XML

Sematic Web

XML

AGOUN JUBA

1 CSGroup 4

Summary I. Definition

II. Authors

III. History

IV. XML Usage

V. XML Syntax

VI. XML Element

VII.XML Attribute

VIII.Example

IX. Conclusion 2

DefinitioneXtensible Markup Language = XML

Markup language that defines a set of rules for

encoding documents in a format which

is both human-readable and

machine-readable

3

Additional information

• Filename extension .xml

• Developed by world wide web consortium

• Open format

• Started in 1996

4

Authors• Tim Bray# Canadian software developer

# Co-founded Open Text Corporation and Antarctica Systems

• C. M. Sperberg-McQueen#Instrumental in the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI)

• Jon Bosak#worked for Sun Microsystems

5

History

6

• XML is a descendant of SGML(the Standard Generalized Markup Language)

• Invented at IBM in the 1970s.

• SGML's biggest success was HTML(HyperText Markup Language) in 1993.

History

7

• Then comes XML in 1996.

• Extended to XHTML(Extensible Hypertext Markup Language) in 2000.

• Several Internet languages are written in XML:

SVG,WSDL,RSS

History

8

History

9

Evolution in time

XML Usages

10

• Separates Data from HTML“If you need to display dynamic data in your HTML document, it will take a lot of work to edit the

HTML each time the data changes”

• Simplifies Data Sharing

• Simplifies Platform Changes

• Makes Your Data More Available“With XML, your data can be available to all kinds of -reading machines-”

Juba AGOUN, 12/26/2014

In the real world, computer systems and databases contain data in incompatible formats.XML data is stored in plain text format. This provides a software- and hardware-independent way of storing data.This makes it much easier to create data that can be shared by different applications.

XML Syntax

11

•<message> opening tag,</message> closing tag In XML, it is illegal to omit the closing tag. All elements must have a closing tag

•Elements Must be Properly NestedExample: <b><i>This text is bold and italic</i></b>

•Use  to comment a code

• Documents Must Have a Root ElementExample: <root> <child> <subchild>.....</subchild> </child>

</root>

XML Element

12

What is an XML Element?

An XML element is everything from (including) the element's start tag to (including) the element's end tag it contains:

other elementstextAttributesEmpty XML Elementsor a mix of all of the above...

<bookstore> <book category="CHILDREN"> <title>Harry Potter</title> <author>J K. Rowling</author> <year>2005</year> <price>29.99</price> </book></bookstore>

XML Attribute

13

Attributes provide additional information about an element.

Example : <file type="gif">computer.gif</file>

AttributeAttribute

Attributes Must be Quoted

Example

14

XML code:

Output :

<note> <to>Tove</to> <from>Jani</from> <body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body></note>

Conclusion

When you write an XML document:

Use an XML editor that supports encodingMake sure you know what encoding the editor usesDescribe the encoding in the encoding attributeUTF-8 is the safest encoding to useUTF-8 is the web standard

15

Bibliography

• http://www.w3schools.com/xml

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML

• http://docstore.mik.ua/orelly/xml/xmlnut/ch01_04.htm

• http://scenari-platform.org/mobile-source/opale-demo/co/xml_web/co/xmlUL08sgml.html

• http://www.xul.fr/xml.html

• http://www.itwriting.com/xmlintro.php

16

THANK YOU

17

Engineering

XML