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MALAVIYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JAIPURA

PRACTICAL TRAINING SEMINARON

“SOLAR PANEL & EMT PRODUCTION”

TAKEN ATRAJASTHAN ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTS LTD.

KANAKPURA, JAIPUR

Submitted to: Submitted by: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PAWAN KUMAR JANGID (MALAVIYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 2013UEE1166 JAIPUR 302017) 7TH semester, B.Tech.

SESSION (2016-17)

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COMPANY PROFILE Industry Rajasthan Electronics &

Instrumentation Ltd, Jaipur

situated at the Kanakpura Industrial area, Jaipur It is a Public Sector Undertaking.

It is a joint venture between Gov. of India And

Gov. of Rajasthan.

Shareholding Pattern

1) Gov. of India 51% Holding

2) Gov. of Rajasthan 49% Holding

Started operations in Agro-Dairy division in 1982

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Entered the area of Renewable Energy through SPV technology in 1985

conferred the status of a ‘MINI RATNA’ by the Ministry of Heavy Industries &

Public Enterprises, Government of India in 1997.

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CONTENTS RENEWABLE ENERGY

Solar Photo Voltaic Module

1) Introduction

2) How PV cells work ?

3) Manufacturing process of SPV Modules

4) Features & applications of SPV cells

ELECTRONIC MILK TESTER

1) Introduction

2) working principle

3) Features of EMT

Conclusion

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Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV)Modules

Cells are made up of silicon.

SPV connected assembly of solar cells.

SPV module is used to convert sun light into electrical energy.

Output of each cell is 0.5 - 0.6 volt DC.

Output Current depends on Area of the cell and the amount of Light falling.

Higher voltages and current are obtained by connecting these cells in series or

parallel according to the requirement.

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SPV MODULE

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They are made up of Silicon which is a semi conducting material.

These material absorb the sunlight , thereby knocking out loose electrons

from their atoms, allowing the electrons to flow through the material to

produce electricity.

This process of converting light (photons) to electricity (voltage) is called

the Photovoltaic (PV) Effect

This energy is stored in batteries and can be used in night hours.

How PV Cells Work?

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The Solar Panel trap the energy from the sun during daytime whose output is fed to

a charge controller which is then fed to the battery . DC circuits are directly fed but

AC is produced with the help of an inverter which is then forwarded to an AC

load .

Conversion of Solar energy into Electricity

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Characteristics of SPV modules

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Manufacturing Process ofSPV Modules

Tabbing Of Cells

Row Making

Stringing

Lay- Up

Lamination

Curing

Trimming

Channeling

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Manufacturing Processin Detail

1. Tabbing of Cells Process of making terminals of a bare cell by soldering copper strips to the bus bar.

Tabbing

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2. Row Making A row of cells is made by connecting positive surfaces of one cell to the negative

surface of another cell.

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Row of cells

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3. Stringing The rows of SPV cells are connected in series to get desired power rating. This process is called stringing.

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3.1 Stringing checking This String is checked visually for any kind of faults. Reverse string Dry point Dry soldering Loose connection

3.2 Lay-up In this process, solar

cells are put in between various layers for lamination and curing process. Laminating materials are

Top glass EVA sheet

Height & Angle adjustment support

EVA sheet

Mounting plateEVA sheet

Solar Cells

TOP GLASS

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4. Lamination Solar cells are laminated between back sheet (Polyester Taddler) and high transitivity toughened glass. EVA is used to provide environmental

protection. The designed lay up is sand-witched

between these layers. This process takes place at1100C for 11

minutes.

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5. Curing This process comes after the lamination to attain the full strength of

laminating material.

The module is placed into 120oC temperature for 20 minutes.

6. Electrical Inspection

This process is done to check the output performance of the module

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7. Channeling

Modules are channelled from all the four sides.

Anodized aluminium frames are used for channelling.

Channels prevent any damage to the module.

A terminal box is also fitted for external connections.

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TabbingProcess of making

terminals on a bare cell by soldering copper strips to

the bus bar.

Stringing & String checking

Four rows are connected in series to give a total of

36 cells in series connection.

Lay upProcess of placing

laminating material to the either side of the string.

Laminationlaminating materials are attached to the string on

both sides

CuringDone to attain the full strength of laminating

material

Trimming & InspectionExtra laminating material

is cut and string is checked

ChannelingTo provide structural

support to the module, channels are fixed around

it

Terminal box fitting and soldering Final Inspection

STORAGE

If, not okay

If, okay

PRODUCTION OF AN

SPV MODULE

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Pros & Cons of PV Cells

Can be designed for variety of applications and operational requirements.

Have no moving parts.

Expandable.

Transportable.

The fuel (sunlight) is free.

No noise pollution or any other type of pollution.

Requires minimum maintenance.

Have long service lifetimes (upto 20 years).

FEATURES :-

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Pros & Cons of PV Cells(Contd..)

High Cost.

Large Surface Area.

Doesn’t work at night.

Not reliable unless kept in a very sunny climate.

Disadvantages

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Application of SPVSPV Home Lightening System

SPV water Pumping System

SPV Dusk Dawn System

SPV Street Lightening System

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Electronic Milk Tester

It is an instrument which is used for the measurement of fat percentage in milk.

Percentage of fat content is displayed quickly and accurately on a digital readout.

Operates on AC-mains as well as on battery.

It doesn't use any type of corrosive chemical.

Much better than old traditional methods.

Several thousand small and large dairies and Village Milk Collection Centers are

being benefited with its use.

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Working Principle

It works on the photometric measurement of light scattered by the fat

globules present in the milk sample.

Proteins, SNF, lactose may also affect measurement. Dissolve them using

diluent.

To make fat globules same size a homogenizer section is used.

6.20Photocell

Photo lamp Digital ReadoutCuvette

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PHOTOCELL

MILK SAMPLE

DISPENSER UNIT DILUENT

HOMOGENIZER

PHOTO METER

DIGITAL READOUT

Procedure

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1. MILK IN

(i) Gently shake milk sample.

(ii) Place sample under milk intake.

(iii) Push milk in button.

2.. MIX OUT

(i) Empty mix beaker.

(ii) Place mix beaker under milk

intake.

(iii) Push mix out button.

STEP 1

STEP 2

How to Measure

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3. PUMP

(i) Move mix beaker to mix

intake.

(ii) Raise and lower handle three

times.

4. READ

(i) Read the fat percentage in

display and record it.

STEP 3

STEP 4

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Features of EMTOperate on AC mains as well as battery.

Performs 110-130 samples per hour.

Instant measurement and display of milk fat.

Instant calculation of amount payable.

Printing facility.

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Conclusion

This training made me learn the practical aspects of engineering.

It gave me experience of working in a professional environment with

professional people at a professional place.

I have learnt adjusting myself to the hectic schedule and workload which I

will have to face in the future.

Given me an idea regarding how the theoretical things are put into

application and the errors that are encountered during execution.

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