DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

ER.PERUMAL MANIMEKALAI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING.

AIM

Our team aim is to invent the

unmanned aerial vehicle which can

survey both the land and the water .

And which is very much useful to the

defence purpose.

Here the uav’s

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), known as a drone, is an aircraft without a human pilot.

Drone stands for Dynamic Remotely Operated Navigation Equipment

Its flight is either controlled autonomously by computers or under the remote control of a pilot on the ground

INTRODUCTION

Unmanned AircraftTransportable

Ground control SystemCockpit

UAV’S A SYSTEM

COMMUNICATIONS:-

Operates on ultra high frequency

Communicates with ku-band system

Operates with uplink frequencies from 15.15 to 15.35 GHz

and downlink frequency 14.40 GHz to 14.83 GHz

NAVIGATION:-

Avionics use satellite based system such as GPS and

WAAS

It calculates position automatically

SUB-SYSTEM OF UAV’S

MONITORING:-

Includes GPS system

High resolution video camera

Super high resolution still camera

COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM:-

Use traffic and collision system

Smaller aircraft use simple traffic alerting system

Aircraft use ground proximity warning system

WEATHER SYSTEM:-

Use weather radar and lighting detector system

SENSORS

Primarily oceanographic tools, AUVs carry sensors

to navigate autonomously and map features of the

ocean.

Typical sensors include compasses, depth sensors,

sidescan and other sonars, magnetometers,

thermistors and conductivity probes. A

demonstration at Monterey Bay in California in

September 2006 showed that a 21-inch (530 mm)

diameter AUV can tow a 400 feet (120 m) long

hydrophone array while maintaining a 6-knot

(11 km/h) cruising speed.

POWER SOURCE

Most AUVs in use today are powered by rechargeable

batteries (lithium ion, lithium polymer, nickel metal

hydride etc.), and are implemented with some form of

Battery Management System.

Some vehicles use primary batteries which provide

perhaps twice the endurance—at a substantial extra cost

per mission. A few of the larger vehicles are powered by

aluminum based semi-fuel cells, but these require

substantial maintenance, require expensive refills and

produce waste product that must be handled safely.

An emerging trend is to combine different battery and

power systems with supercapacitors.

Remotely piloted vehicles will never fully replace manned aircraft

They can perform an increasingly sophisticated array of missions due to their small size and decreased radar.

To wholly replace man would be expensive and technically risky.

UAS should be only considered for certain types of missions for which it can be a cost effective

With a continuing trend of miniaturization in electronics, the UAV can be made much smaller and cheaper

Size largely determined by the size of the payload,

UAV vs. Manned Aircraft

In counter terrorism activity:

In commercial aerial surveillance

In oil, gas and mineral exploration & production:

In transport

In scientific research

In armed attacks:

In search & rescue:

Sea water testing and finding odours in the sea

Finding fish species in the sea.

Finding deep mine into the sea.

Rescue operation in the sea.

Does not contain, or need, a qualified pilot on board

Can enter environments that are dangerous to

human life

Reduces the exposure risk of the aircraft operator

Performing visual or thermal imaging of a region

Measuring cell phone, radio, or, TV coverage over

any terrain

Can be programmed to complete the mission

autonomously even when contact with its GCS is

lost

ADVANTAGES

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are an exciting field inthe world of aviation, with new discoveries. Overthe next 16 years, UAVs will become a significantcomponent of military, civil, and perhaps evencommercial aviation.

However, the very dynamic nature of the field alsocreates a significant amount of uncertainty. Thewide range of UAV physical and performancecharacteristics, many of which will be very unlikeany current aircraft, will place additionalchallenges on an air traffic management system.

CONCLUSION