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Advanced Computer Networks
UNIT I
1. Types of Networks
2. Network Design Issues
3. Design Tools
-Surabhi R. Gosavi
What does Computer Network mean?
A computer network is a group of computer
systems and other computing hardware devices
that are linked together through communication
channels to facilitate communication and
resource-sharing among a wide range of users.
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Types of Networks
Networks are commonly categorized based on
their characteristics:
Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Personal Area Network (PAN)
Campus Area Network (CAN)
Home Area Network (HAN)
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Local area network (LAN) : connects computers
and devices in a limited geographical area such as
a home, school or office building
wide area network (WAN) : covers a large
geographic area such as a city, country, or spans
Metropolitan area network (MAN) : is a large
computer network that usually spans a city or a
large campus
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A personal area network (PAN) is a computer
network used for communication among computer
and different information technological devices
close to one person. Some examples of devices
that are used in a PAN are personal computers,
printers, fax machines & telephones.
A campus area network (CAN) is made up of an
interconnection of LANs within a limited
geographical area.
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A home area network (HAN) is a residential LAN
used for communication between digital devices
typically deployed in the home, usually a small
number of personal computers and accessories,
such as printers and mobile computing devices.
A storage area network (SAN) is a dedicated
network that provides access to consolidated,
block level data storage & used to make storage
devices, such as disk arrays and tape libraries.
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Network Design Issues
1. Data Transfer Rules- The protocol used mustdetermine the number of channels needed andthe priorities to be used. This is based on the modeof communication (simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex)
2. The protocol that the layers use must be able tocorrect the sequence of the packets received if theyare not in correct order.
3. Another major issue is the maximum size of datathat can be sent and received at one go. This leadsto the need for segmentation at the sending end andre assembly at the receiving end.
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4. The problem is that if the sending packets are
too small in size, then the process becomes
inefficient.
5. A The sender and receiver identification must be
made possible for each layers. This can be
achieved by some form of addressing.
B common form of error control and error
correction on both the sending and receiving
ends.
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6. Rate of sending and rate of receiving must
match. If the rate of sending is too high that the
receiver cant cope up, it leads to congestion and
packet loss. Flow control can be used in these
cases.
7. Choosing the best possible route between the
sender and the receiver when more than one
path is available for data traversal
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Network Design Tools
Networks are a complicated mix of applications,
protocols, device and link technologies, traffic
flows, and routing algorithms.
There may be tens of thousands of feasible
configurations, each with different performance
attributes and costs.
Network design tools analyzes what is happening
in the network and predicts future behavior.
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WHO USES NETWORK DESIGN TOOLS?
Depending on the situation, concepts of the ideal
network, design tool can vary greatly :
Network managers and engineers
To operate the networks, troubleshoot and solve
performance problems
Network designers
To build new networks or modernize existing ones
&try to reduce design time and improve design
accuracy
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Researchers
To reduce development costs and risks, to test
the effects of new or modified protocols, devices,
architectures, component designs, and traffic
models in the lab
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WHAT GENERAL-PURPOSE TOOLS DO?
show which links and devices are over- and
underused
show how (un)balanced loads affect links and
devices
show the effects of link or device failures
show how changes in topology, device upgrades,
or expansion will affect performance
predict link and device throughput and utilization
model LAN, frame relay and IP13
Examples
Analytical Engine’s NetRule and NetRule Viewer
Compuware’s Comnet III, EcoPredictor, and
EcoProfiler
NetCracker’s Designer and NetCracker
Professional
Opnet Technologies’ Modeler, IT Decision-Guru,
and Netbiz
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Thank You…!!!
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