SEMINAR ON “RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOURCES”

Prepared & Presented By-

BIRADAR SACHIN N.7058375085

EE Dept.

UCOER,Pune.

What is mean by Energy ?

• Energy is a property of objects, transferable among them via fundamental interactions, which can be converted in form but not created or destroyed.

• The joule is the SI unit of energy.

Types of energy

Energy

1.Renewable Energy 2.Non-ren. Energy

ex.-soil,trees,water,solar. ex.-gold,coal,diesel,

• Renewable Energy:

• RE is energy which is generated from natural sources i.e. sun, wind, rain, tides & can be generated again & again as and when required.

• They are available is plenty and by far most the cleanest sources of energy available on this planet.

• For ex: Energy that we receive from the sun can be used to generate electricity. similarly energy from wind, geothermal, biomass from plants, tides can be used this from energy to anoter form

• Non-renewable energy:

• Non-renewable energy is energy which is taken from the sources that are available on the earth in limited quantity and will vanish 56-60 years now.

• Non-renewable sources are not environmental friendly can have serious affect on our health.

• They are called non-renewable because they can be re-generated within short span of time.

• Ex. are coal, oil, fossil fuel.

Energy Use

HISTORY OF RE

• Prior to the development of coal in the mid of 19th century nearly all energy was renewable.

•By 1873, concerns of running out of coal promoted experimented using solar energy.

•In the 1970’s enviromentalist promoted the development of RE for replacement of oil and decreasing dependence on oil leading to the first electricity generating wind turbine.

Renewable Resources• These are sources of energy that naturally

regenerate themselves.

• Hydroelectricity

• Wind

• Solar

• Biofuels

• Tidal/Wave Energy

Hydro Power

Hydropower energy is ultimately derived from the sun, which drives the water cycle. In the water cycle, rivers are recharged in a continuous cycle. Because of the force of gravity, water flows from high points to low points. There is kinetic energy embodied in the flow of water.

Hydroelectric power (often called hydropower) is considered a renewable energy source. A renewable energy source is one that is not depleted (used up) in the production of energy. Through hydropower, the energy in falling water is converted into electricity without “using up” the water.

• Not long after the discovery of electricity, it was realized that a turbine’s mechanical energy could be used to activate a generator and produce electricity. The first hydroelectric power plant was constructed in 1882 in Appleton, Wisconsin. It produced 12.5 kilowatts of electricity which was used to light two paper mills and one home. • The largest project under construction is the Three Gorges at the Yangtze river in China. Proposed potential is 18.2 GW and the proposed power output is 85 TWh per year.

How Hydropower Works!

• Water from the reservoir flows due to gravity to drive the turbine.

• Turbine is connected to a generator.

• Power generated is transmitted over power lines.

How a Hydroelectric Power System Works - Part 1

Flowing water is directed at a turbine (remember turbines are just advanced waterwheels). The flowing water causes the turbine to rotate, converting the water’s kinetic energy into mechanical energy.

The mechanical energy produced by the turbine is converted into electric energy using a turbine generator. Inside the generator, the shaft of the turbine spins a magnet inside coils of copper wire. It is a fact of nature that moving a magnet near a conductor causes an electric current.

How a Hydroelectric Power System Works – Part 2

COUNTRY INSTALLED CAPACITY (GW)

TAJIKISTAN 4000

CANADA 66954

USA 79511

BRAZIL 57517

CHINA 65000

RUSSIA 44000

NORWAY 27528

JAPAN 27229

INDIA 22083

FRANCE 77500

Top ten countries (in terms of capacity)

Major Hydropower generating units

NAME STATA CAPACITY (MW)

BHAKRA PUNJAB 1100

NAGARJUNA ANDHRA PRADESH 960

KOYNA MAHARASHTRA 920

DEHAR HIMACHAL PRADESH 990

SHARAVATHY KARNATAKA 891

KALINADI KARNATAKA 810

SRISAILAM ANDHRA PRADESH 770

SELECTION OF SITE FOR HP

•Avaliability of water

•Water storage

•Large catchment area

•Water pollution

•Avaliability of land

Advantage’s• No fuel is required.

• The plant is highly reliable and cheapest in operation and maintenance.

• Dams are designed to last many decades and so can contribute to the generation of electricity for many years.

• When in use, electricity produced by dam systems do not produce green house gases. They do not pollute the atmosphere.

Disadvanage’s

• It required large area.

• Dams are extremely expensive to build and must be built to a very high standard.

• The flooding of large areas of land means that the natural environment is destroyed.

• The output of such plant is never constant, it dependence on rate of flow water.

Energy from Wind• Wind energy comes from wind turning

turbines to generate electricity.• It can only be used in regions that have

a lot of wind.• It is the fastest growing source of

alternative energy today.• Currently, about 2% of electricity in

U.S. is from wind. But, it is over 20% in Denmark!

Figure

Site Limitations

• The direction that wind travels in • angel of the turbine’s rotors are

– important limitations and considerations• Wind at a site is being slowed down by each turbine

– limit to the amount of individual units a site can support

• Birds

The wind blows day and night, which allows windmills to produce electricity throughout the day. (Faster during the day)

• Energy output from a wind turbine will vary as the wind varies, although the most rapid variations will to some extent be compensated for by the inertia of the wind turbine rotor.

• Wind energy is a domestic, renewable source of energy that generates no pollution and has little environmental impact. Up to 95 percent of land used for wind farms can also be used for other profitable activities including ranching, farming and forestry.

• The decreasing cost of wind power and the growing interest in renewable energy sources should ensure that wind power will become a viable energy source in the United States and worldwide.

Advantages of wind power

Wind Turbines and the Landscape

- Large turbines don’t turn as fast attract less attention

- City dwellers “dwell” on the attention attracted by windmills

Sound from Wind Turbines

- Increasing tip speed less sound

- The closest neighbor is usually 300 m experiences almost no noise

Birds often collide with high voltage overhead lines, masts, poles, and windows of buildings. They are also killed by cars in traffic. However, birds are seldom bothered by wind turbines.

The only known site with bird collision problems is located in the Altamont Pass in California.

Danish Ministry of the Environment study revealed that power lines are a much greater danger to birds than the wind turbines.

Some birds even nest on cages on Wind Towers.

Solar Energy

Major Uses of Solar Energy

oDaylightoDrying Agricultural ProductsoSpace HeatingoWater HeatingoGenerating Electrical PoweroConcentrating Solar Power (CSP)oPhotovoltaics

Generating Electrical Power

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)• Trough systems

• Power towers

Heat exchanger plus steam turbine

Photovoltaics• Small-scale (buildings)

kW production

• Large-scale (utilities) MW production

Photoelectric effect

PV Cell

PV Array Components

PV Cells Modules Arrays

PV System Components

Advantages of Solar Energy

• Clean• Sustainable• Free• Provide electricity to remote

places

Disadvantages of Solar Energy

Less efficient and costly equipment

Part Time Reliability Depends On

Location Environmental Impact of PV

Cell Production

Thank you….!

Any Queries ???