74
European Union law and politics Eszter Karoliny

01 european union law and politics

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: 01 european union law and politics

European Union law and politics

Eszter Karoliny

Page 2: 01 european union law and politics

Today

• Introduction• About this course• History and evolution of European in-

tegration. Basic terms and concepts

Page 3: 01 european union law and politics

Where I come from…

Page 4: 01 european union law and politics

Hungary

• Magyarország

• Magyar + ország

Page 5: 01 european union law and politics

BUDAPEST

PÉCS

Page 6: 01 european union law and politics

Pécs

Page 7: 01 european union law and politics

University of Pécs, Faculty of Law

Page 8: 01 european union law and politics

English: Eszter Karoliny

Hungarian: Karoliny Eszter

Page 9: 01 european union law and politics

About this course

What, when, how?

Page 10: 01 european union law and politics

Syllabus• Class 1: History and evolution of European

integration. Basic terms and concepts. • Class 2: The present EU institutional

framework. Decision-making processes.• Class 3: The EU law. Sources, resources,

significance, methods. • Class 4: The single market. Freedom of

movement. • Class 5: EU policies.• Class 6: EU in the world: foreign relations• Class 7: Mid-term Exam

Page 11: 01 european union law and politics

Syllabus• Class 8: EU Law in practice: cases of the

Court of Justice of the European Union 1.• Class 9: EU Law in practice: cases of the

Court of Justice of the European Union 2.• Class 10: EU Law in practice: Moot Case 1. • Class 11: EU Law in practice: Moot Case 2. • Class 12: EU Law in practice: Moot Court. • Class 13: EU politics, European politics• Class 14: Democracy, citizenship, a Euro-

pean public sphere• Class 15: Final Exam

Page 12: 01 european union law and politics

Your textbook…

• The ABC of European Union law• Download it from EU Bookshop

• Use Internet sources, books from the library

• 2009 – major reform of EU institutions, some policies

Page 13: 01 european union law and politics

Moot court

• Solve a fictional case before the ECJ– You will get the case on Wednesday

• 2 lessons with presentations on ECJ case-law

• 2 preparatory lessons – written arguments: applicants, respondents

• 1 Moot Court lesson – oral proceedings

• Groupwork

Page 14: 01 european union law and politics

EU Court of Justice case analysis homework

• In groups of 3-4 people, read, analyse and present a case of the ECJ

• Presentations on 12-13 January

• You will get the assigned case on Wednesday

Page 15: 01 european union law and politics

European culture homework task

• Download United in diversity• Take a country• Identify as many pictures on the map

as you can – who are they, what buildings, which objects

• Why are they significant for the country in question?

• Be prepared to talk about it January 19-20-21.

Page 16: 01 european union law and politics

Exams!

• Open book• Short questions• Easy!

Page 17: 01 european union law and politics

Evaluation

• Mid term exam 25%, • Final exam 30%, • Homework Assignments 25%,

– Cultural– ECJ case analysis

• Class Participation (Moot court) 20%

Page 18: 01 european union law and politics

Introductory-level course• Using legal terms• Using political science terms• ESL• Culture clash!

1. Ask questions!2. Note new terms!3. Look up definitions!

Page 19: 01 european union law and politics

Contact

• at class• [email protected]• Facebook

• http://eulaw-knu.livejournal.com/

• …when in doubt, ask questions!

Page 20: 01 european union law and politics

International organizations?

Page 21: 01 european union law and politics

International organizations• History:

– Co-existence– Congresses– 1815 Rhine Commission– 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention– 1863 Red Cross– Transport and communication– 1919 League of Nations

• Post WW2– United Nations– Economic cooperation (Bretton-Woods)

• GATT• International Monetary Fund

Page 22: 01 european union law and politics

Types

1. Membership– IGO / NGO– Open / limited

2. Function– Universal / Specialised– Political / Functional

3. Geography– Universal / regional / subregional

4. Legal / illegal5. Intergovernmental / supranational

Page 23: 01 european union law and politics

Creation of IGOs

• International treaty– Constituent treaty

Page 24: 01 european union law and politics

Institutions, organs and bodies

• Variety of organs for separate functions– Plenary– Executive– Administrative– Judicial– Parliamentary

• Creating organs– Constituent treaty– Subsidiary organs

Page 25: 01 european union law and politics

Decision-making

• Unanimity• Consensus• Package deals• Qualified majority voting, QMV• Weighted voting

• Binding rules – consent

Page 26: 01 european union law and politics

History and evolution of European integrationBasic terms and concepts

Page 27: 01 european union law and politics

Europe in geography

Page 28: 01 european union law and politics

Political situation after WWII

• Allied occupation

• Casualties• Destruction• Genocide

• Many wars, moving borders

Page 29: 01 european union law and politics

Europe, 1914

Page 30: 01 european union law and politics

Europe, 1937

Page 31: 01 european union law and politics

Renewal of ideas of European unity

• Politicians• Philosophers

• Victor Hugo: United States of Europe• 1923 Richard Coudenhove-Calegri:

Pan-Europe

Page 32: 01 european union law and politics

Europe in the Cold War

Page 33: 01 european union law and politics

New need for integration• Bipolar world• Western Europe can only remain an

economic or political power via integration

• Which type?– Political– Military– Economic– Common institutions– Supranational?

Page 34: 01 european union law and politics

International organizations

• 1948 Benelux union• 1949 Council of Europe• German states established• 1945-49 socialist regimes in Central

Eastern European states• 1947 Marshall Plan

– 1948 OEEC (1961 OECD)– 1949 COMECON

Page 35: 01 european union law and politics

Military alliances

• 1949 NATO• 1955 Warsaw Pact

Page 36: 01 european union law and politics

The idea of a new community

• All IGOs established are– Political cooperation– Intergovernmental, if economic

• Not sufficient to prevent another war

• 1950 Jean Monnet – Robert Schuman

Page 37: 01 european union law and politics

Schuman Plan

• French-German integration• Step-by-step• Basis: crucial area for maintaining

peace– German coal– French iron ore

• Common market, removal of customs, duties: economic benefits

• Under a single High Authority• Open to other countries

Page 38: 01 european union law and politics

European Coal and Steel Community

• Germany: positive response (Adenauer)

• Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg

• Italy

• United Kingdom: no

• 1951, Paris: Treaty of ECSC signed• 1952 enters into force

Page 39: 01 european union law and politics

Failed plans• Pléven plan: common European

defence force– European Defence Community– European Political Community

• 1954: French Parliament votes no

• Instead: 1954 Western European Union– Collective defence– UK + 6

Page 40: 01 european union law and politics

New Communities• 1955 Messina: conference• 1956 Paul-Henri Spaak report

– Atomic energy– General common market, customs union

• 1957 Rome – Treaty on the European Economic

Community (EEC)– Treaty on the European Atomic Energy

Community (EURATOM)

Page 41: 01 european union law and politics
Page 42: 01 european union law and politics

Institutional structure

ECSCTreaty of

Paris

EECTreaty of

Rome

EURATOMTreaty of

Rome

High Authority Commission Commission

Council of Ministers

Council of Ministers

Council of Ministers

Assembly → European Parliament

Court of Justice

Page 43: 01 european union law and politics

First 15 years• Removal of customs and quantitative

restrictions by 1968 instead of 1970• 1962 Decision on integrating

agricultural markets• Trade growing rapidly in Community• 1969-70 plans for a monetary union

– no success• 1965 Merger Treaty: single

institutional framework

Page 44: 01 european union law and politics

Problems

• 1961 UK, Ireland, Denmark, Norway want to join the Communities– French President De Gaulle: no

• 1967 again• 1965 „empty chair policy”

– No representatives to the Council– disagreement over agricultural funding– Luxembourg compromise

Page 45: 01 european union law and politics

Enlargement

• De Gaulle retires• 1973 UK, Ireland, Denmark join the

Communities• Norway referendum: no

Page 46: 01 european union law and politics
Page 47: 01 european union law and politics

1973-1986• Economic crisis (oil)• British membership• Integration slows• 1974- Heads of State and Government

meet • 1979 European Monetary System

– Exchange Rate Mechanism– European Currency Unit– European Monetary Cooperation Fund

• 1979 first elections to the European Parliament• 1981 Greece joins• 1986 Spain and Portugal join

Page 48: 01 european union law and politics
Page 49: 01 european union law and politics
Page 50: 01 european union law and politics

Single European Act• 1986: First general reform of the

Treaties• Goal: single / internal market by 1992

– Elimination of physical and technical restrictions Treaty on the European

Union1992: MaastrichtCommon currency: EuroPolitical union

Common Foreign and Security Policy Justice and Home Affairs

More power to the EP, more QMV

Page 51: 01 european union law and politics

Pillar structure

ECECSC

EURATOM1

CFSP

2

JHA

PJC

3

UNION

Page 52: 01 european union law and politics
Page 53: 01 european union law and politics

New enlargement

• 1995 Austria, Finland, Sweden, Norway

• Norway referendum: no

Page 54: 01 european union law and politics
Page 55: 01 european union law and politics

Treaty of Amsterdam• 1997: reform not successful• New methods in JHA• More powers to the European

ParliamentTreaty of Nice

2000: reform to support enlargement Faster decision-making process Efficiency Charter of Fundamental Rights

Page 56: 01 european union law and politics
Page 57: 01 european union law and politics

”Big Bang” enlargement

• 2004 Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Cyprus, Malta

Page 58: 01 european union law and politics
Page 59: 01 european union law and politics

2007

• Romania, Bulgaria

Page 60: 01 european union law and politics
Page 61: 01 european union law and politics

Constitutional Treaty

• 2000: Treaty of Nice not a long-term solution

• Idea: a whole new treaty• European Convent• 2003-2004 Treaty establishing a

Constitution for the European Union• 2005 France, Netherlands vote no• Period of reflection (2005-07)

Page 62: 01 european union law and politics

Treaty of Lisbon

• Instead: new amending Treaty– 2007 Reform Treaty (Lisbon)– 2008: Ireland votes no, 2009: new Irish vote

• December 2009: Lisbon Treaty enters into force– New institutions– New decision-making rules– European Union has legal personality– Pillar system abolished

Page 63: 01 european union law and politics
Page 64: 01 european union law and politics

Resources

• Europa portal http://europa.eu/• European Navigator

http://www.ena.lu/ • EU Bookshop

http://bookshop.europa.eu/ • EUROSTAT

http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu • EUTube

http://www.youtube.com/EUtube

Page 65: 01 european union law and politics

For tomorrow…

• Read the chapter The institutions of tthe EU from your book

• …at least as much as you can• PPT will be uploaded so you can

download it in the morning

Page 66: 01 european union law and politics

Group work

• Form groups of 5-6 people• Introduce yourselves!• Important dates of the European

Union• Write important happenings in Korea!

– History– Politics– Family– Sport

Page 67: 01 european union law and politics

Membership in the EU

Page 68: 01 european union law and politics

Member States

• 1952: 6 BeNeLux, Germany, France, Italy

• 1973: 9 Denmark, Ireland, UK• 1981: 10 Greece• 1986: 12 Spain, Portugal• 1995: 15 Austria, Finland, Sweden• 2004: 25 Czech Republic, Hungary,

Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Cyprus, Malta

• 2007: 27 Bulgaria, Romania

Page 69: 01 european union law and politics

Becoming a Member State – Treaty criteria

Article 2• The Union is founded on the values of respect

for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equal-ity, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to mi-norities. These values are common to the Mem-ber States in a society in which pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and equality between women and men prevail.

Article 49• Any European State which respects the values re-

ferred to in Article 2 and is committed to promoting them may apply to become a member of the Union.

Article 50 • Any Member State may decide to withdraw from

the Union in accordance with its own constitutional requirements.

Page 70: 01 european union law and politics

Agrees to apply acquis communautaire

• The whole EU legal system, e.g.:– Founding Treaties– Regulations, directives made by the EU

institutionsetc.– Agreements between Member States– Case-law of the Courts– …

Page 71: 01 european union law and politics

Copenhagen criteria 1993

1. Democratic system of government2. Recognition of human and

minorities’ rights 3. Functioning market economy

+ Readiness on the EU’s part

Page 72: 01 european union law and politics

Membership issues

• 1973, 1995 Norway• 1986 Greenland• 1990 Democratic Republic of

Germany

Page 73: 01 european union law and politics

Eur-lex – how to find your case?

Page 74: 01 european union law and politics

For tomorrow