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Requirements Quality Managementat the Airbus Group
Jean Claude Roussel:Airbus Group
Jose Fuentes:The REUSE Company
www.reusecompany.com
2 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
AIRBUS GROUP AT A GLANCE
3 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
WHY AIRBUS PROMOTES RE?
Source: INCOSE HandbookTime
Cum
ulat
ive
perc
enta
geLif
ecyl
ce C
ost
OperationsthroughDisposal
100%Production
and test
50%
8%Design
15% 20%Concept
Commited Costs
3-6x
500-1000x
20-100x
Development
4 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
WHY AIRBUS PROMOTES RE?
50%
29%
21%
30%
52%
18%
20%
22%
58%
Requirements Engineering Capability
Proj
ect P
erfo
rman
ces
Correlation between Project Performances andRequirement Engineering Capability
Source : Report on SE Effectiveness Survey NDIA-IEEE-SEI/CMU-INCOSE Nov 2012
5 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
70% of defects are introduced during requirements phases It is important to write effective Requirements
Experiences show that about 25% of system Requirements are criticaland can be improved (re-written) No Shall: 8 to 10% Forbidden words: 10 to 15% Subject, multiple objects, design: 15% Incorrect grammar: 50%, …
Requirements error costs are high Fixing requirements after delivery may cost up to 100 times the one for fixing a
requirement error
Training, best practices and verifying requirements by reviews can help toget complete and consistent requirements: But the process is costly and time consuming
THE PROBLEM
6 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
Increase and improve the requirements quality control process to producebetter (Correct – Consistent – Complete) requirements Specifications
Reduce the number of iterations of the internal review processes
Reduce the number of iterations between System Engineers and sub-contractors and improve the verification activities
Promote requirements quality management during authoring (before controlactivities) Produce CCC requirements “right the first time”
THE GOAL
7 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
A FIRST ANSWER:
Requirements Quality Analyzer (RQA) Tool
Delivered by TRC (The Reuse Company)– Completely linked with IBM DOORS RMS– Focusing on Syntactic analysis and Semantic analysis
Tool evaluation– Airbus Group Innovations– Airbus Defense and Space Close cooperation with Tool vendor in order to improve the tool
Tool deployment– Airbus (Commercial Aircraft) A320neo Cabin Flex, A330neo
– Airbus Defense and Space Satellites, ARIANE 6 and M51 (English and French version)
8 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
AIRBUS DEPLOYMENT SCENARIO:
Provide End Users (requirements authors) with the capabilityto improve their requirements quality.
Context :• A320neo: around 250 users (100 Requirements Modules)
Constraints:• No additional trainings for end users
Request:• All information available in IBM DOORS environment
Our retained solution:• Tool used in batch mode, on weekly basis for instance• Results of analysis available in DOORS modules thanks to specific views and a detailed
report available outside DOORS
Our next expectation:• Real time analysis of the Requirements quality in DOORS environment• Real time support to elicit a requirement
9 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
PROS & CONSof Requirements Quality Analysis
RQA V14.1 Good tool (Airbus feedback) but quite complex to use and parameterize
Process Approach Improve Tools integration with existing ones
Simplify complex loop (writing checking : traceability & quality updating)
Needs for future Switch from a posteriori quality analysis to instant checking (RAT) Implement on-the-fly process allowing requirements capture & checking, to be performed
simultaneously
Assume tools evolution, tools integration Imply teams adherence and specially the quality teams Not so easy!
Define standard requirements patterns per domain to be used as statement based templates bythe writer to compose his/her system requirements (patterns/boilerplates)
10 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
V4 Control V15 Authoring V16 Global Quality
NEXT STEP: From Analysis to Authoring
RQAV4
RQSV15
xQSV16
Sem
antic
s
CCC +Authoring
Syntactic +SemanticCheck
Full Qualitycontrol and
Reuse
11 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
NEXT STEP:
From Requirements Analysis to Requirements Authoring
Requirements Quality Control:Huge review effort for quality verification
My tailor is rich
I should need RAT
Requirements Writing:Working with requirements inside DOORS
Share quality responsibility between Quality Control and Development Allow a «Right the first time» principle
Whatever is produced, it has the best quality since the beginning
Guide Requirements authors to write CCC requirements on the fly Suggest Requirements structure, subjects, errors or quality measurements
12 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
REQUIREMENTS AUTHORING
So far RQA V4 was a verification tool:– Checking the quality of individual requirements once they are written
– Based on +25 metrics
– Checking the consistency of the overall specification
RQA has evolved towards the Requirements Quality Suite (RQS) in V15– Supports the CCC approach (Correctness, Consistency and Completeness)
– V15 is mainly focused on “authoring”
– RQS suite: Includes RQA, Requirements Authoring Tool (RAT) and KM
RAT: “The SMARTer* way to create requirements”:An assistant to Engineers during the authoring processIncluding a wide set of customizable boilerplatesHelping Engineers during authoring with an intellisense system
* SMART stands for Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realisable,Traceable
12
13 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
Requirements Quality Control:Huge review effort for quality verification
Requirements Quality Assurance:Authoring “right the first time” on top of DOORS
My tailor is rich
I should need RAT
Requirements Writing:Working with requirements inside DOORS
Requirements Quality Control:Smaller review effort for quality verification
REQUIREMENTS AUTHORING
14 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
The Requirements Quality Suite (RQS)
The Requirements Quality Suite (RQS) intends to tackle requirements quality management byoffering a set of tools and processes
Automatic measurement of requirements quality metric
Support to Requirements Authoring
RQS models requirements quality metrics using the CCC approach (Correctness, Consistencyand Completeness)
Requirements Quality Analyzer (RQA):to setup, check and manage the quality of arequirements specification
Requirement AuthoringTool (RAT):to assist authors while they are creating orediting requirements
knowledgeMANAGER:to manage knowledge around a requirementsspecification: the ontology it is based on, thestructure of the requirements to be used in theproject, the communication between authors anddomain architects
15 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
The Requirements Quality Suite
RQA – Requirements Quality Analyzer:Configures RQS with the quality policies and checklist of your organization
Checks the correctness of your requirements specification
CCC: Correctness, Consistency and Completeness Analysis
RAT – Requirements Authoring Tool:Write your requirements easily by using an assistant: pattern based
Correctness analysis on the fly
Consistency analysis on the fly
knowledgeMANAGER:Management of all the domain knowledge behind the quality analysis
Management of glossaries, taxonomies, thesauri and ontologies
Management of requirements Patterns to be used by RQA and RAT
16 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
Quality Features: CCC support in RQA V15
Correctness
Completeness
Consistency
Incompletenessby comparison
(models)
Incompleteness betweenHigh-Low levelspecifications
Redundantrequirements
Text analysismetrics
Inconsistent Units
RMSmetrics
Semanticmetrics
Structuralmetrics
Over-completeness
InconsistentProperties
17 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
Quality Functions
Correctness metrics are quantitative.
Correctness metric values are calculated counting itemsExample: Metric Text length in words => Counts the number of words.
The process is simplified by using interval quality functions
Metrics use one of the following quality functions:
textLength()Q
High
Med
Low
1 5 10 … 80 90
18 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
Pattern based Features: RAT V15
Patterns:Represents the structures every correct requirement should meetDifferent types of requirements different patternsCustomizable for every domain, customer and content of each requirementsdocumentLibraries available with sets of patternsRepresented as a sequential set of restrictions: placeholders
When <Event> <Component> Shall <Action> <Object> Time_constraint
19 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
Summary of features
Fully customizable+60 out-of-the-box quality metrics for correctness+20 out-of-the-box quality metrics for completeness and consistencyParameterized metricsCustom-coded metricsSupport for requirements verificationSupport for Requirements authoringRequirements identification in non-structured sourcesReporting system at different levels of detailKnowledge management and semantic approachSemantic search engine and requirements reuse
20 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
The Requirements Quality Suite
Other characteristics:Available connectors:
Available languages:
(*)
21 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
RQA Demo Video
22 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
Requirements Authoring Tool – RAT V15.1
Requirementsauthoring
topics
On-the-flyquality
checkingConsistentvocabulary
Consistencyin terms ofgrammar
Completenessin terms of
requirements
Completenessin terms ofspecification
Consistencyamong
requirements
Consistencyrequirements
vs. Models
Requirementsreuse
Support totraceability
Requirementsauthoring
topics
On-the-flyquality
checkingConsistentvocabulary
Consistency interms ofgrammar
Completenessin terms of
requirements
Completenessin terms ofspecification
Consistencyamong
requirements
Consistencyrequirements
vs. Models
Requirementsreuse
Support totraceability
23 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
RAT Demo Video
24 May 28, 2015© Airbus Group and The REUSE Company
CONCLUSION – KEY MESSAGES
Requirements Quality : A key element in product developmentThe need for Quality Analysis of Requirements in Product Development is no morequestionable, feedbacks on relevancy and efficiency are clear
Requirements Quality : An activity at operational level todayWithin Airbus (A320neo and A330neo regularly)Within Airbus Defense and Space (Satellites, ARIANE 6 and M51)
Moving from “a posteriori check” of Requirements to “on the fly check” (real time)of Requirements
Engineers are guided in real time for Requirements Authoring to write well structured,consistent and pertinent Requirements
A new role called “Knowledge Manager” to build and maintain Ontologies isemerging
Setting up and maintaining Ontologies need to define a new dedicated role in theEngineering Competencies
http://www.reusecompany.com
@ReuseCompany
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