presented by…Shivam

Name:-Shivam Sharma

Branch:-ECE Roll No:-

13090310921

TRANSPARENT

ELECTRONICS

Ever wondered that you are travelling in a car and you want to watch a movie or video play and the glass shields i.e. window panels will turn into a television screen or working on a computer that simply looks like a glass sheet just like the future computer in movie “Krrish” or holding a transparent iPhone…!!!

Yeah you would have certainly…but how is it possible!!!

That’s what my topic “Transparent Electronics” is all about…!!!

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Introduction➢ Transparent electronics (also called as invisible electronics) is an emerging technology.➢ It employs wide band-gap semiconductors(3.7eV) for the realization of invisible circuits and opto-electronic devices.  ➢The first scientific goal of this technology must be to discover, understand, and implement transparent high-performance electronic materials.➢The second goal is their implementation and evaluation in transistor and circuit structures.

➢The third goal relates to achieving application-specific properties since transistor performance and materials property requirements vary, depending on the final product device .

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PRE-HISTORY➢The two technologies which preceded and

underlie transparent electronics are Transparent Conductive Oxides (TCOs) and Thin- Film Transistors (TFTs).➢TCOs constitute an unusual class of materials possessing two contradictory physical properties- high optical transparency and high electrical conductivity. The three most common TCOs are indium oxide In2O3, tin oxide SnO2 and zinc oxide ZnO2. ➢The thin-film transistor (TFTs)..

Structure of TFTs

Material

Bandgap(eV)

Conductivity

(Scm-1)

Electron Concentration (cm-

3)

Mobility

(cm2V-

1s-1)

In2O3 3.75 10,000 >1021 35

ZnO2 3.35 8,000 >1021 20

SnO2 3.6 5,000 >1020 15

Electrical properties of common TCOs

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HOW TRANSPARENT ELECTRONIC DEVICES

WORK?

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➢ The challenge for producing "invisible" electronic circuitry and opto-electronic devices is that the transistor materials must be transparent to visible light yet have good carrier mobilities which requires a special class of materials having "contra-indicated properties".➢ Oxide semiconductors are very interesting materials because they combine simultaneously high/low conductivity with high visual transparency.➢ Transparent oxide semiconductor based transistors have recently been proposed using as active channel intrinsic zinc oxide (ZnO).

➢ The main advantages of using ZnO are:1. The fact that it is possible to growth at/near

room temperature high quality polycrystalline ZnO, which is a particular advantage for electronic drivers, where the response speed is of major importance.

2. Since ZnO is a wide band gap material (3.4 eV), it is transparent in the visible region of the spectra and therefore, also less light sensitive.

➢ The second is amorphous oxides with heavy metal content, such as amorphous InGaZnO4 (a-IGZO) also used in this application.

➢ A comparison of ZnO and a-IGZO shows that ZnO has the lead when it comes to carrier mobility. At present, though, a-IGZO is the material of choice for large-area displays, electronic paper utilizing low-temperature processing, etc.

Oxides play key role:

The major substrate used for this purpose is Glass. Diamo

ndGlass

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ADVANCEMENTS MADE IN TRANSPARENT

ELECTRONICS

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Characteristics other than Transparency. Transparent semiconductors, in addition to being transparent, have a number of useful characteristics, including a wide band gap, relatively high carrier mobility, low-temperature manufacturability, and low manufacturing costs thanks to the low-temperature process and inexpensive materials. As a result, R&D into properties other than transparency is also active.

Lets consider the properties of materials other than transparency and their applications…

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 APPLICATIONS OF TRANSPARENT ELECTRONICS

➢ Transparent circuits will have unprecedented applications in flat panel displays and other electronic devices, such as see through display or novel display structures. ➢ They have been widely used in a variety of applications like:1. Antistatic coatings2. Touch display panels3. Solar cells,4. Flat panel transparent displays5. Heaters7. Optical coatings. and many more….

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ANTISTATIC COATINGS

● AN ANTISTATIC AGENT IS USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF MATERIAL OR THEIR SURFACES IN ORDER TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE BUILDUP OF STATIC ELECTRICITY.

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FLAT PANELS TRANSPARENT DISPLAY

● The Al doping generates a free electron in the conduction band, increases the n-type electrical conductivity in the crystal…...

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HEATERS

Transparent heater allows continuous high definition operation of device monitors in low temperature environments. Optically clear, our LCD screen heaters are typically used in applications that require a high degree of light transmission.

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MARKET OF TRANSPARENT ELECTRONICS

● An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a light-emitting diode ( LED) ... (each pixel provide its own illumination) ..

● EMI Shielding is used to reduce undesired electromagnetic interference in electronic circuitry..

● photovoltaics Organic and dye synthesized ..

● electronic paper displays reflect light like paper...

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Future Scope➢ In the field of solar cells, although much progress has been made in developing new materials and devices for high performance transparent solar cells, there is still plenty of opportunity to study and improve device performance and fabrication techniques compared with the nontransparent solar cell devices.

➢ It is likely that new scientific discoveries and technological advances will continue to cross fertilize each other for the foreseeable future.

# SOLAR AND PV CELLS

# MAINSTREAM DISPLAYS# UNCONVENTIONAL SURFACES

# TOUCH SURFACES

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CONCLUSION

➢ Oxides represent a relatively new class of semiconductor materials applied to active devices, such as TFTs, SWNT transistors.

➢ The combination of high field effect mobility and low processing temperature for oxide semiconductors makes them attractive for high performance electronics on flexible plastic substrates.

Let us hope that we are soon going to see transparent technology being implemented in our lives…!!!

REFERENCES✓‘Transparent Electronics ’, Springer publications, J.F.Wager, D. A. Keszler, R. E. Presley. ✓‘Transparent electronics: from synthesis to applications’, Wiley publications: Antonio Facchetti, Tobin J. Marks. ✓www.wikipedia.org ✓www.ieee.org ✓www.alternative-energy-news.info/transparent-a-solar-energy-breakthrough/ ✓www.nanomarkets.net ✓www.nikkeibp.co.jp 17

That’s all about Transparent Electronics…!!!Thank you and queries…!!!

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