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PROJECT ON DIGITAL FUEL LEVEL INDICATOR

SUBMITED BY- NAME ROLL NO. ARPAN ROY CHOUDHURI 10200312010 SUSANTA GHOSAL 10200112085 ARKAPRABHA PAL 10200312009 SWARNAVA MUKHERJEE 10200312054

KALYANI GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to thank our respected project mentor Mr. Sandip Nandi sir for his active co-operation with us in this project .Without his help we wouldn't have even thought of such an interesting topic.

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CONTENTS NAME OF THE TOPIC

PAGE NO. Abstract

4 Introduction

5 Why we need it

6 Circuit Diagram

7 Components

8 Block Diagram

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Power Source 10

Circuit Operation 12

Receiver 13

OP-AMP as Comparator 14

Specifications of LM358 15

Estimated Project Cost 16

Advantage 17

Expected Problems 18

Proposed Solution 19

Block Diagram 20

Reference 22

 

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ABSTRACT

Today in this digitalized world, if the fuel indicator in the automobiles is also made digital it will help to know the amount of fuel available in the fuel tank in the form of digital logic i.e HIGH or LOW.

Communication in a wireless medium between an IR transmitter and receiver is the mechanism which is used to find out the fuel level .

The main feature in this fuel level indicator is that, the reserve condition is pre-informed to the user with an alarm, which helps to tune it to the reserve position before the engine stops and this helps to avoid knocking and engine damage. 

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INTRODUCTION The aim of our project is to monitor the level of the fuel in the

fuel tank and to automatically indicate the level information . A Fuel indicator is used to alarm the level of fuel in the fuel

tank of a vehicle. It gives an alarm when the fuel in the tank is below the critical

level.

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WHY WE NEED IT ?

Monitor the level of fuels inside the fuel meter. Indication of the threshold level of fuel in the tank. Attention. Safe driving.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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COMPONENTS

PCB Board { 1 PCS } Bread Board IC 7805 12 volt Battery Battery cap Resistance-

100ohm,330ohm,10k(2 pieces),4.7k

Capacitor 0.33 uF { 2 PCS} Potentiometer

LED of different colours(3 pieces) IR transmitter IR receiver( Photo diode ) OPAMP (LM358) Connecting Wires Soldering kit

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

Wireless Medium

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Power Source

We need 5 volt Power Supply for our circuit. Most Vehicles run on 12 volt Battery. We may use 7805 voltage regulator IC to convert 5 volt from 12 volt

Battery of the car.

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Circuit Operation

The IR transmitter sends an IR radiation in the infrared wavelength region(760 nm).

When the fuel level is above the threshold level the radiated light scatters but when it is below the threshold level it falls upon a receiver.

Due to the falling of light on the receiver a potential difference is created across the ends.

This potential difference is recognized by an Op-Amp as HIGH or LOW. The output of Op-Amp is sent to LED or a Buzzer.

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RECEIVER

Here Photo diode is used to capture emitted light of IR LED. A Photo diode is a reverse biased silicon or germanium pn junction in

which reverse current increases when the junction is exposed to light. It is a semiconductor diode that, when exposed to light, generates a

potential difference or changes its electrical resistance. When no light is incident on the pn junction of photo diode, the

reverse current is extremely small. This is called DARK CURRENT.

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OPAMP AS COMPARATOR The output of Photo diode is analog voltage. But we need digital output i.e. HIGH or LOW. So we use OPAMP LM358 as comparator.

V0 = High when V1 > V2 V0 = Low when V1 < v2

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SPECIFICATIONS OF LM358

The LM-358 IC consists of two independent operational amplifiers which were designed specifically to operate from a single power supply over a wide range of voltages.

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ESTIMATED PROJECT COST

PCB BOARD 40 BREAD BOARD 70 IC 7805 10 OP-AMP LM-358 20 IR TRANSMITTER & RECEIVER 30

L.E.D 15 BUZZER 30 POTENIOMETER 15 RESISTANCE 20 CAPACITOR 10

CONNECTING WIRE 20 BATTERY & CAP 60 SOLDING MECHINE 300 SOLDING WIRE 50 TOTAL COST = 670

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Advantages

Easy installation . Low maintenance . Compact elegant design . Can be operated using an external battery supply . Fully automatic, saves man power . Consume very little energy, ideal for continuous operation. Show clear indication of fuel levels .

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EXPECTED PROBLEM

The main disadvantage of our circuit is it can only indicate when the fuel level is below the threshold level.

It will not indicate the fuel status when it is decreasing, if the level is above threshold level.

Certainly it will indicate the user about the fuel level , when it will go below threshold.

The user at that moment can be at a situation where he/she can’t get the fuel.

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PROPOSED SOLUTION

An array of IR sensors are properly connected in the tank at different depths.

The outputs of the OPAMPs are then applied to a decoder. The decoder outputs are then connected properly to the indicators to

provide the latest status of fuel level to the user. More the No. of sensors in the array ,better is the performance.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

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From the block diagram we can have eight output combinations . we will select only the following combinations.

ABC LED COLOUR FUEL STATUS0dd GREEN VERY GOOD1d0 YELLOW MODERATE111 RED FUEL TO BE REFILLED

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REFERENCES

http://www.instructables.com/id/Infrared-Transmitter-and-Receiver/ https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/ir-communication http://www.roboticsbible.com/making-of-ir-sensor-module.html www.elprocus.com/infrared-ir-sensor-circuit-and-working/ vepamon.com/products/sensors/lld-indicator/ www.buildcircuit.com/experiment-with-lm358/

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THANK YOU

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