Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
WIND POWER
TEJVEER CHOUDHARY
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG.
4th Year ( Sec-II )
UE114069
Energy is a Property of object, transferable among
them via fundamental interactions, which can
be converted in form but not created or destroyed.
There are two types of sources for
production of electric energy
1. Renewable Energy Sources
2. Nonrenewable energy Sources
Renewable Energy Sources
Renewable sources of energy can be used
over and over again.
• Solar Energy
• Wind Energy
• Geothermal energy
• Biomass Energy
• Hydropower Energy
Nonrenewable Sources of Energy
Nonrenewable sources
of energy can’t be used again.
• Coal
• Crude oil
• Natural gas
• Uranium
Wind Power
• The wind on Earth is a complex form of solar energy.
• It’s formed by differences in atmospheric air pressure, usually generated by the
Sun. Earth is heated unevenly, with warmer temperatures in places like the
Bahamas and cooler temperatures in places like Antarctica. Hot air rises while
cooler air falls, and the push between heated and cooled air creates wind.
• Another component of wind creation is the constant rotation of our planet. Earth's
rotation toward the east (plus uneven air temperatures between the equator and the
poles) means that the strong high altitude winds of the jet stream blow east to west.
• Finally, a third factor of wind is Earth’s uneven surfaces. With valleys, mountains,
and other landforms, Earth’s surface isn’t uniform. This means that air passes
unevenly in the atmosphere. As pockets of heated air move up and cool air falls,
wind starts, stops, and shifts in different ways because of Earth's rotation and its
uneven surface.
Wind power is the conversion
of wind energy into a useful form of energy
• Wind turbines to produce electrical power
• Windmills for mechanical power
• Windpumps for water pumping
Production of
Electricity Using Wind
Power
• Wind turbines use the wind’s kinetic energy to generate electrical energy.
• A Windmill captures wind energy and then uses a generator to convert it
to electrical energy
Able to deliver electricity at lower cost
than smaller turbines, because foundation
costs, planning costs, etc. are
independent of size.
Well-suited for offshore wind plants.
In areas where it is difficult to find sites,
one large turbine on a tall tower uses the
wind extremely efficiently
Local electrical grids may not be able
to handle the large electrical output
from a large turbine, so smaller
turbines may be more suitable.
High costs for foundations for large
turbines may not be economical in
some areas.
Landscape considerations.
Most common design is the three-bladed turbine. The most important reason is the
stability of the turbine. A rotor with an odd number of rotor blades (and at least three
blades) can be considered to be similar to a disc when calculating the dynamic
properties of the machine.
A rotor with an even number of blades will give stability problems for a machine with a
stiff structure. The reason is that at the very moment when the uppermost blade bends
backwards, because it gets the maximum power from the wind, the lowermost blade
passes into the wind shade in front of the tower.
Wind Generators
•Wind power generators convert wind
energy (mechanical energy) to
electrical energy.
• The generator is attached at one
end to the wind turbine, which
provides the mechanical energy.
• At the other end, the generator is
connected to the electrical grid.
• The generator needs to have a
cooling system to make sure there is
no overheating.
Small Generators:-
Require less force to turn than a larger ones, but give much lower power output.
Less efficient
Large Generators:-
Very efficient at high wind speeds, but unable to turn at low wind speeds.
Power of Wind
P/m^2 = 6.1 x 10^-4 v^3
*The power in wind is
proportional to the cubic
wind speed ( v^3 ).
WHY?
~ Kinetic energy of an air mass is
proportional to v^2
~ Amount of air mass moving past a
given point is proportional to wind
velocity (v)
Cost of Wind Turbine
* An extra meter of tower will cost roughly 1,500 USD
Installation costs are typically $125,000.
A typical 600 kW turbine costs about $450,000.
Therefore, the total costs will be about $575,000.
The average price for large, modern wind farms is around $1,000 per
kilowatt electrical power installed.
Modern wind turbines are designed to work for some 120,000 hours of
operation throughout their design lifetime of 20 years. ( 13.7 years non-
stop)
Maintenance costs are about 1.5-2.0 percent of the original cost, per year.
The India currently has more than 25,000 MW of installed capacity and produces about 21136.3 MW
Wind power accounts for 8.5% of India's total installed power capacity, and it generates 1.6% of the country's power
Mainly Spread across Tamil Nadu (7253 MW),Gujarat (3,093 MW), Maharashtra (2976 MW), Karnataka (2113 MW), Rajasthan (2355 MW)
Advantages of Wind Energy
The wind blows day and night, which allows windmills to produce electricity throughout the day. (Faster during the day).
Energy output from a wind turbine will vary as the wind varies.
Wind energy is a domestic, renewable source of energy that generates no pollution and has little environmental impact.
Up to 95 percent of land used for wind farms can also be used for other profitable activities including ranching, farming and forestry.
The decreasing cost of wind power and the growing interest in renewable energy sources should ensure that wind power will become a viable energy source in the India and worldwide.
Growth of Wind Energy
Year
MW
Wind Energy generating capacity by country, 2005-2012
Available Potential in India
• The available
potential for wind in
India is 45000MW
out of which at
present we r using
only ~21000 MW.
Different Types of
Technology Used in
Wind Power
Generation
Horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT)
Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWT)
Darrieus wind turbine
Horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT)
Horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT) have
the main rotor shaft and electrical
generator at the top of a tower, and must be
pointed into the wind.
Small turbines are pointed by a simple wind
vane, while large turbines generally use a
wind sensor coupled with a servo motor.
Most have a gearbox, which turns the slow
rotation of the blades into a quicker rotation
that is more suitable to drive an electrical
generator.
Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWT)
Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWT) have the main
rotor shaft arranged vertically.
One advantage of this arrangement is that the
turbine does not need to be pointed into the wind
to be effective, which is an advantage on a site
where the wind direction is highly variable, for
example when the turbine is integrated into a
building.
The generator and gearbox can be placed near
the ground, using a direct drive from the rotor
assembly to the ground-based gearbox, improving
accessibility for maintenance.
Darrieus wind turbine
They have good efficiency,
but produce large torque
ripple and cyclical stress on
the tower, which contributes
to poor reliability.
They also generally require
some external power
source, or an additional
Savonius rotor to start
turning, because the
starting torque is very low
New Technology For Wind Turbine
Makani Wind Generator
Kites Wind Generator
BAT: The Buoyant
Airborne Turbine
The Sky Serpent
Architectural Wind
Honeywell Wind Turbine
Honeywell Wind Turbine Honeywell is a rooftop wind
turbine that works in wind
speed as low as 2 mph.
It designed for homes and
businesses.
Honeywell turbine does not
have gears like traditional
turbines.
It creates power from
magnetsin its blades tips and
in the enclosure for the blades.
Lower resistance, which can
means higher power output.
Architectural Wind
Architectural Wind is a
small wind turbine that
can be mounted on the
top edge of a building.
A variety of buildings
have installed rows of
these turbines.
As the wind hits the side of a
building, the resistance creates
an area of accelerated air flow-
straight up.
This wind turbine catches winds
as they travel up the wall.
The stronger the winds, the
faster it turns.
Architectural Wind
The Sky Serpent
The sky serpent makes
use of multiple rotors
attached to a single
generator.
The sky serpent’s rotors
are spaced and angled to
ensure that each one is
catching fresh wind.
Makani Wind Generator
• The Makani Airborne
Wind Turbine (AWT) is a tethered airfoil outfitted
with turbines. The wing
flies across the wind in
vertical loops, fixed to
the ground by a flexible
tether.
• Air moving across the
rotors forces them to
rotate, driving a
generator to produce electricity, which travels
down the tether to the
grid.
Makani Wind Generator
Kites Wind Generator
• KiteGen's core is set in motion by the
twirl of the kites; the rotation activates
large alternators producing current. A
control system on autopilot optimizes the
flight pattern to maximize the juice
produced as it sails on night and day
The Buoyant Airborne Turbine
• High altitude winds are one of the
largest untapped renewable
resources in the world.
• There is enough energy in high
altitude winds to power civilization 100
times over.
• High altitude winds are more consistent
and average around twice the velocity,
with five to eight times the power density,
than those found near ground-level. In the
U.S. alone, over 60% of potential wind
sites for tower-mounted systems were
found to be uneconomical.
The Buoyant Airborne Turbine
The Buoyant Airborne Turbine
"Coal, gas and oil will not be the three kings of the energy world for ever. It is no longer folly to look up to the sun and wind, down into the sea's waves"
