16/11/2012Struv Geodetic Arc & its Future 1

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Group Members:-• ASAD ULLAH MALIK 16

• HESHAM AHMED 34

• ARSLAAN KHALID 12

• HASAN BALOCH 31

• AAKIF SAEED 01

• FARHAN JALIL 24

• FARRUKH AZIZ 25

• ASAD RAZA 15

OBJECTIVE

MOISTURE CONTENT

OVEN DRY METHOD

SIGNIFICANCE

STANDARD USED

TEST SPECIMEN

APPARATUS

PROCEDURE

CALCULATIONS

PRECAUTIONS

SPEEDY MOISTURE

METHOD

STANDARD

APPARATUS

PROCEDURE

CHEMICAL REACTION

CALCULATIONS

COMPARISON

OVERVIEW

OBJECTIVE

Laboratory determination of the moisture content

by mass of soil, rock, and similar materials.

Moisture content:

The ratio of the Weight of Water(Ww) to Weight of

Solids(Ws) expressed as percentage [%].

METHODS

OVEN DRY METHOD

SPEEDY MOISTURE

OVEN DRY SIGNIFICANCE• The water content is one of the most significant index properties

used in establishing a correlation between soil behavior and its index properties.

• Water content of a material is used in expressing the phase relationships of air, water, and solids in a given volume of material.

• In fine-grained (cohesive) soils, the consistency of a given soil type depends on its water content.

STANDARD USED:

ASTM D 2216-10

CATEGORIESThe standards produced by ASTM International fall into SIX categories:

1) STANDARD SPECIFICATION, that defines the requirements to be satisfied by subject of the

standard.

2) STANDARD TEST METHOD, that defines the way a test is performed and the precision of the

result. The result of the test may be used to assess compliance with a Standard Specification.

3) STANDARD PRACTICE, that defines a sequence of operations that, unlike a Standard Test

Method, does not produce a result.

4) STANDARD GUIDE, that provides an organized collection of information or series of options

that does not recommend a specific course of action.

5) STANDARD CLASSIFICATION, that provides an arrangement or division of materials, products,

systems, or services into groups based on similar characteristics such as origin, composition,

properties, or use.

6) TERMINOLOGY STANDARD, that provides agreed definitions of terms used in the other

standards.

TEST SPECIMEN

SELECTION:

1. Test specimen=portion of a larger amount; REPRESENTATIVE of the water condition

of the entire amount of material.

2. For DISTURBED SAMPLES such as

trimmings, bag samples, etc

• If the material is such that it can be

manipulated and handled without

significant moisture loss and

segregation (separation), the material

should be mixed thoroughly. Select a

representative portion using a scoop.

If the material is such that it cannot be thoroughly

mixed, form a stockpile of the material, mixing as

much as possible. Take at least 5 portions of

material at random locations using a scoop and

then mix them. If the material or conditions are such

that a stockpile cannot be formed, take as many

portions of the material as possible, using random

locations that will best represent the moisture

condition. Combine all the portions for the test

specimen

MAX SIZE OF SOIL

PARTICLE

MIN MASS OF WET

SOIL

No. 40 sieve ( 425 mili-

micron)10-50 gm

No. 4 sieve (4.75 mm) 100 gm

12.5 mm (1/2 in) 300 gm

25 mm (1 in) 500 gm

50 mm (2in) 1000 gm

APPARATUS:-

Empty clean container

Moist Sample

Drying Oven

Balance accurate to 0.01 g

SAMPLE:-

Keep the samples that are stored prior to testing in non-

corrodible airtight containers at a temperature between

approximately 3 and 30°C and in an area that prevents

direct contact with sunlight.

PROCEDUR

E

EMPTY

CLEAN

CONTAINE

RWEIGHT OF

CONTAINER (W3)

ELECTRI

C

BALANC

E

PROCEDUR

E

CONTAINER

WEIGHT OF

CONTAINER +

MOIST SOIL (W1)

ELECTRI

C

BALANC

E

MOIST

SOIL

PROCEDUR

E

CONTAINER

110OC±5O

C

OVEN

WET

SOIL

FOR 24 HOURS

PROCEDU

RE

CONTAINER

WEIGHT OF

CONTAINER +DRY

SOIL (W2)

ELECTRI

C

BALANC

E

DRY

SOIL

AFTER 24 HOURS

CALCULATIONSw =[(Mcws –Mcs)/(Mcs –Mc )] x 100= (Mw/Ms )x 100

where:

w = water content %

Mcws = mass of container and moist specimen (g)

Mcs = mass of container and oven dry specimen (g)

Mc = mass of container (g)

Mw = mass of water (Mw = Mcws − Mcds) ( g)

Ms = mass of solid particles (Ms = Mcds − Mc) (g)

SOIL MECHANICS-I GROUP EXCELL CALCULATIONS-

PRACTICAL 1A & 1B.xlsx

Analytical balances are

delicate equipment and

should be handled with care.

Check balance is level and

avoid dust.

Drying ovens present a burn

hazard. Use gloves or tongs

before handling things from

drying ovens.

APPARATUS• Speedy moisture

tester

• Steel ball of 1.25 inch diameter

• Brush for cleaning the tester

• Scoop for measuring Calcium Carbide reagent

STANDARDS

ASTM C566-97

PROCEDURE:-

Q. WHAT’S ACTUALLY

HAPPENING INSIDE

THE CALCIUM

CARBIDE MOISTURE

TESTER?

CHEMICAL REACTION:-

Chemical Reaction taking place inside tester;

CaC2 + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + C2H2

CALCULATIO

N

M.C.= (DR*100)/(100-DR)

COMPARISONOVEN DRY METHOD SPEEDY MOISTURE TEST

More time consuming but more

accurate.

Less time consuming but less

accurate.

Moisture content measured is

more due to time duration.

Moisture content measured is

less due to time duration.

Can even measure moisture

content of samples having high

moisture values.

Can’t measure values of samples

whose moisture content exceeds

the limit on the pressure gauge.

There is no such need to repeat

the experiment.

The lumps need to be broken

otherwise experiment must be

performed again.

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