Super-Structural Construction Work of a Six Storied Residential Building

Md. Shariful Haque RobinID# 12206049

Program: BSCE

IUBAT – International University of Business Agriculture and Technology

Super-Structural Construction Work of a Six

Storied Residential Building.

Aim

The aim of my presentation is to briefly discuss about the

building super-structural construction process & management

function.

223-Dec-15

Contents to be Covered

Introduction Objectives Company profile and my project details Construction materials & equipment's Construction process of beam, slab, stair & column Problems & solution Overall benefits of the internship Conclusion and recommendation

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Introduction

In this presentation I will try to uphold about my 3 month’s practicum period experience of the construction work of a six storied residential building on super structural parts.

Superstructure is building parts located above the ground level such as column, beam, floor, wall and roof.

Here I have focused on mainly Beam, Slab, Stair and Column construction process and also the problems I have faced & my contribution to solve those.

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Objectives

To improve practical skill To upgrade the theoretical knowledge To supervise the construction work. To understand the design specification. To learn to solve the rising problems and unexpected

events.

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Company Profile

Company Name

Fervent Architects & Engineers Ltd. (Company Logo)

Company Type

Limited (by shares.)

License Type Consultancy (First class contractor)

Address Suite# A3,House# 35,Road# 14,Sector# 13,Uttara, Dhaka-1230

Phone +880 2-7913544

Email [email protected]

Website www.ferventbd.com6

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Company Organogram

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About My Project

8

Project Type On going

Project Category Residential

Name of Project Rafizuddin Address Plot no: 52, Road no:

14, Sector: 14, Uttara Model Town

Land Area 03 Khatha

Size of Land 2160 sft

No of Storey Ground Floor + 5 Floors

Fig 1: 3D view of Rafizuddin

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Typical Floor Plan (2nd to 5th Floor)

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Coarse Aggregate: Stone & Bricks chips (3/4" down and well graded )

Fine aggregate: Local & Sylhet Sand (FM 2.5)

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Construction Materials

Fig 2: Bricks chips Fig 3: Stone chips

Fig 4: Local sand Fig 5: Sylhet sand23-Dec-15

Construction Materials (continued)

Cement: Supercrete Reinforcement: KSRM (500W, 72.5 Grade)

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Fig 6: Supercrete Cement Fig 7: KSRM Reinforcement

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Main Equipments

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Fig 8: Concrete mixer machine Fig 9: Vibrator machine

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Main Equipments (continued)

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Fig 10: Crane Fig 11: Bar cutter

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Construction Works

I have observed the following constructions process:

Beam construction. Slab construction. Stair construction. Column construction.

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The following works are followed at the time of floor beam and slab construction:

ShutteringReinforcement bar placingCenteringCastingCuring

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Construction of Beam and Slab

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Fig 14: Props for supporting Fig 15: Runner

Shuttering of Beam and Slab

Fig 12: Placed bottom & side shutter Fig 13: Joining side shutter

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Shuttering of Beam and Slab (Continued)

17

Fig 11: Shuttering work of slab before and after placing steel sheet

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Fig 16: Beam Layout

From figure, this green marking beam (Beam-2) width and depth, I checked after beam shuttering.

18


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I checked the beam-2 width and depth. it was 10 width and ʺ13 depth.ʺ

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(a) (b)

Fig 17: Checking (a) width and (b) depth of beam-2 Shutter.


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Centering of Beam and Slab

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Fig 18: Centering

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Reinforcement Placement of Beam

Mainly five type of bar using for beam, they are:

Top BarBottom BarExtra Top BarExtra Bottom BarStirrup

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Fig 19: Placing beam reinforcement (Beam-1)

Fig 20: Stirrup binding of beam (Beam-1)

Reinforcement Placement of Beam (Continued)

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I Checked stirrup spacing and lapping distance of beam-2, In figure , it is showed by green marking.

23Fig 21: Floor beam layout


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For beam-2 constriction:3-16mmΦ bar in top 3-20mmΦ bar in bottom2-20mmΦ extra bars in bottom3-16mmΦ extra bars in topFor stirrup 10mmΦ bar

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Fig 22: Floor beam-2 section

Fig 23: Beam-2 reinforcements arrangement 23-Dec-15

(L/4) both side stirrups were arranged 5 c/c ʺ (L/2) stirrups were arranged 7 c/c. ʺ Lapping length 31 .ʺ

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Fig 24: Checking stirrup spacing at end section of beam-2

Fig 25: Checking lapping distance of beam-2


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Reinforcement Placement of Slab

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Fig 26: Placing Slab Reinforcement in long and short direction

Fig 27: Placing Crank, extra top & bottom Reinforcement in slab

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Reinforcement Placement of Slab (Continued)

Where I checked slab bar spacing, lapping length and clear distances, which I have showed in figure by red marking line.

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Fig 28: Slab Layout Plan

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Reinforcement bar spacing given 6 c/c in short direction ʺ5 c/c in long directionʺFrom supports L/4 distance given extra top

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Fig 29: Reinforcement bar spacing checking in Slab

Fig 30: Checking the extra top bar length

Reinforcement Placement of Slab (Continued)

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Casting of Beam and Slab

After finishing binding all reinforcement, it was time for casting. Slab, beam and stair were casting at a time. In my site was used cement, sand and bricks chips ratio ware 1:1.5:3.

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Casting of Beam and Slab (Continued)

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Fig 31: concrete mixing in mixture machine

Fig 32: using crane for pulling up the concrete

Fig 33: Beam castingFig 34: During slab casting, using

vibrator & Steel runner.23-Dec-15

Curing of Beam and Slab

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Fig 35: Curing of beam by moist jute fabric

Fig 36: Making border for pond Fig 37: Curing of slab by ponding of water23-Dec-15

Construction of Stair

The following works are followed at the time of stair construction:

Shuttering of stair Reinforcement bar placing Shuttering of treads and risers Casting of stair Curing of stair

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Shuttering of Stair

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Fig 38: shuttering of Stair

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Reinforcement Bars Placing

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Fig 39: Reinforcement bar arrangement in stair Fig 40: Reinforcement bar placed in stair

2

1

3

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Shuttering of Treads and Risers

After placing all reinforcements, they placed wooden planks for making treads and risers.

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Fig 41: Checking tread width Fig 42: checking riser height

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Casting & Curing of Stair

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Fig 43: Using vibrator during stair casting Fig 44: Curing of stair by moist jute fabric

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Column Construction

The following works are followed at the time of column construction:

Kicker makingReinforcement bar placingShutteringCastingCuring

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In my Presentation, I show the construction of column-2 (C2) which I have showed in figure by red marking.

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Fig 45: Column layout

Column Construction (Continued)

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Kicker Making

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Fig 46: Column kicker formwork

Fig 47: Checking kicker clear cover distances Fig 48: Checking kicker height

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Column Kicker Casting

In case of column kicker casting they maintained the mixing ratio about 1:1.5:3.

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Fig 49: After kicker casting of column-2

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Reinforcement Placements of Column

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Fig 50: Reinforcement Placements of Column-2 according to design

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Fig 51: Tie bar spacing checking in column-2 end section

Fig 52: Checking lapping length

Reinforcement Placements of Column

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Shuttering & Casting

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Fig 53: Column-2 shuttering Fig 54: Column-2 casting

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Column Curing

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Fig 55: wrapping column with jute fabric for Curing

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Problems and SolutionProblem 1: In accordance with the design sheet Beam-6 width was given as 10 but they used only 5 width in order to save some floor spaces.ʺ ʺ

Measures Taken: In order to compensate with the change they used 20mmΦ bar though it was given as 16mmΦ in the drawing.

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Fig 56: Beam 6 size in design, Beam 6 size in reality

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Problem 2: In the crossing section of Beam-2 and Beam-5, they provided lapping for top reinforcement bar in Beam-2. It may cause danger for the structure.

Measures Taken: They provided extra two 16mmΦ reinforcement below the top bar.

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Figure 57: Two beam crossing point

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Problem 3: Due to unavailability of steel sheet, they did not provide steel sheet in this area of slab.

Measures Taken : They used plastic fabric supported by wooden plate for this area to be covered.

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Fig 58: Without steel sheet slab area shuttering

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Problem 4: In column-3 they did not maintain 40D (31in for 16mm bar) lapping length in accordance with the design. They give only 6in.

Solution: I discussed with our Project Engineer, then he ordered the foreman to fix it.

48

Fig 59: Did not maintain lapping length as per design

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Problem 5: In column-3 as per design this main bar will be of 16mmΦ but they had used a bar of 20mmΦ.

Solution: I informed our Project Engineer about the problem. Later on he solved the case by ordering the foreman

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Fig 60: Did not maintain reinforcement placement as per design

Challenges I have Faced

Shortage knowledge of working drawings like structural, architectural, sanitary, electrical and some other details.

Shortage of knowledge in some portion of the work at the site.

Unsatisfactory answers for questions from engineers. Unavailable safety facility.

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Overall Benefits of the Internship

Improving practical skill Upgrading the theoretical knowledge Upgrading interpersonal communication skill Improving team playing skill Improving leadership skill

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Recommendation to the Company

Testing of material is needed before use in construction. It is better to use steel formwork than wood formwork as it

is very repetitively used, stiff and not flammable easily and removed easily without damaging the concrete structure.

For avoiding segregation of concrete column should cast by half-half of its length in each floor.

Every construction worker should have maintained their Safety and security properly.

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Conclusions

I have supervised beam, slab, stair & column construction work. After supervising my construction site, I have learned about beam, slab, stair & column construction and achieved practical experience. It seems to me that the practical knowledge is the most essential to be an efficient engineer. Overall the internship program laid sound foundation for us to start our career.

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Thanks To All

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Any Question?

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Engineering

Super-Structural Construction Work of a Six Storied Residential Building