PREPARED BYNAME: DHARMESH TANK

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STREAM: AMIETE-CSSEMINAR CODE : AC-70

SUBMITTED TO,INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEER,AHMEDABAD 8/7/2011

oUTLINEHISTORY OF MATLAB

STRUCTURE OF MATLAB

MATLAB WINDOW

COMPARISION OF MATLAB

MATLAB PROGRAMMING

APPLICATIONS

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

MATLAB IN TODAY

HISTORY OF MATLAB

Engineering and scientific application involve lots of

“Numbering Crunching”.

Such crunching generated some problems:-

Loss of precision and inaccurate results.

Underflow, overflow and didn’t recognize degeneracy.

Insufficient coding of algorithm.

Programming errors.

The U.S. Govt. recognized these insufficient problems and

they commissioned “Numerical Analysis” to write good quality of algorithm for common tasks.

Continue.….Make the results freely available as "libraries" of

subroutines than anyone can use in their programs.

Numerical analysis is based on numerical libraries:

1. LINPACK (Linear Algebra/LAPACK)

2. EISPACK (Eigen values & Eigen vectors)

CLEVE MOLOER, mathematician, C.S. Professor, and co-author of LINPACK & EISPACK, thought this is still too much work “write FORTRAN command, debug, compile, run.....”.

He wanted to give students easy access to these libraries.

INVENTION OF MATLABThen in 1970 Mr. MOLOER wrote MATLAB, which is

referred as “MATrix LABoratory”.

It’s provides interactive environment, easy input-output, operation on whole vectors or matrix at once.

Matlab has the ability:-

Variable management

Data import and export

Calculation based on matrix

Generates plots and graphs

Continue….These qualities made it’s popularity through mouth

publication.

JACK LITTLE, an engineer recognize its commercial potential and joined with MOLOER & his friend STEVE BANGERT rewrote the MATLAB in C language with “M-FILES”(stored programs).

They established “MATHWORKS” company on DEC 7

1984 at Natick, Massachusetts, United States.

The “MATHWORKS” is now responsible for development, sale, and support for MATLAB.

WHAT IS MATLAB ?MATLAB is a fourth generation programming

language which provide numerical computing environment, data visualization, data analysis and interactive algorithm development feature.

MATLAB is a simple programming language with its own extensive library of mathematical (M-files)and graphical subroutines.

MATLAB is a software program that allows you to do data manipulation and visualization, calculations, math and programming. It can be used to do very simple as well as very sophisticated tasks.

FEATURES OF MATLAB

High level language for technical computing.

Development environment for manage code, files , data visualization.

Mathematical function for linear algebra, statistics, Fourier analysis.

Functions for integrating MATLAB based algorithms with external applications and languages, such as C, C++, Fortran,Java etc.

Use of toolboxes extend the MATLAB environment

to solve particular class of application problem.

STRUCTURE OF MATLAB

SERIES OF MATLAB

COMMAND (SCRIPT

FILE)

MATLAB

M FILE MAT FILECOMMAND

LINE

FUNCATIONDATA STORAGE/LOADING

COMMAND EXECUTIONLIKE DOS WINDOW

INPUT&

OUTPUT CAPABILITY

Files that contain computer code known as M FILE.

It have two types : 1)script file 2)function file

1) Script file: It don’t take i/p arguments or return o/p arguments.

2) Function file: whether this file take i/p arguments or return o/p arguments.

*.m is the extension of M files.

MAT FILE (*.mat) is created by MATLAB with save and read with load.

MEX FILE(*.mex) MATLAB callable codes compiled from other language.

Continue….

Command Windows: Where all commands and programs are run. Write the command or program name and hit Enter.

Command History: Shows the last commands run on the Command Windows. A command can be recovered clicking twice.

Current directory: Shows the directory where work will be done.

Workspace: To see the variables in use and their dimensions (if working with matrices)

BASIC ELEMENTS OF MATLAB

MATLAB window

COMMAND WINDOW

COMMAND HISTORY

CURRENT DIRECTORY & WORKSPACE

FORTRAN C MATLABREQUIRED DATATYPE (REAL,INTEGER, CHARACTER)

REQUIRED DATATYPES(double, int, char)

No data declaration required

! Comments % Comments /* Comments */

DO WHILE (a.EQ.0)

…….

ENDDO

While (a==0

{……;

}

While a==0

………

End

READ *,a scanf a=input(‘a :’)

WRITE printf fprintf

f 77 code.f cc code.c Interpreted

MATLAB PROGRAMMINGThere are no variable declaration necessary to perform

operation.MATLAB use control flow:-

The for loop:-syntax: for start : increment : end

command end

The while loop:-syntax: while expression

statementsend

If-else-end:-syntax: if expression

commands(evaluate if exp. Is true)else

commands(evaluate if exp. Is false)end

Switch case:-syntax: switch (expression)

case value 1(execute if exp. Evaluate case 1)commands

case value 2(execute if exp. Evaluate case 2)commands..

otherwisestatements

end

regular & Logical expression

A logical array of 1 (true) and 0 (false) values is returned as a result of applying logical operators to arrays;

Example :a = [4 0 -2 7 0]

1) a > 0 (Greater than)

ans =1 0 0 1 0

2) a == 7 (Equal to)

ans =0 0 0 1 0

3) a < 0 (Less than)

ans =0 0 1 0 0

4) a ~= 0 (Not equal to)

ans =1 0 1 1 0

5) (a >= 0) && (a <= 4) (Logical AND)

ans =1 1 0 0 1

6)(a < 0) | (a > 4) (Logical OR)

ans =0 0 1 1 0

7)~((a < 0) | (a > 4)) (Logical NOT)

ans =1 1 0 0 1

Matrix manipulation A =[1 2 3 4 ; 5 6 7 8]

A= 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

An empty array

A = [ ]

A = 1:5

A =1 2 3 4 5

A = 1:2:5

A =1 3 5

A = 10:-2:1

A=10 8 6 4 2

A = ones(1,5)

A =1 1 1 1 1

To create a identity

matrix:

eye(3)

ans =

1 0 0

0 1 0

0 0 1

Continue… A(:) (Convert matrix to column vector)

ans = 1

5

3

7

A = A(:)' (Convert matrix to row vector)

ans = 1 5 3 7

A = 1 2 3 4 5

sum(A) (Array summation)

ans =15

Eg: A = 1 2 3 4 5

cumsum(A) (Cumulative summation)

ans = 1 3 6 10 15

Eg: A = 1 3 45 7 8

sum(A) (Simple summation)ans = 6 10 12

sum(A,2) (Sum along rows)

ans = 8

20

sum(A,1) (Sum along columns)

ans = 6 10 12

sum(sum(A)) (Sum entire matrix)

ans =28

EXAMPLE: Plot the function sin(x) between

0≤x≤4π

Create an x-array of 100 samples between 0 and 4π.

Calculate sin(.) of the x-array

Plot the y-array

>>x=linspace(0,4*pi,100);

>>y=sin(x);

>>plot(y) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1. help / lists all operators and special characters, along

with their descriptions.

2. help functionname displays a brief description and the

syntax for functionname in the Command Window.

3. help methodname displays help for the method

methodname. You may need to qualify methodname

with its class.

4. help classname displays help for the class classname.

You may need to qualify classname with its package.

etc..

Useful command

>>help command

Application of matlabControl system design and Analysis.

Digital processing

Image & video processing and Computer vision

Computational Biology

Computational Finance

Mathematical Concepts(Magic square) and

Theory(Fibonacci series etc.)

Cryptography

Communication system

Advantage of matlab

MATLAB is provide its user accurate solution of the problems & produce code easily.

MATLAB code is optimized to be quick when performing matrix operation.

MATLAB is interpreted language, errors are easier to fix.

Give visualize results without the need for complicated and time consuming programming.

Inexpensive software.

WEAKNESS OF MATLAB

MATLAB is not a general purpose programming language.

MATLAB is interpreted language, make it some part slower then compiled language such C++

MATLAB is designed for scientific computation so it’s not suitable for some thing like(parsing text)

Matlab Today

Used to programs microprocessor and controller

A standard tool in both professional and academic use

"Toolboxes" providing functions for many applications:

control systems

identification

bio-informatics

statistics and time-series analysis

Can do symbolic mathematics, too.

Simulink: GUI based simulation tool

THANK YOU…..