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MAAZ AHMED NAQVI

WASEEMULLAH

ASADULLAH KHAN

MOHAMMAD HAMMAD KHAN

SHAHRUKH AQEEQ

AHMED ZAKARIA

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Elasticity

Concrete Testing

Strength and Durability

Versatility

Thermal Mass

Albedo effect

Manufacturing and Use of Concrete

Maintenance of concrete

Fire Resistant

Cost

Results and effects

Reference

Any Questions

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The ability of an object or

material to resume its normal

shape after being stretched or

compressed.

GRAPH FOR ELATICITY IN

CONCRETE

A mixture of cement ,sand

coarse aggregate and water.

i- Slump Test

Concrete Slump Test: Is a one of test that

usually conducted to measure workability of

fresh concrete.

ii- Cube Test:

Concrete Cube Test: Is a test conducted to

determine the strength of concrete.

•Used in the majority of buildings, bridges,

tunnels and dams for its strength.

•Gains strength over time.

•Not weakened by moisture, mold or pests.

•Concrete structures can withstand natural

disasters such.

i- Strength :

•A durable concrete is one that performs

satisfactorily in the working environment.

•Durability of concrete is its ability to resist.

•When exposed to environment durable

concrete is likely to retain its original form,

quality and serviceability during its

lifetime.

ii- Durability :

•Versatility allows you to adapt to

many different situations.

•Using concrete in construction is

almost done around the countries

•Concrete is used in several

structures.

*Thermal mass is the ability of a

material to absorb and store heat

energy.

•Concrete walls and floors slow the passage of

heat moving through concrete.

•This reduces energy needs from heating or air-

conditioning.

•A high mass building needs to gain or lose a

large amount of energy to change its internal

temperature.

•Albedo is a measure of the reflectivity

of a surface.

•The albedo effect when applied to the

Earth is a measure of how much of the

Sun's energy is reflected back into

space.

Explanation:

•The high "albedo" of concrete used in

pavements and building walls means more

light is reflected and less heat is absorbed,

resulting in cooler temperatures.

•This reduces the "urban heat island" effect

prevalent in cities today, and hence reduces

energy use for e.g. air-conditioning

Image illustration

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Materials used in the manufacture of

precast concrete are:

*Cement

*Sand

*Aggregate

*water

*

*Concrete is most commonly used as

construction material.

*It is versatile construction material.

*It is used in heavy weight and light weight

structures.

*It is used in buildings, dams, bridges and even

in highways.

•The fire resistance is not only dependent

upon the type of concrete but also on the

thickness of the cover reinforcement.

•Effect of temperature on the strength of

concrete is not much upto a temperature of

about 250ºc

•Above 300ºc definite loss of strength takes

place.

•Light weight concrete stand up better to

fire than ordinary concrete.

Fire resistance image illustration

•Modern concrete is a very durable

construction material and, if properly

proportioned and placed, will give very

long service under normal conditions

•Concrete is highly durable.

•It is frequently ignored once it is in place until

signs of deterioration are evident.

•When concrete begins to lose its ability to

function as designed it requires maintenance.

Compared to other comparable

building materials, concrete is less

costly to produce and remains

extremely affordable.

•Concrete work is cost friendly yet durable.

•Concrete work is last longer.

•Historical buildings in Greece are of concrete

and life example of concrete durability.

•Concrete plant install near construction site

which can subtract the transportation cost.

To calculate cost you need to know:

•Dry concrete cft are.

•Cement, fine aggregate and coarse

aggregate ratio.

•Volume of cement, F.A and C.A in one

bag,farma or truck and dumper.

*

Typical Composition by Volume

Cement 7-15%

Water 14-21%

Aggregate 60-80%

Make your own concrete

• Concrete is the ultimate solution to the construction.

•Our country Pakistan is lacking in construction industry.

• As far as Pakistan did not emphasize on construction

field and set standards their will be no law for

construction.

•Our neighboring country India already had its standards.

•Over 800,000 ton cum of concrete pour on yearly basis

around the world.

• Private under construction projects in Pakistan did not

benefits the countries economy.

*http://theconstructor.org/concrete/behaviour-of-

concrete-in-extreme-fire/6769/

*http://www.concretecentre.com/technical_information/p

erformance_and_benefits/fire_resistance.aspx

*http://www.wbcsdcement.org/index.php/about-

cement/benefits-of-concrete

*http://www.cement.ca/en/Concrete-Applications.html

*http://www.yourhome.gov.au/passive-design/thermal-

mass

Any Questions ?