Energy Sector Pakistan

Syed Salman Haider NaqviDepartment of MechanicalNED University of Engineering and Technology

Electricity in PakistanElectricity in Pakistan is generated, transmitted, distributed, and retail supplied by two vertically integrated public sector utilities: Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) for all of Pakistan (except Karachi), and the Karachi Electric (K-Electric) for the city of Karachi and its surrounding areas. There are around 42 independent power producers (IPPs) that contribute significantly in electricity generation in Pakistan.

Current CapacityTotal installed capacity: 23,928 MW (2015)

Electricity – Sources (2014) fossil fuel – 14,635 MW – 64.2% of total(oil-35.2% + gas-29%)hydro – 6,611 MW – 29% of totalnuclear – 1,322 MW – 5.8% of total

The average demand is17,000 MW whereas, shortfall between 5,000 MW and 6,000 MW. There are four major power producers in country: WAPDA, K-Electric, IPPs and Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC).

Major Power Plants of PakistanWAPDA, PAEC, K-Electric and some Independent Power Producers IPPs are as followed.

Power PlantsCompany Location Capacity

WAPDA (HYDEL)

Tarbela Dam 3478 MW

Mangla Dam 1000 MW

Ghazi-Barotha Hydropower Project 1450 MW

WAPDA (THERMAL)

Guddu Thermal Power Plant 1655 MW

Muzaffargarh Thermal Power Plant 1350 MW

Jamshoro Thermal Power Plant 850 MW

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Power PlantsCompany Location Capacity

K-Electric

Thermal Power Station, Bin Qasim I 1260 MW

CCPP, Bin Qasim II 560 MW

Thermal Power Station, Korangi 316 MW

PAEC

KANUPP 137 MW

CHASNUPP-1 325 MW

CHASNUPP-2 325 MW

CHASNUPP-3 340 MW

CHASNUPP-4 340 MW

PEPCO Nandipur Power Project 425 MW

Solar Park Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park, Bahawalpur 400 MW

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Power PlantsCompany Location Capacity

IPPs

AES Lalpir Limited, Mehmood Kot 362 MW

AES Pak Gen, Mehmood Kot 365 MW

HUBCO Hub Power Plant, Hub 1292 MW

Kot Addu Power Company Limited 1638 MW

Lucky Electric Power Company Limited 660 MWUch (Uch-I and Uch-II) Power Limited, Dera

Murad Jamali 990 MW

Engro Powergen Qadirpur Limited, Ghotki 226.5 MW

Express Tribune Report:As on June 30, 2015, the total installed capacity of the country was 24,823 MW; of which the share of thermal power plants was 16,814 MW (67.74%) followed by hydel power plants 7,116 MW (28.67%), nuclear power plants 787 MW (3.17%) and wind power plant 106 MW (0.43%).

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2

3

4

56

7

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11

1955-1960 168 MW

101%

1960-1965 550 MW

82%

78%

53%

73%

50%

46%

86%

6%

1965-1970 815 MW

1970-19751,743 MW

1978-19833,280 MW

1983-19884,809 MW

1988-19936,716 MW

1993-19989,786 MW

1998-200315,421 MW

2005-201020,289 MW

2010-201520,782 MW

ENERGY PRODUCTION PLAN 1955-2010

Production Plan

Success Rate

CPEC and it’s Impact on Power SectorElectricity generation has increased by 3.18% in 2015 as a result of Government of Pakistan (GoP) efforts and China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The country has begun diversifying its energy producing capacity by investing in coal, nuclear energy, solar energy and wind energy to help offset the energy shortage while larger projects greater than 1000 MW such as the Diamer-Bhasha Dam, Kohala Hydropower Project, Pakistan Port Qasim Power Project, Sahiwal Coal Power Project, Thar Engro Coal Power Project, Hub Coal Power Project and new nuclear plants are now under construction or planned.

CPEC Projects – Due 2020Power Stations Capacity

Pakistan Port Qasim Power Project. 1320 (2x660MW)

Sahiwal Coal Power Project 1320 (2x660MW)

Rahimyar Khan coal power project 1320 (2x660MW)

Thar SSRL coal power project and mine 1320 (2x660MW)

Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park 1000MW

Suki Kinari Hydropower Project 870MW

Karot Hydropower Project 720MW

HUBCO coal power project 660MW

Thar Engro Coal Power Project 660 (2x330MW)

Gwadar coal power project 300MW

UEP Windfarm 100MW

Others* 50x3MW

Classification Of Power Plants

Hydel Power PlantsIt is said that Pakistan could produce upto 40,000MW through Hydel Energy yet it consumes less than 20% of its resource. The Hydel Contribution to power sector is only 7,116MW. Pakistan’s major Hydro Electric Power Plants are enlisted here WAPDA Hydro Electric Stations

Nuclear Power StationsAs of 2017 the net addition to grid through Nuclear Power Station is 1,467MW. With Chasnupp and Kanupp extension underway and due till 2020. Net +4200MW addition to the grid is expected by 2020. For detailed specifications visit here.

Thermal Power StationsThey are further classified as• Oil Fired – 35.2%• Gas Fired – 29%• Coal Fired – 1.2%

Oil FiredThe major share of Oil fired plants raise a startling concern as it contributes to loss of foreign exchange and with hiking oil prices per unit cost Rs./KWh has also increased. Oil Fired Plants add +8000MW to the grid as of 2013 survey.

Gas FiredHaving world’s largest gas reserves quickly deplating. Gas Fired Plants add +6900MW to the grid. Being cheaper compared to HSD and HFO, it’s the best alternative to produce cheaper electricity.

Coal FiredPakistan have large coal reserves. Its estimated that 40000MW could be recovered for next 100 years. Yet due to environmental policies and coal quality the projects are limited. +300MW has been added to grid as of 2013

Dawn News Report:The coal power plant will have two units each with a combined capacity of 1320MW. One unit (holding 660MW capacity) is expected to be completed by the end of 2017 and the other by March 2018.

The project adopts the world’s leading super-critical thermal technology and will also follow environment-friendly operations, including seawater desalination and flue gas de-sulfurization.

Inefficiencies of Thermal Power StationsMaintaining a Power Plant is as important as operating the system. Guddu and BQPS I – KE are nearing their life cycle with inefficiencies having its toll. Guddu being a Thermal Power Station at its optimum has 35% net efficiency which has downgraded to only 30% similarly BQPS-I is not running on full load due to technology upgrade and maintenance issues.

Era Of Gas Engines and Combine Cycle Power PlantsGas engines are popular as power developing propulsion engines and have contributed millions of MegaWatts worldwide. A simple cycle Gas Turbine engine can yield coupe up 45% Net efficiency. And when coupled with a Steam Turbine engine the CCPP can yield upto 55-65% Net efficiency, depending upon the technology it’s equipped with.

Currently +6700MW have been added to the Grid through CCPP. The highly efficient Power Plants yield best economy. Per unit cost Rs./KWh is cheaper compared to other technologies.

ConclusionPakistan’s Power Sector is fast evolving. The production has gone 2.5x in last 10 year plan. Through China Pakistan Economic Corridor – CPEC upto 10,000MW would be added to the Grid by 2020. Suppressing the Shortfall and featuring job opportunities. Furthermore more efficient Super Critical Plants are being established with 42% Net Efficiency and other Combined Cycle Power Stations are part of the “Early Harvest – Energy Project”.

Click here to view CPEC Projects