Mechanical department

Class :m11 Semester : I

GUIDED BY :

bhavesh makwana Enrollment no: 140500119052Mech11

topic :Water Resources

Introduction.

About Water resources.

Division of water resources.

Source of Water resources.

Uses of Water.

This is virtual booklet of water resources is going to be about how people use water, how we would have to take care of it and many things that with this booklet you should learn. Also with this booklet you should learn how to not waste the water and enjoy you to practice it to save this beautiful world.

Are sources of water and they are useful from the humans and animals.Water resources is important on Earth and without it we can’t do many things or satisfied our needs.We would have to take care of the water because in few years there's not going to be enough water for us.Water is a renewable natural resources also like air and soil.

Fresh water is renewable resources like soil and air. The worlds is supplied by clean and fresh water and itis decreasing. Water is one of our most critical resources, but around the world it is under threat.

Water demand already exceeds supply in many parts of the world and as the world population continues to rise, so too does the water demand.

Are sources of water that are useful to humans.Uses of water include agricultural,industrial, household, recreational and environmental activities. Virtually all of these human uses require fresh water.

Division of Water resources:

Water resources are divisible into two distinct categories : the surface-water resources and the ground-water resources. Each of these categories is a part of the earth's water circulatory system, called the hydrologic cycle, and is derived from precipitation, which is rainfall plus snow.

Surface water:Surface water is water in a river, lake or fresh water wetland. Surface

water is naturally replenished by precipitation and naturally lost through discharge to the oceans, evaporation, and sub-surface

seepage.

Ground Water:

Sub-surface water, or groundwater, is fresh water located in the pore space of soil and rocks. It is also water that is flowing within aquifers below the water table.

Desalination:

Desalination is an artificial process by which saline water (generally sea water) is converted to fresh water.

Frozen Water:Several schemes have been proposed to make use of icebergs as a water source, however to date this has only been done for novelty purposes. Glacier runoff is considered to be surface water.

Agricultural: It is estimated that 69% of worldwide water use is for irrigation, with 15-35% of irrigation withdrawals being unsustainable. Aquaculture is a small but growing agricultural use of water.

Industrial: It is estimated that 15% of worldwide water use is industrial. The distribution of industrial water usage that is varies widely, but as a whole is lower than agricultural use.

Water

Management HarvestingConservation

Multi purpouse

River project

Reducing

wastage of

water

Rain water

harvesting

• Rain Water Harvesting (RWH)- It is a process of

collecting, conveying & storing water from rainfall in

an area – for beneficial use.

• Storage is done in tanks, reservoirs, underground

storage- groundwater

• It is neither energy-intensive nor labour-intensive

• RWH - yield sufficient amounts of water. For an

average rainfall of 1,000mm, approximately four million

litres of rainwater can be collected in a year in an acre

of land (4,047 m2), post-evaporation.

Rain Water Harvesting

1.Provides self-sufficiency to water supply.

2.Reduces the cost for pumping of ground water.

3.Provides high quality water, soft and low in minerals.

4.Improves the quality of ground water through dilution

when recharged.

What you can do to conserve water? Use only as much water as you require. Close the

taps well after use. While brushing or other use, do not leave the tap running, open it only when you require it. See that there are no leaking taps.

Use a washing machine that does not consume too much water. Do not leave the taps running while washing dishes and clothes.

Install small shower heads to reduce the flow of the

water. Water in which the vegetables & fruits have been

washed - use to water the flowers & plants.

At the end of the day if you have water left in your water

bottle do not throw it away, pour it over some plants.

Re-use water as much as possible

Change in attitude & habits for water

conservation

Every drop counts!!!

5. Reduces soil erosion & flooding in urban areas.

6.The rooftop rain water harvesting is less expensive &

easy to construct, operate and maintain.

7. In desert, RWH is the only relief.

8. In saline or coastal areas & Islands, rain water provides

good quality water.