CINEMATOGRAPHY

Atif Ali

GLOSSARY

Diegetic - Diegetic sound is any sound that emanates from the story (or narrative) world of a film, which is referred to in film studies as diegesis.

Non Diegetic - Non-diegetic sound is sound whose origin is from outside the story world.

Ambient - Relating to or denoting advertising that makes use of sites or objects other than the established media (e.g. by placing slogans on the back of

bus tickets).

SFX - The sound effects of the movie.

Mood - A mood is an emotional state.

Tone - Tone in film is very hard to separate from mood, setting the tone with sounds is very similar to mood as it sets the scene for what's happening.

Genre - A style or category of art, music, or literature.

Theme music - Theme music is a piece that is often written specifically for a radio program, television program, video game or movie, and usually played

during the intro, during title sequence and/or ending credits.

Voice over - Voice-over (also known as off-camera or off-stage commentary) is a production technique where a voice—that is not part of the narrative (non-

diegetic)—is used in a radio, television production, filmmaking, theatre, or other presentations.

Musical Score - Is original music written specific to accompany a film. The score forms part of the film's soundtrack, which also usually includes dialogue

and sound effects.

Synchronous sound - Synchronous sound is sound that is matched to certain movements occurring in the scene e.g when footsteps correspond to feet

walking.

Asynchronous sound - Are not matched with a visible source of the sound on screen. Such sounds are included so as to provide an appropriate emotional

nuance, and they may also add to the realism of the film. For example: A film maker might opt to include the background sound of an ambulance's siren while the

foreground sound and image portrays an arguing couple.

Contrapuntal - composed of two or more relatively independent melodies sounded together.

Silence - Is a film with no synchronised record sound, with no spoken dialogue.

Selective sound - Sound that focus on a particular character, to high light the scene.

Sound bridges - Sound that begins with the carry-over sound from the previous scene before the new sound.

CAMERA SHOTS

Long shot

Establishing shot

Extreme close up shot

Point of view

Medium shot

Close up shot

Warms eye

Birds eye

Extreme shot

Over the shoulder shot

MOVEMENT

Pan

Crane

Tracking shot

Side tracking shot

Zoom

Virtual camera shot

Flying camera shot

Motion control

WHAT IS

CINEMATOGRAPHY?

What is cinematography?

Well, the name comes from combining two Greek words: kinema, which means movement, and graphein, which means to record. In film,

cinematography refers to the photographing of the movie itself. The person in charge of this is the cinematographer, also known as the director or

photography or the DP. The cinematographer is one of the most important people that will be hired for a film. The visual look of your film is

heavily dependent on who you hire. If you ever find yourself in a hiring position, then make sure that your potential DP has a reel for you to see.

You want to be absolutely sure that you're hiring the right person.

What does it do?

The cinematographer or director of photography (DP) is the person in charge of actually shooting the film. He is the head of the camera and

lighting departments, and as such he has a big role in the making of any movie. As early as pre-production, the DP has to make some crucial

decisions about the look and feel of a movie: is it going to be color or black and white? Are they shooting digital or film (the latter is becoming

rarer and rarer)? If color is used, will the colors be vibrant and saturated or faded and “dull”? Is the camera going to be omniscient and be

wherever it needs to be, or is it tied to a character, always showing their POV. Are they going for a more realistic tone, or a expressionistic one.

What does it consist of?

Digital cinematography is the process of capturing motion pictures as digital video images, as opposed to the historical use of motion

picture film. Digital capture may occur on video tape, hard disks, flash memory, or other media which can record digital data through the use of a

digital movie video camera or other digital video camera. As digital technology has improved, this practice has become increasingly common.

Many mainstream Hollywood movies now are shot partly or fully digitally.

AVENGERS ASSEMBLE:

AGE OF ULTRON

Flying camera shot

Mid Back shot

Close up shot Over the shoulder shot

Extreme lone shot

Mid close up shot

CINEMATOGRAPHY SHOTS

It’s a medium back shot of

Captain America in a battle

which cause a chaos around

him.

It’s a extreme long shot of

the characters showing

the marvels are getting

ready for one of there

biggest battle.

Close up shot its

shows the

character deep in

thought.

Long shot of a robot is

alive and shocked the

characters who is trying to

take over the place.

Mid close up its

showing a reaction to

something off

camera.

It’s a full shot of

a building its

shows they have

located the

enemy.