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…that saves the system from blackout without additio nal vital load disconnection
From a business-as-usual Top-Down power flow…
The penetration of Distributed Generation is willing to damage the load-shedding capacity ofhistoric Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) protection schemes, especially in poorlyinterconnected grids. The introduction of a new frequency-controlled reserves promoted by thepresent Primary Support concept appears as a promising way to guarantee the System Securityin the future. Primary Support leads on a coordinated modulation of non-vital distributed loads.
Distributed and Coordinated Demand Response for Frequency-controlled reserve supply n°462969G. Lebel1,2, D. Wang 1, R. Caire1 & N. HadjSaid1
S. Bediou² & A. Glatigny²1Univ. Grenoble Alpes, G2Elab, F-38000 Grenoble, France / CNRS, G2Elab, F-38000 Grenoble, France ²Energy Division, Schneider Electric Industries F-38000 Grenoble, France
A new paradigm ofDG penetration onsystem security…
a VPP that coordinates distributed loads modulation for Ancillary Services supply to the Utilities
VIRTUAL POWER PLANT (VPP), DEMAND RESPONSE (DR), SMART GRID, POWER SYSTEM STABILITY, FREQUENCY CONTAINMENT RESERVE (FCR)
KEY WORDS
@gaspardlebel
gaspard-lebel
… to a DG-penetration down the Primary Substation’s UFLS relays…
… willing to weaken the UFLS protection plan up to a Black-out.
Kuching Island response to a loss of its interconnection
cable with / without Primary Support
Detailed power and consumption flows variation with
Primary Support
• Deploy DER controllers which embed asub-meter and frequency-controlled relays,with remotelly controllable threshold
• Gather the effective power consumption ofeach load
• Build a stairs droop curve that approachthe conventional droop curve of bulkgeneration unit by assigning a specificthreshold to each load
• Send down the frequency threshold toeach DER controller
1
3
2
4
… solved by a complementarycoordinated load modulationprocess…
49.4Hz 49.8Hz
Limit of robustness of Kuching Island UFLS plan face to RES-E penetration
Bulk Generation
UFLS relays
Primary Substation
Top-down power flow
Unique Interconnectionsubjected to tripping
1pu = 282MW
0.48 pu
Kuching Island
1pu = 282MW
Kuching Island
UFLS relays
Primary Substation
Top-down & down-
only flows0.34 pu
0.14 pu
Bulk Generation
Unique Interconnectionsubjected to tripping
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
4747.5
4848.5
4949.5
5050.5
51
0% of RES-E10% of RES-E30% of RES-E
Impact of Reference Incident (0.48pu) on Kuching Island, depending on RES-E penetration
Time (in s)0 5 10 15 20 25 30
-0.5
-0.3
-0.1
0.1
Fre
quen
cy (
in H
z)P
ow
er v
aria
tion (
in p
u)
0.25pu =
200 x
