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BIM is a norm for the building industry. How about for infrastructures? Some countries are over confident on the implementation of BIM in both building and civil engineering industries. Is the BIM technology for infrastructures mature and easily available? Are the professionals ready for BIM?
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What does BIM mean for Civil Engineers?
Prepared by Ir C K Ng27 Nov 2013
The Institution of Civil EngineersHong Kong
Building Professionals Civil Engineer
What does BIM mean for Civil Engineers?
BIM Consultant of Build.IT Graduated from HKU in Civil Engineering Member of The Institute of Civil Engineers Worked for 10 years in HKG engineering departments Emigrated to Canada in 1992, working as AutoCAD 3rd party
developer – Floor/Rack/Panel/Device/Port FM system Returned to HK in 1995, working as Resident Site Staff until
2013 30 years in civil and structural engineering experience Received MSc in Geo-information Systems, HKPU, 1998 Chairman of BIM for Infrastructure Discipline, HKIUS MHKIE in CIVIL and INFORMATION Disciplines
Speaker
Topics• Definition of BIM• Essential Elements of a BIM software• Terms to know• BIM includes Civil Engineering - CIM?• CE - plant, structure, utilities, earthwork• BIM Strategy• Lessons learnt from New Civil Engineer• BIM Contractual Issues• Considerations and Actions• (Optional) Summary of CIC BIM Roadmap Paper
Definition of BIM (Wiki)Recent (2nd Generation):
Building information modeling (BIM) is a process involving the generation and management of digital representations of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. The resulting building information models become shared knowledge resources to support decision-making about a facility from earliest conceptual stages, through design and construction, through its operational life and eventual demolition.
Definition of BIM (original)
Description by Jerry Laiserin (Father of BIM) :
3D object-oriented AEC-specific CAD
• 3 Dimensional solid model (Singapore Spec)• Model-based (Parametric)• AEC (Building) specific
3 Essential Elements of BIM Software
More elements of a BIM authoring software
• Information Embedded or Linked• Data Richness is a measurement of Min. BIM Req.• Automatic Versioning• Unique model while allowing simultaneous access by
different team/disciplines
BIM - "a model-based technology linked with a database of project information" i.e. it relies on database technology as the foundation
Formal judgment by Minimum BIM Requirements in line with the Capability Maturity Model.
• Data Richness. • Lifecycle Views.• Change Management or ITIL Maturity Assessment.• Roles or Disciplines. • Business Process. • Timeliness/ Response. • Delivery Method. • Graphical Information. • Spatial Capability.• Information Accuracy. • Interoperability/IFC Support.
Minimum BIM (CMM)
3D object-oriented AEC-specific
Architect’s Plan View
3D View
3D View
Engineer’s Plan View
Difference between CAD and BIM
Traditional CAD 2D->3D Point, line, text (Singapore – not accepted as BIM submissions)
BIM 3D->2D,dim. detailsreduced
Grids, levels, wall, door, window, column, slab, stair, water pipe, ventilation duct, cable tray
Each component in the model is unique spatially – this forces the change of construction industry mindset on collaboration.
History of BIM
1975 2002 2005 2009 2013
Shanghai TowerCrossRail
Island East One
Water CubeBird’s Nest Stadium
Penn Water Plant
C Eastman Jerry LaserinGehryRevit
ArchiCADBentley Arch
RevitArchiCADAECOsim
2002 – Software development2005 – First batch of BIM software2009 – Mature BIM software2013 – Landmark BIM projects almost complete and being reviewed
Vectorwork
Terms to know
1. O-O : Object-oriented Analysis and Design (Booch) – it is a common computer programming technique. Object has attributes and actions. (Object=Model=Class)
2. IFC - Industry Foundation Class created by buildingSMART for data exchange of building components like DXF (Drawing eXchange Format) for CAD graphics
3. Level of Detail (UK) – LOD1/2/3/4/5. Details may be shown in 2D.
4. Level of Development (US) – LOD100/../500
3DVisualization
Clash Analysis
4DConstruction sequencing
Virtual Construction
(3D plus time element)
5DEstimating
(3D plus cost element)
6D?Forensic analysis
(3D plus analysis element)
7D?FacilityManagement
(3D plus O&M element)
5. BIM nD Terminology5. BIM nD Terminology
3D Modelling
3D Visualization
3D Co-ordination
3D Clash Analysis
Common Clashes
Underground Utilities
4D Walk Through
4D Virtual Construction
4D Scheduling
BIM Applications
BIM Applications
BIM Applications
BIM Applications
BIM Applications
BIM Applications
BIM Applications
BIM Applications
6. BIM Maturity Level (UK)
CAD, AssetIM, SIM, FIM, BSIM, BRIM, IDM, IFC, IFD, iBIM
6. Level 3 (True BIM) Imagine the BIM model is part of the tender
documents Specifications are attached to components All participants can have access to view
the model easily BIM model is no difference to 2D CAD
Drawings. Contractually, BIM (Level 3) = Drawings Challenge - BIM must be very accurate,
can avoid many discrepancies.
6. BIM Maturity Level 2, 2016
BIM includes Civil Engineering? Civil BIM or CIM?
Many people argue that ‘Building’ in BIM is a verb, not a structure for occupation, so BIM can apply to Civil Engineering.
Civil engineers have used 2.5D (MOSS) for 20 years. Command-based 3D representation existed long time ago, although not popular due to the use of powerful Mini computers.
Use of BIM since 2005
Some are BIM applicable. Some remains as 2.5D CADD.
0SECTION 2ENTITIES 0CIRCLE100AcDbCircle 1010.0 2010.0 300.0 405.0 0ENDSEC
DXF
#35695= IFCWALLSTANDARDCASE('3m7gqoql5CwOxOjcfPCj8n',#41,'Basic Wall:Generic - 100mm:225326',$,'Basic Wall:Generic - 100mm:207419',#35675,#35693,'225326');
#36094= IFCMATERIALLAYERSETUSAGE(#32453,.AXIS2.,.NEGATIVE.,100.);
#108019= IFCDOOR('2xAZkx1e14wgJwc653S37v',#41,'M_Single-Panel 1:0762 x 2032mm:280578',$,'0762 x 2032mm',#108017,#108010,'280578',2032.,761.999999999999);
IFC
CIM Deviations from BIM Definition
BIM Deviations
Building IFC for Building only No Infra IFC (LandXML) or Min. BIM Requirements
Industry specific objects – beam, column, door, wall
Generic graphics – line, text, point. Contour?
Information Emphasis equally on Spatial and Database Information
Strength in Spatial Information
Unique Model by Version Control
Less control on editing
Modelling 3D 2.5D e.g. contour lines
Parametric Model Irregular, cannot be represented parametrically
Solid Modelling Surface Modelling/Mesh
Software Object-based Command-based
IFC - Utilities
IFC - Utilities
Underground Utilities - Plan View
Underground Utilities - 3D View
One Drainage Network Model for All
Lollipop Model by C K Ng, 1998
Station/Process Plant
Road/Bridge
IFC - Infrastructure
IFC for bridge proposed by Sang-ho Lee, Yonsei U.
IFC – Road
Tunnel
Image extracted from PAS 1192:2-2013
IFC - Tunnel
Earthwork – XML/GML
3D BIM and 2.5D CADD Applications - CE
3D BIM 2.5D CADD
Utilities and related Process Plant, Station e.g. power station, treatment plant
Transportation e.g. Road surface, Tunnel bore (spatial information)
Structure itself, Earth Retaining, Marine, Bridge and Tunnel Structures (What is the purpose – spatial or non-spatial, construction or FM?)
Earthwork related - Slope, GI, Site Formation (spatial information)
Solid Modelling Surface Modelling
Vertical (Multi-level) Horizontal (Single level)
Database Information Spatial Information
Parametric Model Difficult to represent in parametric model
BIM Strategy
Scandinavian Countries,US (Army, Wisconsin, NYC)
Mandate BIM in public sector starting 2011
UK, Europe (not Southern Europe)
Mandate BIM in public sector before 2016 - Level 2
Singapore Mandate BIM in both public and private sectors in 2015
Hong Kong HAHong Kong Civil EnggHong Kong CIC
All BIM in 2014?Roadmap, Sep 2013
China 2011-2015 5-Year Plan BIM/PLM/…
Korea, Germany (and China)
Create own BIM software
Other Asian Countries Private sector initiation
2011-2015年建筑业信息化发展纲要关于印发《 2011-2015年建筑业信息化发展纲要》的通知 建质 [2011]67号
各省、自治区住房和城乡建设厅,直辖市建委(建交委),新疆生产建设兵团建设局,中央管理的有关企业: 现将《 2011-2015 年建筑业信息化发展纲要》印发给你们,请结合实际贯彻执行。执行中有何问题和建议 , 请及时告我部工程质量安全监管司。 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部 二〇一一年五月十日 “ ”十二五 期间,基本实现建筑企业信息系统的普及应用,加快建筑信息模型( BIM)、基于网络的协同工作等新技术在工程中的应用,推动信息化标准建设,促进具有自主知识产权软件的产业化,形成一批信息技术应用达到国际先进水平的建筑企业。 ( 2 )应用系统 ①设计与施工集成系统 (Integrated Design and Construction System)。 ②工程项目管理系统 (Engineering Project Management System)。 ③项目文档管理系统 (Project Document Management System)。 ④材料与采购管理系统 (Material Order Management System)。 ⑤企业运营管理系统 (Enterprise Operation Management System)。 ⑥ 综合管理系统 (Integrated Management System)。 ⑦辅助决策系统 (Decision Support System)。 ⑧知识管理系统与智能企业门户 (Knowledge Management System)。 2 、勘察设计类企业
What is the common element?
Database/IT Systems
PDFDOC
XLSJPG
MPG
Data
Database
Apps
Hydraulic/ Structure /
Road AlignmentDMSBIM
Site Records System
Material order, delivery
Sys
BIM Deliverables
Supervision Plan
Design CAD File
Submittal Register
Specification
Product Data
Installation Manual
Warranty
Spare
Test
Certification
Design Build Operate
PC/Notebook
Tablet
SmartphoneDevices
Phases
Lessons Learnt from New Civil Engineer
• UK Strategic Paper - 03.2011• BIM is the word – 12.2011(UK)• Crossrail Case Study – 03.2012• BIM Special – 03.2012• BIM for Contractor – 04.2013• Port Mann Highway, Canada – 06.2013
• Essentially the UK Government has embarked with industry on a four year programme for sector modernisation with the key objective of: reducing capital cost and the carbon burden from the construction and operation of the built environment by 20%.
• 'It was found that whilst major clients such as BAA and HA (Highways Authority) expect a comprehensive handover, in general Civils/Infrastructure (C/I) handover is done to a far lower standard, if at all. Evidence for this weakness is provided by the high amount of re-surveying and re-inspection that is undertaken after handover. … Ironically once data is collected infrastructure owners often tend to make far more effective use of the information than building operators.'
UK Strategic Paper 3.2011
Bim is the word 12.2011
• Revit, Bentley Architecture (AECOsim), ArchiCAD
• Inroads/Openroad, Autodesk Civil 3D• Object based, Laser point cloud• 'Level 3 – no longer 3d design but a set of
fully parametric self-aware data objects.'• 'Handing over an electronic user-manual -
a massive saving at commissioning stage.'• 'To pull in a roundabout from a pallet'
CrossRail 03.2012
• Crossrail CEO 'We are looking for a single BIM model that connects the data set from start to end. As an industry we are not very good at this – we break that line up in many parts. The as-designed versus the as-built versus the as-maintained tends to be on different platforms and I am going to ask our technology partners …‘
• … The second priority was to ensure that BIM is adopted right through the project all the way to operation and maintenance.
BIM Special – 03.2012• BIM is not a silver bullet to cure the world's
ills, but it does bring about key characteristics that will make us think and behave in different ways.
• From the availability to reuse rather than waste data throughout the asset lifecycle, from designers, manufacturers, contractors, … bringing the industry around the single BIM model and its rich data set.
BIM for Contractor 04.2013
• A BIM steering committee of a contractor was set up to identify the information flows and processes that go on in the company.
• BIM means empowering speedy, accurate and informed decision making and then delivering efficiencies by virtually verifying the buildability and functionality.
• There is a culture change that has to go on. (The first BIM project in HK was initiated by contractor in 2005)
Port Mann Hwy, Canada 06.2013
• The consultant created a single integrated model of the entire 37km transport corridor, incorporating grading, layout, geometry and alignment.
• Existing infrastructure such as drainage culverts, power lines and sewers were also modelled, and later on, junction box, street lamps and minor drainage elements.
• Some judgment is required on what level of detail is appropriate for each element.
The Culture is Changing 12.2013by Topcon Positioning Group
• If you went to US or Germany, there is no manor earthmoving project going on without machine control.
• In US, contractors are very aggressive. If they see a technology that allows them to do a job faster they will go to the local government and try to get the rules changed to allow them to use that technology
• The inherent reluctance of UK contractors to share their ideas for fear of being copied. Europe is more conservative, and Asia also.
Advantages of Using BIM
• Less dimension details• Complex geometry• Easy to understand the scope of works• Models have intelligence – drainage /
watermain networks have connectivity info• Good for presentation• Less VO
BIM – Less Variation Orders
Some Statistics
7% reduction of project time Eliminate 40% unbudgeted changes Save 10% cost due to clashes Estimate accuracy 3% closer Estimation 80% faster
Contract Documents
Earliest contract doucments 2008 by• ConsensusDOCS LLC• AIA• AEC(UK)
Recent (2013) :• Singapore Particular Conditions• UK CIC BIM Protocol (well accepted by
Insurance Industry)
Coverage:•Risk Allocation•Intellectual Property
Definition:•Model, LOD•BIM/Information Manager•BIM Execution Plan
Contractual Issue
Contract Documents
Singapore ConsensusDOCS 301 UK CIC
Particular Conditions ConsensusDOCS 301- Addendum
BIM ProtocolRole of Information Management
BIM Execution PlanBIM Guides
Affiliated Contract PAS 1192:2
Definitions
Singapore ConsensusDOCS301
UK CIC BIM Protocol
ModelFull Design ModelModel Elements
Design ModelConstruction ModelFederated Model
Project Team ModelFederated Model
Level of Details Level of Development
Level of Details
Content in Doc
Singapore ConsensusDOCS 301 UK CIC BIM Protocol
DefinitionPrinciplesBIM ManagementBIM Execution PlanRisk AllocationIntellectual Property
PrinciplesDefinitionInfo ManagementBIM Execution PlanRisk AllocationIntellectual Property
IntroductionPrinciplesObjectiveIncorporation into contractsPermitted purposesTreatment of IPElectronic Data ExchangeDef. Of ModelChange ManagementLiability of ModelInfo ManagementModel Production and Delivery Table
Intellectual Property
Singapore ConsensusDOCS 301 UK CIC BIM Protocol
Model Author Contributor concept Permitted purposeconcept
Roles and Responsibility of BIM/Information Staff
Singapore ConsensusDOCS 301 UK CIC BIM Protocol
BIM ManagerBIM Co-ordinator
InformationManagement
Information ManagerEmployer'sInformationRequirement
Sample BEP provided No specific BEP Model Production andDelivery Table
HK Contractual ArrangementsClient H Client M
Design Model No Design Model, Ctr create model
Provided to ctr, no liability (Singapore – for reference only)
Not provided to ctr, no liability
Not contractually binding Not contractually binding
3D Clash detection and resolution Clash detection and resolution
4D shows sequencing and constructability
Some activities
4D shows safety Some activities
4D shows scheduling Some activities
Encourage collaboration and treat as a deliverable
As a deliverable
As-built model requires approval, catalog, testing, maintenance manual and warranty for everything
Requires brand, model, power and capacity of equipment
BIM Standards, User Guides, Library Component
Supplement to CADD Manual
HK Contractual Arrangements (Cont’d)
Client H Client M
4D shows scheduling Some activities
Encourage collaboration and treat as a deliverable
As a deliverable
As-built model requires approval, catalog, testing, maintenance manual and warranty for everything
Requires brand, model, power and capacity of equipment
BIM Standards, User Guides, Library Component
Supplement to CADD Manual
Considerations
• Maturity of Software – Rebar• QTO is another headache• Cost of Software (SME)• Human Resources of BIM
– BIM Manager– BIM Leader/Co-ordinator
• Are counterparts using BIM?
Considerations
• BIM won’t be alone– Think electronically– BIM-centred workflow– Other systems : ERP, DMS, PLM, DSS
• Collaboration– Think collaboration, NOT confrontation
• BIM Professionals vs BIM Technicians– Communication between professionals thro’ BIM co-
ordinators– Direct decision making by professionals with BIM skill– All Arch graduates know BIM– How many Engineers know BIM?
• Resources– BIM operators or professionals
• Contract– DB contract common in building and US– DBB contract common for civil engineering
• Quantity Take Off– Direct from models not ready
• Failure– Legal issues– Design issues – frequent changes
Considerations
Actions• Don’t just watch, start using it. (Shanghai Tower)• Take a hands-on BIM course• Train your staff• 3D CE Software requires longer learning curve• Big Data - the Biggest thing is Data• If you want to implement BIM,• decide what data you need during O&M• design model = as-built model (permanent doc)
• If you are using BIM for your project,• hire a system analyst to review your workflow (IDM)• hire good database (and web) programmers
• During construction, BIM is active, Data is passive• During maintenance, BIM is passive, Data is active
BIM Education/Training
• Add BIM training to the curriculum• Encourage use of BIM for projects (e.g. Singapore on
industry incentives)• Develop engineering analysis on a BIM system• Increase funding for research on Civil BIM (e.g. Korea,
Japan and Germany on IFC/BIM; Leading countries on BIM Process)
• Double degree in CE & Law• Why no double degree in CE & IT?• Top up degree in IT• IT has a wide range, CE wants DB design, web
programme
Must Read• Singapore BIM Particular Conditions Version 1
or 2 + BIM Guides• ConcensusDOCS 301• BIM Protocol, CIC UK• BIM Guide, NYC• HKHA – Design/User Guide, Standards, • AEC(UK) BIM Standard/Protocol• ‘Issues and Implementation Methods for BIM in
the Civil Infrastructure Domain’ by Nobuyoshi Yabuki, Japan Osaka University. Hong Kong Conference 2010
End
BIM Implementation in Civil Infra Domainby N Yabuki, Osaka U, Japan 2010
No official standards for representing 3D infra models Lack of IT knowledge among civil engineers Lack of research (and funds) on BIM for infra Conservativeness of those in public construction domain Public owners will not adopt BIM until standard effective Mindset Slow development of BIM tools for infra domain Lack of IT research in civil engineering Lack of communication bet civil engineers and IT
specialists Shift from DBB to DB Government support
HK CIC Draft BIM RoadmapWhat is BIM?
BIM - management, not drawing, toolsBIM – parametric, intelligent, uniqueHK – Technical->Business->MarketB.I. Modelling or ManagementBIM model is a permanent documentHK – Standard + Promotion + Training16 recommended initiatives in 9 areas
Current BIM Implementation
HK is lagging behind, in fact, extremeSome advanced and innovativeJeopardize competitive edge of HK firmsFast mover, follower and observerAll at a sudden – more BIM adoptionsPrivate developer - money justifies itself
Global trend
Can we ignore the move to BIM?See global trend – 2002/2005/2009/2013?Uniqueness forces collaboration, mindset changedLoss of competitive edge without BIM skillBD follows Singapore – eSubmissions
Elements of Success in BIM
Most important driving force – ClientsSecond, top managementMindset changedRe-assign roles and responsibilitySome posts fear of loss of valueBIM model is a permanent document
Leading Practice Countries
Characteristics of Leading Practice CountriesEstablishment of StandardsHigh rate of adoptionIncreased automation with ITIncreased performance
Others
Shared BIM StandardsEducation programmesFrom Visualization to AutomationSet higher target of performanceClear Govt policy > free market approachLocalization / customizationRoles of BIM Manager
More Slides for IFC
IFC - Tunnel
IFC - Infrastructure
IFC for bridge proposed by Sang-ho Lee, Yonsei U.
IFC – Road
Road – XML/GML
More Slides for UU
Example of Underground Utilities (Pressure)
Example of UU (Cable)
Example of Underground Utilities (Drain)