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Seminar On

SPEED DETECTION CAMERAPrepared by : Kandarp Kumar Tiwari

Roll No. : 1209010085 (B. Tech 6th Semester)

Department of

Computer Science & Engineering

IEC College of Engineering & Technology

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INTRODUCTION

HISTORY

WHY SPEED DETECTING CAMERA ?

ARCHITECTURE

 INTRODUCING DOPPLER’S EFFECT

HOW WELL DOES IT WORKS?

Operating during the rain and mist

Measurement range

Reaction time

Continuous transmission

Discrimination

Objectives

ON THE WRONG SIDE OF THE LAW

The need for public communications

COMMUNICATIONS AND PUBLIC AWARENESS

ADVANTAGES

FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES

CONCLUSION

3Introduction

A speed detecting camera is an automated ticketing machine that includes a camera mounted invariably behind road signs or trees.

The speed cameras are used to identify and prosecute those drivers that pass by them when exceed the stipulated speed limit.

To enforce these speed limit; laws are passed making speed an offence and signs are erected were off to indicate the maximum permissible speeds.

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An Older Speed Camera

History Speed cameras were introduced in west London

in 1982 and following their success in reducing speed related crashes.

Speed cameras are recommended under use to reduce road casualties. The speed camera is also known as" safety cameras".

Speed camera uses the basic principle of Doppler Effect and RADAR technologies.

5Why Speed Detecting

Camera ?

Control Vehicle Speed

Traffic Control

Crime Control

Accident Control

In Sports

6Architecture

The basic of every speed camera is a SHF generator, which can transmit the beams in specific directions.

Radar makes the use of electromagnetic waves to detect objects

It gives the information about speed, distance, objects.

It uses Doppler’s Effect to determine the vehicle speed.

7Introducing Doppler’s Effect The apparent change in pitch due to relative motion between source

and observer is known as Doppler’s Principle.

The Doppler Effect is the change in frequency of a wave for an observer moving relative to its source

The principle of speed camera that is the Doppler's effect can be described by the formula

8Doppler’s Effect Formula

f M = 2vfEcos(α/c)Where,

fM if the frequency of the received signal

v is the speed of vehicles

f E if the frequency of transmitted signal

α is the angle between the transmitted signal and path along which the vehicle travels

c is propagation speed of the signal in the air.

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How Well Does It Works?

Operating during the rain or mist:

When it rains it comes down vertically which is right angles to the RADAR beam, bringing about a Doppler effect of zero (cos 90=0 so Fm=0).

Since mist doesn't move with respect to RADAR beams it will be practically invisible to the receiver and the measurements are completely unaffected.

Doppler RADAR

Measurement Range:

Depends on two factors:-

the power of SHF oscillators the sensitivity of the detector.

11 Reaction time:

Older models required by about half a second to take a reliable measurement.

Current models uses special DSP algorithms with the very short time, making extremely fast readings possible.

Continuous transmission:

RADAR does not need to have its oscillators functioning continuously. It only needs to be active long enough to stabilize and take a measurement. Actual RADAR equipment works on the random basis or is activated only when a vehicle comes nearby.

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Discrimination:

When several vehicles traveling at different speeds encounter at the RADAR beams the resulting Doppler signal contains a mixture of signals at different frequency.

There are however newer systems that can measure the speed of the several car simultaneously without discrimination.

13On The Wrong Side Of Law

There are two types of Anti-Radars:

Jamming devices- The jamming devices are simply SHF oscillators, which are used to send ' take ' signal to the speed camera, the electronic circuit in the radar can detect such jamming signals and notify the police.

Detectors- A detector on the other hand consists of the simple SHF receiver. These are relatively simple circuit containing a microwave detector an alarm.

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Communications and Public Awareness

The need for public communications:

We should make people aware of the speeding and benefits of speed cameras. We should make awareness in the local level, national level and also in government level.

There are many publicity campaigns, for example called ‘THINK!’ which includes messages about the risks and other consequences of speeding.

15Advantages

Speed Control of Vehicles

Economic Benefit

Tax for rich and passionate riders

Good for Environment

High speed is bad for communities

16Future Technologies

A speed camera designed to catch speeding motorist.

The asset camera should be able to pick out the drivers who are not wearing helmet.

Identify tailgating.

Can also note number plate and recognise cars with out-of-date tax and licence.

17 Conclusion

A new approach to vehicle extraction and speed detection was proposed.

These camera reduces accidents and protects the innocent road users.

The system also provides location and velocity information of each vehicle.

In general speed camera are perceived to be good idea because they protect innocent road users and pedestrians.

So on utilizing the strategies in the right way, we can reduce 40 percent it of accidents

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Thank you To All Of

You…

LIFE is more important than speed