Unit 2

05/03/2023 ABHISHEK SRIVASTAVA(CSE)JIT

Network Infrastructure

for E-CommerceUNIT-II


• Electronic commerce is an emerging concept that describes the process of buying and selling or exchanging of products, services and information via, Tele- communication and computer networks including the internet.

• Electronic commerce needs a network infrastructure to transport the content- data, audio, visual, text, animation and so on. This network infrastructure is provided by what is known as the I-way or information super highway.

ELECTRONIC COMMERCE


COURSE OUTLINE• Introduction to information superhighway,• Components of the I-way,• Internet as network infrastructure, TCP/IP Protocol suite,

Intranet, Extranet etc• Software agents (static and dynamic),• Broadband technologies (xDSL, Wi-Fi, WAN).


INTRODUCTION TO I-WAY• The I-way has emerged as the basic network infrastructure for all types of E-

commerce activities due to its capability to provide integrated voice ,data and video services . I-way has changed the way business advertises, market or sell their products and services. This paper highlights the network infrastructure in E-Commerce.• A physical network, an infrastructure of modern high-speed links links

everyone at home or office to everything else in practicality it is identical to internet provided -connections are broadband -they are continuously running as internet develops into I-way, changes will take place in infrastructure not in internet


INTERNET AND INTRANET BASED E-COMMERCE- ISSUES,

Internet• This is the world-wide network of computers accessible to anyone who

knows their Internet Protocol (IP) address - the IP address is a unique set of numbers (such as 209.33.27.100) that defines the computer's location.

Intranet• This is a network that is not available to the world outside of the Intranet.

If the Intranet network is connected to the Internet, the Intranet will reside behind a firewall and, if it allows access from the Internet, will be an Extranet. The firewall helps to control access between the Intranet and Internet to permit access to the Intranet only to people who are members of the same company or organization.


EXTRANET• An Extranet is actually an Intranet that is partially accessible to authorized

outsiders. The actual server (the computer that serves up the web pages) will reside behind a firewall. The firewall helps to control access between the Intranet and Internet permitting access to the Intranet only to people who are suitably authorized.

EXTRANET:• An extranet is a private network that uses Internet protocols and the public

telecommunication system to securely share part of a business's information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses.• An extranet can be viewed as part of a company's Intranet that is extended

to users outside the company.• The same benefits that Web technologies have brought to corporate

Intranets are now starting to accelerate business between businesses.


• Extranets can be used to exchange large volumes of data, share product catalogues, share news with trading partners, collaborate with other companies on joint development efforts, jointly develop and share training programs with other companies, provide or access applications between companies, and much more.

• It may sound like a technology for geeks only. But many people use extranets every day without realizing it--to track packaged goods, order products from their suppliers or access customer assistance from other companies.

• An extranet is a mechanism based on Internet and Web technology for communicating both privately and selectively with your customers and business partners.

Contd…


USES OF EXTRANET:• When done correctly, extranets provide a safe way to allow transactional

business-to-business activities and can save your company some serious time and money.

• The automotive industry uses extranets to cut down on its redundant ordering processes and keep suppliers up to date on parts and design changes, allowing quicker response times to suppliers' problems and questions.

• Suppliers can receive proposals, submit bids, provide documents, even collect payments through an extranet site.

• An extranet has restricted (password-protected) access, so it may be connected directly to each party's internal systems.


DISADVANTAGES:• The benefits of extranets, such as reduced time to market and cost of doing

business, and faster access to partner information, may be outweighed by the costs-security, Web servers and development, legacy systems integration, ongoing support and maintenance.• Extranets require a large amount of IS time and energy, much more than what

it takes to get an intranet or Web site up and running, which may place it at the bottom of the IS group's to-do list.

CONCLUSION:• A mix of each is most likely, Connect to partners, suppliers, customers in the

best way that supports your specific business model. "extranet" is helpful conversationally when considering giving external parties access to enterprise systems. The term should engender a deeper level of consideration and concern regarding maintaining security and managing external relationships.


E-COMMERCE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECT• Large resource requirement.

• Alliance between communication, entertainment, and information sectors.

• Alliance to reduce risks, spread costs and acquire costly expertise in different area instantly.


COMPONENTS OF I-WAY• NETWORK ACCESS EQUIPMENT• hardware and software vendors: who provide• set-top boxes• computers• switches, hubs, routers• software platforms such as browser operating systems


COMPONENTS OF I-WAYLOCAL ON-RAMPS• wiring linking homes with backbone• requirement of huge investment• also known as “last mile”• divided into four categories:• telecom based infrastructure• cable tv-based infrastructure• wireless infrastructure• commercial online infrastructure


MOBILE COMMERCE - INTRODUCTION• Mobile commerce (also known as mobile ecommerce, m-commerce and

other variations) consists of two primary components. The first is the ability to use a wireless phone or other mobile device to conduct financial transactions and exchange payments over the Internet. • The second is the ability to deliver information that can facilitate a

transaction -- from making it easy for your business to be "found" via a mobile Web browser to creating mobile marketing campaigns such as text promotions and loyalty programs.


WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MOBILE COMMERCE?The advantage of m-commerce is:• 1- Providing wider reach.• 2- Reducing transaction cost• 3- Streamline business processes.• 4- Competitive pricing.• 5- Reducing time to order.The disadvantages of m-commerce• 1- Small screens of most devices still limit types of file and data transfer (i.e. streaming videos,

etc.)• 2- Standards guiding applications and technology development and connection(s)• 3- WAP and SMS limited to small number of characters and text.


• 4- Use of graphics limited• 5- Less functionality for mobile Internet over mobile phones and existing generation of

handhelds than for mobile computers (laptops and next generation handhelds)• 6- User interface is often difficult to learn how to use• 7- Limited bandwidth• 8- Limited roll out of higher bandwidth mobile networks and devices (i.e. 3g networks

and wireless broadband networks are predominantly located in cities)• 9- Cost of establishing mobile and wireless broadband infrastructure• 10- Technology constraints of mobile devices (memory, processing power, display

capabilities, input methods)• 11- Security of data moved across some mobile and wireless networks• 12- Businesses investment in hardware and infrastructure is seen as riskier as rapid

evolution of mobile and wireless technologies continues.

Contd…


WORLD WIDE WEB• Motivation: Developing a global distributed hypermedia system.• Started 1989 by a research paper issued by Tim Berners-Lee who worked

at the CERN.• 1993: First usable browser (MOSAIC) issued.• 1994: Foundation of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).– W3C then

started developing HTML, HTTP and Style Sheets.


HUBS AND SWITCHESSwitch is a device in networks that filters and forwards packets between Local Area Network (LAN)

segments. Switches operate at the data link layer and sometimes that network layer of the Open system Interconnection (OSI) reference model and therefore support any packet protocol. LANs that use switches to join segments are called switched LANs or in the case of Ethernet networks , switched Ethernet LANs. A special type of network device called the hub can be found in many small business networks. In computer networking, hub is a small, simple, inexpensive device that joins multiple computers together.

3. GATEWAYSA node in a network that serves as an entrance to another net Web pages. In homes, the gateway is the ISP

that connects the user and fire wall. The gateway is also associated with both a router which use headers and forwarding tables to determine where packets are sent and a switch which provides the actual path for the packet in an out of the gateway. Gateways are also called as protocol converters and can operate at any layer. The job of gateway is any more complex than that of a router or switch.


MOBILE DEVICES…..• Introduction

• The History of Mobile Devices

• Types of Mobile Devices

• Types of Mobile Operating Systems

• The Future of Mobile Devices


INTRODUCTION

• Mobile Device?

• A pocket-sized computing device, typically having a display screen

with touch input or a miniature keyboard.


HISTORY

• It can be said that the mobile devices was born at the same time

the radio communication had been invented.

• The development of mobile devices starts from the 1920's,

there are five stages.


STAGE ONE • 1920's-1940's

• Based on several wave bands of shortwave, the private mobile communication system

had been invented.

• The Detroit police car radio system is the representative one.

• The frequency of this system is 2MHz at that time. In the 1940's the frequency had been

risen to 30~40MHz.

• It is considered as the beginning of the modern mobile service.


STAGE TWO• 1940's-1960's

• The public mobile service came out.

• 1946 According to the plan of Federal Communications

Commission(FCC) the Bell system established the first public

car phone net in St.Louis.

• There was three channles in that time, the mode was simplex.


STAGE THREE• 1960's-1970's

• America improved the mobile telephony system(1MTS)

• This period complete :• • automatic channel choose• automatic dialing to the net


STAGE FOUR• 1970's-1980's( the peak time)

• The Bell Labs successfully developed the advanced mobile phone system(AMPS)

• The cellular network built up, improved the capacity of the system.

• The cellular network becames the utility system, used in the worldwide.


STAGE FOUR

• Achivements in this stage:

microelectronic technique got a significant development which

made the probability of miniaturization mobile devices be true.

The new system of mobile communication----cellular network

provide the technique for the manage and control of the large

size net


STAGE FIVE

• 1980's-

• The Digital Mobile Communication System(DMCS) gets developed

and mature in this period.

• AMPS & TACS stand for the Cellular Networks →analog systemⅠ


TYPES OF MOBILE DEVICES

• Mobile Computers• Notebook PC, Mobile PC…

• Handheld Game Consoles

• Media Recorders• Digital Camera, Digital Video Camera…


Contd…

• Media Players/Displayers

E-book Reader…

• Communication Devices

Mobile Phone, Pager…

• Personal Navigation Devices


DIFFERENT SIZES & TYPES OF MOBILE• Computer size

• Micro computer

• Mobile

• Information appliance

• Calculators


MICRO COMPUTER• Personal computer - is any general-purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and

original sales price make it useful for individuals

• Home SFF(net top) - designed to minimize the spatial volume of a desktop computer.

• Portable computer - designed to be moved from one place to another and includes a display and keyboard.

• Arcade system board - created for the purpose of running video arcade games.

• Video game console - is an interactive entertainment computer or modified computer system


MOBILE• Laptop - is a personal computer designed for mobile use.

• Desktop replacement computer - provides most of the capabilities of a desktop computer, with a similar level of performance.

• Subnotebook(net book , smart book) - designed and marketed with an emphasis on portability.

• Tablet computer - calculator watch, wristop, virtual rentinal display, head-mounted display.


INFORMATION APPLIANCE• PDA (palm size PC, handheld PC, pocket computer) - also known as a palmtop

computer.• Mobile phone (smart phone, feature phone) - A mobile phone (also called mobile, cellular

telephone, or cell phone) is an electronic device used to make mobile telephone calls across a wide geographic area.

• PMP - A portable media player.• DAP - A digital audio player.• E-book reader - designed primarily for the purpose of reading digital books and

periodicals.• Handheld game console - allowing people to carry them and play them at any time or

place.


CALCULATORS

• Scientific - designed to calculate problems in science (especially physics), engineering, and mathematics.

• programmable - calculators capable of being programmed much like a computer.

• Graphing - capable of plotting graphs, solving simultaneous equations, and performing numerous other tasks with variables.


MOBILE OPERATING SYSTEM…..

• A mobile operating system, also known as a mobile OS, a mobile platform, or a handheld operating system, is the operating system that controls a mobile device or information appliance


ANDROID …… 25.5% Market Share Sales Q3 2010

Android is an open source, Linux-derived platform backed by Google along with major hardware and software developers (such as Intel, HTC, ARM, Samsung, Motorola and eBay

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Android_robot.svg


FUTURE

• The mobile devices plays an indispensable role in nowaday's life,

meanwhile this field is still rapidly developing. More app is going

to be added into.

• In 2004 July 16, Japanese telephone company NTT DoCoMo

announced the P605iC phone which carried the FeliCa soft. This

phone opened the curtain of No Cards Generation.


Engineering

Unit 2