Presented by : VENUMADHAV.R.YEMUL

Guided by : MILIND.D.DARADERoll No : 5073

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Manpower, equipment, and materials are important project resources that require management attention.

The basic objective of resource planning and resource allocation is to supply and support the field operations.

The term resource allocation is used in the case where required resources are assigned such that available resources are not exceeded.

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Resources are the means of production

needed to complete a project.

Most project managers would consider the

big three resources that will require your

attention to be:

• Material

• Labor

• Equipment

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A. LABOUR

a. In the limited resource allocation case, there are two assumptions:

(1) There are a fixed number of crews available to perform the work and

(2) The project may be delayed as a result of the limitation of crews.

The objective of the resource allocation problem is to determine when the project will be completed.

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b. In the unlimited resource leveling case, there

are two assumptions:

(1) There are an unlimited number of crews

available to perform the work and

(2) The project may not be delayed.

The objective of the resource leveling

problem is to determine how to limit the

fluctuation in crews required on the job.

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B. MATERIALS

Materials, for projects with sufficient on-site

storage, are delivered to the site and assumed

to be available to workers as needed.

A material-related concern for sites that have

sufficient space is that of optimizing the position

of materials on the site so that they require the

least travel time from the lay-down yard to the

work-face.

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C. EQUIPMENTSThere are various types of equipment used on construction sites.

Some of this equipment should be considered in the project plan, some need not be included.

Workers, and their companies, are typically required to provide the small tools needed to complete their specific features of work.

There are some types of equipment, however, that can affect the overall sequence and duration of the project.

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Resource allocation is used to assign the

available resources in an economic way.

It is part of resource management.

In project management, resource allocation

is the scheduling of activities and the

resources required by those activities while

taking into consideration both the resource

availability and the project time.

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Resource planning cannot be accomplished

without four essential resources necessary

to accomplish the given scope of work:

• MATERIAL

• MAN POWER

• MACHINARY

• TIME

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Human resources for construction planning breaks down into three major categories as follows:

• Home office personnel(Administrative Persons)

• Construction personnel (field supervision and labor)

• Construction subcontractors(Electrification, Plumbing, etc)

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The ideal form of a personnel loading curves

is a trapezoid.

The average personnel loading curve is a

straight line.

Actual practice loading curves take the

shape of a bell curve

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The latter two result when the personnel

loading curves occur earlier or later than

planned on a project.

Front loaded curve- the work started as early

as possible.

Normal loaded curve- the work started at

normal time.

Back loaded curve- the work started as late

as possible.

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The "S" curve for the ideally loaded project has

a gradual start and finish, which indicates

smooth starting and finishing conditions.

The forward loaded curve shows a rapid project

start up and an even more gradual than normal

phase out at the end.

The backward-loaded project indicates a more

relaxed start and a very steep finish slope on

the "S" curve.

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Ensuring that the material resources for the

project arrive on time involves these

important planning areas:

• Long-delivery equipment

• Special materials and alloys

• Common materials in short supply

• Services and system requirements

• Transportation systems

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Resource Limited: The project must be finished as

soon as possible, but without exceeding some

specific level of resource usage or some general

resource constraint

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1. When the schedule demands more workers

per day than are available or if we have

workers standing around without jobs, we

have a problem.

2. When a new hire is trained, there is loss of

productivity. So, if we can keep the trained

people and reduce the number of new hires,

we should be better off.

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. As we know, every project suffers from start-up problems of some sort. Superintendents and project managers are very busy trying to get everybody working in a productivity manner. Therefore, if we can start with a small crew and increase its size gradually, we will eliminate some of the start-up problems.

. Most projects suffer from congestion around project completion time because of reduced work areas. Thus, if we can gradually reduce the crew size as we approach project completion, we can improve productivity by reducing congestion.

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The leveling procedure are as follows:

• Scheduling all the critical jobs first.

• Starting the non-critical jobs whenever there

is a drop in scheduled man power upto the

point where the peak is reached.

• Starting the non-critical jobs whenever there

is a drop so that no ups and downs occur in

the resource profile.

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› Time Limited: The project must be finished by a

certain time, using as few resources as possible.

But it is time, not resource usage, that is critical

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Resource Histograms:

• A bar chart showing the amount of timeassigned to a resource for the time interval.

• Resource availability is depicted as a line forcomparison purposes.

• Resources assigned more work thanavailable hours are considered “over-allocated”.

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INTRODUCTION

ERP is a business management software, usually a suite of integrated applications, that a company can use to store and manage data from every stage of business, including:

Product planning, cost and development

Manufacturing

Marketing and sales

Inventory management

Shipping and payment

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ERP systems could be used in the construction industry for the following general purposes:

1. To improve responsibilities in relation to customers.

2. To strength supply chain partnerships.

3. To enhance organizational flexibility.

4. To improve decision-making capabilities.

5. To reduce project completion time and cost.

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Without the proper resource allocation, one willpay the price for late job completions and costoverruns.

The goal of resource leveling is to assignresources to project activities in a manner thatwill improve productivity and efficiency.

During the last two decades, the constructionindustry has progressed in this trend ofimproving resource allocation it merely out ofinterest but as a means of survival in a morecompetitive world.

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