follow a characters movements across a location.
Examples
Close ups
Tracking shot
O High angle shotsThis is done by placing the camera above the artist looking down on the object. Often used to create a feeling of weakness.O Low angle shotsWhen the camera is placed below the artist looking up at them making a feeling of strength.
Examples
High angle
shots
Low angle shots
EditingO The editing process in music videos
takes a lot of time and is a crucial part of music videos. The lip synching definitely needs to be edited so that the musicians look as though they are actually singing the song at the exact same time as the music playing.
Common editing techniques
O Jump cutO Footage which is used to match what
is said in the lyrics of the music .O Split screensO CGI effects to show impossible
outcomes such a super hero moves and flying.
Examples
footageCGI effect
SoundO It is very essential as it can add
extra effects to the vocals and instruments through post production.
O In some music videos the sound can be faded or paused for an artistic effect.
O Diegetic sounds can be used either in the beginning or the end of the video like traffic or people talking which can help the authenticity of the music video.
Examples
Black eyed
peas
Lilly Allen
Mise-en-sceneO This is an important feature in pre-
production that sets the screen for the genre of music and the performer.
O It includesO Props
O LocationO Costumes
O Hair and MakeupO Lighting
PropsO Props enhance the viewing
experience by making the music video seem more eccentric or small things that are needed to complete a set to a believable standard.
Example
LocationO The location and scene of a music
video cannot only show the audience where the artist is but can also decide about the genre.
Examples
CostumesO The costume is usually used to
represent certain characters in different ways.
O Different artists also wear different clothes to represent what they are portraying in the music video.
Examples
Hair and makeupO The way an artist hair is done for a purpose it
shows the characters personality or to attract the audience.
O It is important that the appearance of the actor/artist is of good quality as they will be viewed by the audience.
O Hair and makeup can be used in many different ways for many different reasons.
O For example bold and bright makeup with big hair can be used o show a person is fun loving and glamorous making the artist stand out.
Example
Lighting O Lightt6ing creates different views by
the way the scene is lit.O It allows the audience to recognize
the genre and style of the music video.
O A bright light draws the viewers attention.
O Sometimes natural and artificial lights are also used in the music video.
Examples
These examples have been taken from “When I look at you” and “release me”.
Mise-en-scene of different genres
O JAZZ O Hip hopO R&BO PopO Rock
Jazz music videosO Contains bright lights and are often
performance based on huge stages.O Costumes include suits for men and
sophisticated dresses for women as well as classy hairstyles and bright makeup.
O The overall view of these videos is to portray sophistication and elegance.
Hip hop music videoO Use quite dark colors , simple
settings and portrayals of women to show their sexuality which appeals to males
O The majority of hip hop music artists are males.
R&b music videos.O Similar to hip hop videos as they
contain simple settings and many show women dressed in revealing clothes.
O These videos have an element to portray wealth and power through the use of cars and jewellery due to the costume and setting.
Pop music videosO Feature the use of bright colors ,
flashing lights ,creative settings and backdrops.
O Appeals mainly too the younger audience as many pop artists are young and express themselves through the lyrics of pop music as well as their costumes that make the musicians look innocent and the audience can relate themselves with the musicians.
Rock music videoO Have dark colors throughout and use
simple settings.O Many videos contain the use of music
equipment such as drums and guitars.O There is a lot of emotion in the videos
through the characters and musicians facial expressions and normally they do not portray happiness as they relate the lyrics and meaning of the song to the story line and emotions.
The End