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SPM-UNIT IIIRISK MANAGEMENT
WORKING IN TEAMS
Prof. Kanchana Devi
Prof. Kanchana Devi
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Working in Teams Usually work/task will be divided among
the groups. Formal Groups will be divided into
subgroups There are two types
Command Group: Formal Mgmt Struct Task Group
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Step wise frame work Identify project scope and objectives Identify project infrastructure Analyze project characteristics Estimate effort for each activity Identify activity risks Allocate resources Review/Publicize Plan
Prof. Kanchana Devi
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Becoming a Team There are 5 basic stages of development
Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning
Prof. Kanchana Devi
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Forming Members of the group get to know each
other Set up some ground rules about
behavior
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Storming Conflicts arises, everyone will try to
dominate(Leadership) Group’s methods of operation are
established
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Norming Conflicts are settled A feel of group identity emerges
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Performing The emphasis will be on the task at hand
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Adjourning The group disbands
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Balance – Different People The Chair The Plant The Monitor – Evaluator The Sharper The Team Worker The Resource Investigator The Completer – Finisher The Company Worker
Similar to our institution
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Group Performance One way of categorizing group tasks
into: Additive Tasks
Effort to get final result Compensatory Tasks
Judgments of individual group members are pooled Disjunctive Tasks
Only one correct answer Conjunctive Tasks
Progress is governed by the rate of slowest performer
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Decision Making Decisions are categorized as
Structured: Simple, Routine Decisions (Rules can be applied in straight forward way)
Unstructured: More Complex and often requiring a degree of creativity
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Obstacles to make good decision
Faulty Heuristics “Rule of Thumb”
Escalation of Commitment Difficult to alter
Information Overload Too much of information
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Obstacles to good GROUP decision
Groups deal less effectively with Poor Structures Problems need Creative Solutions
Risky Shifts – Making decision on their own
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Methods to reduce the disadvantages of group DM
Prof. Kanchana Devi
Delphi Technique: Given a problem following procedure have to be carried out The cooperation of a number of experts is enlisted The problem is presented to the experts The experts record their recommendations These recommendations are collated and
reproduced The collected responses are re-circulated The experts comment If there is any deviation the process will be
stopped
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Team Heedfulness Eg: Foot Ball team Group members are aware of activities of
others that contribute to overall success “Collective Mind”
Shared Understanding, Familiarity and good communications
In software development environment Egoless Programming Chief Programmer Teams Extreme Programming Scrum – Similar to Agile Model
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Organization & Team Structure There are two important issues that are
critical to the effective functioning of every organization are Department Structure
How is a department is organized into teams? Team Structure
How are project teams structured?
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Department Structure There are three broad ways in which a
software development department can be structured: Functional Format Project Format Matrix Format
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Functional Format VS Project Format
Top Management
Project Team n
Project Team 1
Top Management
a. Project Organization
RequirementsDesignCoding
Networking
TestingDatabase Project
Team n
Project Team 1
b. Functional Organization
Functional Groups
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Matrix FormatProject
Functional Group
#1 #2 #3
#1 2 0 3 Functional Manager 1
#2 0 5 3 Functional Manager 2
#3 0 4 2 Functional Manager 3
#4 1 4 0 Functional Manager 4
#5 0 4 6 Functional Manager 5
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Team Structure Denotes the reporting, responsibility and
communication structures in individual project teams
There are only three team structures: Democratic Chief Programmer Mixed team organization
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Chief Programmer team
Prof. Kanchana Devi
Project Manager
Reporting
Team Members
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Democratic Team
Team Member
Communication
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Mixed Control Team Structure
Team Members
Senior Members
Project Manager
