Summer Training report

SUBMITTED BY : SUBMITTED TO :AKASHPAL GOYAL MR. PANDEY SIR TRADE : CIVIL ENGG. ROLL NO. 338712007009001

INDEX

Contents Page no.Aknowldgement

Introduction

EHSDepartment

QA/QC DepartmentProjectExecution

PlanningConclusion

Acknowledgement

I am very thankful to GEE INTERNATIONALS for having given me the opportunity to undertake my summer

training at their construction site. It was a very good learning experience for me to have worked at

this site as this project involved many Unique Construction Practices and challenges.

EHSDepartmentEHS Department

HR POLICY

THE PROJECT DETAILS

PROJECT – GOV.SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

CONTRACTOR - GEE INTERNATIONALS TYPE OF CONTRACT – LUMPSUM CONTRACT

CONSTRUCTION PERIOD – 2 YEAR DEFECT NOTIFICATION PEROD - 365 DAYS

PROJECT COMPONENT - ADMIN BUILDING , ROADS , CAFETARIA , BASKET BALL GROUND , STAGE , ETC .

PACKAGE UNDER GEE INTERNATIONALS - 20 NO’S SPS CLASSROOM S 3 NO’S STAIR CASE4 NO’S LABS PROJECT LOCATION AND AREA – SUNDER NAGAR , DELHI

Use of Personal Protective Equipment and safety devices relevant to site activities

� SAFETY APPLIANCES :The requirement of sufficient number of safety appliances are planned well in advance and made available at stores.

HEAD PROTECTIONE : very individual entering the site must wear safety helmet ,confirming to IS: 2925 1984 with the chinstrap fixed to the chin.

FOOT AND LEG PROTECTION Safety foot wear with steel toe is essential on site to prevent crush injuries to our toes and injury due to striking against the object.

HEARING PROTECTION: Excessive noise causes damage to the inner ear and permanent loss of hearing. To protect ears use ear plugs/ear muff as suitable .

EYE PROTECTION Person carrying out grinding works, operating pavement breakers, and those involved in welding and cutting works should wear safety goggles & face shield suitably. Goggles , Safety Spectacles , face shield confirm to IS: 5983 1980.

SAFETY NET Though it is mandatory to wear safety harness while working at height on the working platforms, safety ne ts of suitable mesh size shall be provided to arrest the falling of person and materials on need basis.

FALL PROTECTION: To prevent fall of person while working at height , personnel engaged More than 2m wear standard Full Body harness should be conforming toIS:3521 1999(Third Revision).

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QUALITY ASSURANCE & QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT

Quality is the key component which propels performance and defines leadership traits. At GEE INTERNATIONAL Construction, Quality Standards have been internalized and documented in Quality Assurance manuals. GEE INTERNATIONAL Construction recognizes the crucial significance of the human element in ensuring quality. Structured training programmers ensure that every GEE INTERNATIONAL employee is conscious of his/her role and responsibility in extending GEE INTERNATIONAL Construction’s tradition of leadership through quality. A commitment to safety springs from a concern for the individual worker – every one of the thousands braving the rigors of construction at numerous project sites. GEE INTERNATIONAL Buildings & Factories IC has a well-established and documented Quality Management System (QMS) and is taking appropriate steps to improve its effectiveness in accordance with the requirements of ISO 9001:2008. Relevant procedures established clearly specify the criteria and methods for effective operation, control and necessary resources and information to support the operation and monitoring of these processes.

study of drawing

Drawing are the language of an engineer & the study of the drawing is one of the important part

of the engineering work. There are different types of drawings available at site for different

purposes at work such as; site plans, floor plans, sections, elevations, flooring, roofing etc. The

details of various drawings are also there for the execution of particular work. The various service drawings such as; electrical detailed drawings,

plumbing detailed drawings, detailed drawing of septic tanks etc. are also the integrated part of

the construction work.

WORK SCHEDULING

After study of drawings the planning & scheduling of work is repeated. The Planning

is done with the help of CPM & PERT. The planning & scheduling of work Is

represented by the BAR CHART. With the help of bar chart various activities of work is done simultaneously & it helps to complete

the execution work as per schedule. According to the bar chart the daily work is assigned to the different petty contractors.

EXECUTION OF WORK 

Site Clearance Demarcation of Site Positioning of Central coordinate ie (0,0,0) as per grid plan Excavation Laying of PCC in Foundation Layout Raft Foundation Column Casting Layout And Filling Up Of Column Starter Column Reinforcement Column Formwork & Column Casting Beam & Slab Casting Beam & Slab Shuttering Beam & Slab Reinforcement Electrical and Plumbing Brickwork Doors and windows frames along with lintels Wiring for electrical purposes Plastering Flooring and tiling work Painting Final Completion and handing over the project

Site Clearance

The very first step is site clearance which involves removal of grass and vegetation along with any other objections which might be there in the

site location.

Demarcation , Positioning Of Central Coordinate And Layout & Excavation

The whole area on which construction is to be done is marked so as to identify the construction zone. In our project, a plot of 450*350 sq ft was chosen and the respective marking was done.

The centre point was marked with the help of a thread and plumb bob as per the grid drawing. With respect to this center point, all the other points of columns were to be decided so its exact position is very critical.

Excavation was carried out both manually as well as mechanically. Normally 1-2 earth excavators (JCB’s) were used for excavating the soil. Adequate precautions are taken to see that the excavation operations do not damage the adjoining structures. Excavation is carried out providing adequate side slopes and dressing of excavation bottom. The soil present beneath the surface was too clayey so it was dumped and was not used for back filling. The filling is done in layer not exceeding 20 cm layer and than its compacted. After the excavation surface is levelled called surface dressing.

Demarcation , Positioning Of Central Coordinate And Layout & Excavation

PCC – Plain Cement Concrete

After the process of excavation, laying of plain cement concrete that is PCC is done. A layer of 4 inches was made in such a manner that it was not mixed with the soil. It provides a solid bas for the raft foundation and a mix of 1:5:10 that is, 1 part of cement to 5 parts of fine aggregates and 10 parts of coarse aggregates by volume were used in it. Plain concrete is vibrated to achieve full compaction. Concrete placed below ground should be protected from falling earth during and after placing. Concrete placed in ground containing deleterious substances should be kept free from contact with such a ground and with water draining there from during placing and for a period of seven days. When joint in a layer of concrete are unavoidable, and end is sloped at an angle of 30 and junctions of different layers break joint in laying upper layer of concrete. The lower surface is made rough and clean watered before upper layer is laid.

Layout

After the preparation of finished level surface of PCC. layout is done. Layout should be checked properly. Check any difference between architectural and structural drawings regarding location of column.

RAFT FOUNDATION

At our site, Raft foundations are used to spread the load from a structure over a large area, normally the entire area of the structure. Normally raft foundation is used when large load is to be distributed and it is not possible to provide individual footings due to space constraints that is they would overlap on each other. Raft foundations have the advantage of reducing differential settlements as the concrete slab resists differential movements between loading positions. They are often needed on soft or loose soils with low bearing capacity as they can spread the loads over a larger area. In laying of raft foundation, special care is taken in the reinforcement and construction of plinth beams and columns. It is the main portion on which ultimately whole of the structure load is to come. So a slightest error can cause huge problems and therefore all this is checked and passed by the engineer in charge of the site.

Apart from raft foundation, individual footings were used in the mess area which was extended beyond the C and D blocks.

RAFT FOUNDATION

Layout Of Column On Raft

After the construction of raft foundation layout of column on raft is done carefully according to drawings. Layout of column is done w.r.t grid lines. Proper markings of column layout is done on raft.

Filling Up Of Column Starter

After the column layout, filling of column starter is done. The thickness of starter is kept 50mm. Starter is filled for the starting of column so that the shuttering is fixed properly. A construction key must be made for proper bonding of material.

Column Starter & PedestalColumn Starter & Pedestal

Column Reinforcement

Steel bar are placed according to drawing. The lap length provide 50 dia Only 50% bars are lapped at a time. In no lap zone , lap are not provided. Ties are provided with specified spacing and dimension.

Column Reinforcement, Links & Ties

Column Formwork

After the placement of column steel shuttering of column is done. The supervision of work is very important. If the size of the column is small it is tied by means o tie rod. If the column size is more i.e. 600*600 or more then they required special arrangement. Because when we work with needle vibrator they are goes out of their original position. To maintain the shuttering in position these shuttering are clumped by go-go clamp. Forms or moulds or shutters are the receptacles in which concrete is placed, so that it will have the desired shape or outline when hardened. Once the concrete develops adequate strength, the forms are removed. The construction of formwork takes time and involves expenditure upto 20 to 25% of the cost of the structure or even more. Design of these temporary structures are made to economic expenditure. The operation of removing the formwork is known as stripping. Stripped formwork can be reused. Reusable forms are known as panel forms and non-usable are called stationary forms.

Timber is the most common material used for formwork. The disadvantage with timber formwork is that it will warp, swell and shrink. Application of water impermeable cost to the surface of wood mitigates these defects.

 

Column Formwork

COLOUMN CASTING

M25, M30 grade or any other grade of concrete as specified in the drawing used in the column casting. Concrete is poured into the column. Concrete was used for all works in column, beams and slabs. It was well consolidated by vibrating using portable mechanical vibrators. Care was taken to ensure that concrete is not over vibrated so as to cause segregation. The layers of concrete are so placed that the bottom layer does not finally set before the top layer is placed. The vibrators maintain the whole of concrete under treatment in an adequate state of agitation, such that deaeration and effective compaction is attained at a state commensurate with the supply of concrete from the mixers. The vibrator continue during the whole period occupied by placing of concrete, the vibrators being adjusted so that the centre vibrations approximate to the centre of the mass being compacted at the time of placing. Shaking of reinforcement for the purpose of compaction should be avoided. Compaction shall be completed before initial setting starts i.e. within thirty minute of addition of water to the dry mixture.

The concrete was deposited in its final position in a manner to preclude segregation of ingredients. In case of column and walls, the shuttering was so adjusted that the vertical drop of concrete is not more than 1.5 m at a time. In

case of concreting of slabs and beams, the pipe from the batching plant was directly taken to the closest point. After filling the column up to the desired height a construction key must be made for better bonding with further construction.

COLOUMN CASTING

CURING OF COLOUMN

Curing of concrete is the term we use for stopping freshly poured concrete from drying out too quickly.  The reason that we do this, is because if we let concrete dry out of it's own accord:-

1. It will not develop the full bond between all of it's ingredients. 2.It will be weaker and tend to crack more. 3.The surface won't be as hard as it could be.

Hot or windy weather makes the drying out process quicker. We MUST in some way control the drying process. A simpler way of curing is to just keep water sprayed onto the column hand held hose pipes. Very wasteful of water and again only done for a short period usually. If you hand water, it should be wet all the time, that is you should not let it dry out at all, almost impossible to do. Some sort of cover that holds and retains sprayed on water, like a sand layer or hessian.  Not a good way to do the job, because they have to be kept wet and if they do dry out they actually aid in sucking moisture out of the concrete

CURING OF COLOUMN

Beam & Slab Reinforcement

In general practice both beam & slab shuttering are done simultaneously. Beam bottom is first laid on the column and then slab formwork is laid. The following picture shows the beam & slab reinforcement. In any beam reinforcement, two things should always be kept in mind. These are Proper Lap and Ld.

In case these are not properly provided as per the design the entire beam purpose is lost and beam loses its required strength. It has been found that if the beam is not properly reinforced, the entire structure is bound to collapse.

Chairs are provided at proper spacing in the slab reinforcement so that uniform thickness of the roof slab is maintained. After the reinforcement, the slab is checked for steel as per drawings and level required. A camber of 5 mm in provided in the center of slab.

Beam & Slab Reinforcement

ELECTRIC

This picture shows the provisions of electric conduits before the concreting process.Proper position of chairs in the roof slab prevents the electric conduits from any damage.

FAN BOX