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TECHVILLA
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DAY 1OPERATING SYSTEMSOperating systems in embedded industry, introduction to Unix/linux
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Introduction to operating systems. Operating system is an interface between user and the physical
machine.
User application
Operating system
Hardware
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Features of an OS
Service provider:• File system• Standard libraries• Window systemCoordinator:• Protection: prevent jobs from interfering with each other.• Communication: enable jobs to interact with each other.• Resource management: facilitate sharing of resources across jobs.Operating systems are everywhere:• Single function devices(embedded controllers,robots…) OS provides a collection of standard services. Sometimes OS/middleware distinction is blurry.• Multi-fuction/application devices(workstations and servers) OS manages application interactions.
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Why do we need operating systems?
Provide higher level of abstraction to physical resources.
Enable construction of complex software systems.
Enable portable code.
Share limited or expensive physical resources.
Provide protection
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Abstract View of System
System and Application ProgramsSystem and Application Programs
Operating SystemOperating System
Computer Hardware
Computer Hardware
User1
User1 User
2
User2
User3
User3
... Usern
Usern
Databasesystem
Text editorassemblercompiler
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Embedded Systems
One of the most important and widely used categories of operating systems
Hardware and software designed to perform a dedicated function
Tightly coupled to their environment
Often, embedded systems are part of a larger system or product, E.G. antilock braking system in a car.
This imposes real-time constraints by the need to interact with the environment. required speeds of motion,
required precision of measurement,
required time durations.
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Example:- Refrigerator
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Embedded Systems design
Typical embedded software components:
Embedded Application Code
Device Drivers
A Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)
Hardware abstraction layer(s)
System initialization routines
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CPU
DataMemory
ProgramMemory
AnalogFront End
Digitali/p Ports
Comms:ASC, SSC,USB, IIC,IrDA, etc.
User InterfaceModules
D/A, Isolation..
Digitalo/p Ports
Support:TimersWatchdog
Data Bus
Address Bus
interrupts
OUTPUTS
Links to Other Systems
INPUTS
User Interface
Digital i/p
Analog i/p
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Industry applications
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Introduction to Linux
1. Personal Workstation2. File and Print Server3. Internet Service Provider4. Three-tier Client/Server5. Turnkey System
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Using Linux on Personal Computers
Linux kernel for free
Kernel is central component
Kernel can be customized to user’s needs
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Linux Distributions
• Corel Linux
• Debian GNU/Linux
• OpenLinux (Caldera)
• Red Hat
• Slackware
• SuSE
• TurboLinux
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Linux vs. Windows
OS does not have to use a graphical interface. The OS itself (the kernel) is incredibly small. The GUI just another application (or set of applications) that can be
installed and run on top the existing text-based OS. File system differences.
Windows typically uses FAT32 or NTFS file systems. Linux typically uses the ext2 or ext3 file systems In much larger research and university environments, where file access is
necessary across the network, something like Network File System (NFS) or
the Andrew File System (AFS) is used. We use AFS here on GL at UMBC. Windows lists all drives separately (A:,C:,D:, etc…), with “My Computer”
at the highest level. UNIX starts its highest level at “/” and drives can be mounted anywhere
underneath it.
