PRESENTERNur Amira Binti Amirudin

SUPERVISORSr Dr Md Azree Othuman Mydin

We leadINTRODUCTION

“Lightweight foamed concrete defined as a cementitious material contain of 20% foam in slurry mortar”(Van Deijk, 1992)

“Lightweight foamed concrete defined as a cementitious material contain of 20% foam in slurry mortar”(Van Deijk, 1992)

“Lightweight foamed concrete consists of many air voids or cells or well known as cellular concrete. (Wan Abdullah Wan Alwi, 2009).

“Lightweight foamed concrete consists of many air voids or cells or well known as cellular concrete. (Wan Abdullah Wan Alwi, 2009).

“ Have suffered of challenges and obstacles of rising costs of building materials which directly will increase the overall construction cost” (CIDB, 2006)

“ Have suffered of challenges and obstacles of rising costs of building materials which directly will increase the overall construction cost” (CIDB, 2006)

“A wide range of densities from 550 to 1700 kg/m3 of foamed concrete can be produced ” (PCI Committee, 1997)

“A wide range of densities from 550 to 1700 kg/m3 of foamed concrete can be produced ” (PCI Committee, 1997)

We leadPROBLEM STATEMENT

Primary use of lightweight concrete material is to reduce the total loads of building.In construction industry usually use as non load bearing structure and less load impact.Shear connectors help in distribution of load impact, increase the strength, enhance the load bearing capacity

We leadOBJECTIVES

We leadLITERATURE REVIEW

We leadMETHODOLOGY

Dimensional view

We leadMETHODOLOGY

Compressive Test

We leadMETHODOLOGY

Mix Proportion

Material

Dry Density

(kg/m3)

Cement to sand

ratio

Water to

cement ratio

Cement content

(kg/m3)

Sand content

(kg/m3)

1400 1:2.3 0.43 45.15 103.84

700 1:2.3 0.43 10.68 16.02

We lead

DATA ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION

2.91

3.293.44

3.61 3.82

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

Ave

rage

Str

engt

h (

N/m

m2 )

No Screw 5 screws 7 screws 9 screws 13 screws

Number of Mechanical Connectors

Highest Strength 3.82 N/mm2

Lowest Strength 2.91 N/mm2

Graph 1 : Stress versus strain relationships of sandwich panel with 5 shear connectors

We lead

DATA ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION

Test designation

Number of Mechanical Connectors

Maximum Strain ()

Average Maximum Strain ()

Panel 5a5

0.000550.00056Panel 5b 0.00057

Panel 5c 0.00056Panel 7a

70.00047

0.00048Panel 7b 0.00049Panel 7c 0.00048Panel 9a

90.00044

0.00044Panel 9b 0.00041Panel 9c 0.00046

Panel 13a13

0.000360.00037 Panel 13b 0.00038

Panel 13c 0.00037Table 1 : Maximum strain () of composite panel under axial compression

Axial Stress-Strain Curve

We lead

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

0 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0004 0.0005 0.0006

Axial Strain

Axi

al S

tres

s (N

/mm

2 )

Panel 5aPanel 5bPanel 5c

Highest strain panel 5b 0.00057

Lowest strain panel 5a 0.00055

Graph 2 : Stress versus strain relationships of sandwich panel with 5 shear connectors

We lead

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

0 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0004 0.0005

Axial Strain

Axi

al S

tres

s (N

/mm

2 )

Panel 7aPanel 7bPanel 7c

Highest strain panel 7b 0.00049

Lowest strain panel 7a 0.00047

Graph 3 : Stress versus strain relationships of sandwich panel with 7 shear connectors

We lead

Graph 4 : Stress versus strain relationships of sandwich panel with 9 shear connectors

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

0 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0004 0.0005

Axial Strain

Axi

al S

tres

s (N

/mm

2 )

Panel 9aPanel 9bPanel 9c

Lowest strain panel 9b 0.00041

Highest strain panel 9c 0.00046

We lead

Graph 5 : Stress versus strain relationships of sandwich panel with 13 shear connectors

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

0 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0004 0.0005

Axial Strain

Axi

al S

tres

s (N

/mm

2 )

Panel 9aPanel 9bPanel 9c

Lowest strain panel 13a 0.00036

Highest strain panel 13b 0.00038

We lead

Mode of Failure

We leadCONCLUSION

The sandwich composite foamed concrete revealed can sustained the load bearing with increasing numbers of shear connector

Sample with shear connector achieved high performance in compressive strength

Insulation layer of 700 kg/m3 contributed in compressive strength with external composite 1400 kg/m3

We leadREFERENCES

• Aicher S. And Hofflin L. (1999). Long-term Performance Test of Eccentrically Loaded Sandwich Wall Elements With Wood-Based Skins. Otto-Graf-Journal, 10, pp:128-142

• American Concrete Institute (1989). ACI 213R. Guide For Structural Lightweight Aggregate Concrete. Farmington Hills, MI. American

Concrete Institute. • Benayoune, A, Samad, A.A.A., Abang, A.A.A. and Trikha, D.N. (2007a) Response of Precast Reinforced Composite Sandwich Panels to axial

Loading. Construction and Building materials. 21(3): 677-685. • Benayoune, A, Samad, A.A.A., Abang, A.A.A. and Trikha, D.N. and Ashrabov, A.A. (2006). Structural Behaviour of Eccentrically Loaded

Precast Sandwich Panels. Construction and Building materials. 20 (9): 713-724. • British Standard Institution (1991). Specifications for Portland Cement. London BS12.

• Einea, A, Salmon, D.C., Tadros, M.K and Culp, T. (1995). Partially Composite Sandwich Panel Deflection, ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering. 121(4): 778-83

• Jeom K. P., Thayamballi A. K,. And Kim G. S. (1999). The Strength Characteristics of Aluminium Honeycomb Sandwich Panels. Journal of

Thin-Walled Structures, 35, pp:205-231. Elsevier • Kamsiah Mohd Ismail, Mohamad Shazli Fathi, Norpadzlihatun Manaf (2003), Study of Lightweight Concrete Behaviour. Research report, pp.

3-28 • Mahfuz, H., Muhammad, S.I., Vijaya, K.R, Mrinal, C.S. and Shaik J. (2004) Response of Sandwich Composites with Nanophased Cores under

Flexural Loading. Composites :

We leadREFERENCES

• Neville, A.M. (2003). Properties of Concrete. 4th Edition, Essex, England. Pearson Education Limited. • N. Mohamad and N. Hassan. (2003). “The structural performance of precast lightweight foam concrete sandwich panel with single and

double shear truss connectors subjected to axial load,” Journal of Advanced Materials Research, vol. 634-638, pp:2746-2751. • Noridah Binti Mohamad. (2010) : The Structural Behaviour of Precast Lightweight Foamed Concrete Sandwich Panel As a Load Bearing

Wall. PhD Thesis. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia • PCI Committee (1997). Pre-Cast Concrete Sandwich Wall Panels, State of the Art of Precasr/Prestressed Sandwich Wall Panels. PCI 97 PCI

Journal. 42(2): 92-133. • Rosmawati Binti Othman. (2009). The Properties of No Fines Concrete Using Crushed Clay Bricks. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Degree Final

Year Project. • Salihuddin Radin Sumadi, Mahyuddin Ramli. (2008). Developemnt of Lightweight Ferrocement Sandwich Panels For Modular Housing and

Industrialized Building System. 73311 • Wan Abdullah Wan Alwi. (2009) : Strength and Durability of Lightweight Foam Concrete as Structural Material. PhD Thesis. Universiti Sains

Malaysia, pp. 5-354

• Van Deijk, S. Foamed Concrete. A Dutch View, 1992, pp. 2-8

Thank you

Presented byPresented byNur Amira Binti Amirudin| School of Housing, Building and PlanningNur Amira Binti Amirudin| School of Housing, Building and Planning