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Under the guidance ofSanthosh K.G
Assistant professorMechanical engineering
M.I.T Mysore
A Technical Seminar on
WATER PURIFICATION USING
SOLAR STILL
Submitted by
Mohamed Shakeeb Ahmed
4MH11ME069
1
INTRODUCTION
• A solar still is a simple way
of distilling water.
• It uses solar energy to distill the water.
• It removes impurities such as salt and
other microbiological organisms.
2
Water Impurities
• Suspended particles.
• Dissolved inorganic salts.
• Dissolved organic compounds.
• Micro-organisms.
• Pyrogens.
3
Types of purification
• Distillation.
• Vapour compression.
• Reverse osmosis.
4
Benefits of Distillation
• It produces water of high quality.
• Maintenance is almost negligible.
• Any type of water can be purified into potable water
by means of this process.
• Wastage of water will be minimum.
5
Types of solar still
• Spherical solar still.
• Hemispherical solar still.
• Pyramid solar still.
6
Spherical solar still
7
Hemispherical solar still
8
Pyramid solar still
9
Working of solar still
10
Concept for making a good solar
still• The cover can be either glass or plastic.
• Glass is preferable to plastic because most plastic
degrades in the long term due to ultra violet light
from sunlight.
• The use of the mirror reflector will increase the
temperature of the solar still basin.
• Sufficient Insulations of wool, thermocol, sealants
etc. must be provided inside the basin in order to
prevent loss of heat.
11
Estimation of water output
Estimate: 3.91 liters/𝒎𝟐 /day
Q=𝑨.𝑬.𝑮
𝟐.𝟑
A = Aperture area of the still in 𝒎𝟐
E = Efficiency of the still usually taken as 50%
G = Global radiation energy in MJ/𝒎𝟐(Approx. 18 MJ/𝒎𝟐)
12
Advantages
• Free of charge sun energy (during sunlight it
eliminates 500 Watt electric consumption per one
hour of sunlight).
• There are no moving parts; it is therefore reliable and
almost maintenance free (cleaning is required
though).
• Water taste is claimed to be better since the device
act as a Solar Water Vaporizer and it doesn’t boil the
water (resembling rain water).
• Neutral pH is claimed (like rainwater), not like the
not neutral pH of steamed distilled water. 13
Disadvantages
• Low distillate output per unit area.
• Leakage of vapour through joints.
• High maintenance.
• Productivity decreases with time for a variety of
reasons.
14
Case study
Fig: 12 Array Solar Still System
1.
15
2.
Fig: Flat Plate Solar Still
16
Conclusion
• It was found from the experimental analysis that
increasing the ambient temperature from 32°C to
47°C will increase the productivity by approximate
12 to 23%.
• It was observed that when the water depth increases
from 0.01m to 0.03m the productivity decreased by
5%.
• Solar still productivity can also increase by use of
reflector by 3%.
• Capital cost can be reduced by using different designs
and new materials for construction of solar stills.17
THANK YOU
18