power plant engineering

jahangirabad institute of technology

POWER PLANT ENGINEERING

NME:801

Presented byMD GULFARAZ ALAMAssistant professorJETGI Barabanki


Introduction

The entire world is in the grip of energy crisis and cost of energy and

uncomforted due to increase in pollution as well as the depletion of

conventional energy resources

A power plant is assembly of systems or subsystems to generate electricity.

It is commonly accepted that the standard of living increases with

increasing energy consumption per capita.

A power plant may be defined as a machine or assembly of equipment that

generates and delivers a flow of mechanical or electrical energy.


Power and energyPower is the rate of doing work, which equals energy per

time.Energy is the capacity for doing work, generating heat,

and emitting light.Electricity is the most convenient and versatile form of

energy.


Sources of energyEnergy

conventional

Thermal energy

Nuclear energy

Non-conventional

Solar energy


review of thermodynamic cycles Rankin cycle.Modified Rankine cycle.

Re-heat cycleRe-generative cycle.

Bryton cycle.Diesel cycleJoule cycle


fuels and combustion calculations.

There are many types of fuelsUranium CoalDieselCombustion calculation depends on fuels calorific value.

And chemical reactions. UO2 + 4HF = 2HzO + UF4


Load estimation, load curves Load curve shows the value of a specific load for each unit of the period covered. It is a curve showing the variation of power with time.


terms and factors involved in power plant calculations

Factors

•Load Factor•Utility Factor•Plant Operating Factor•Plant Capacity Factor•Demand Factor•Diversity Factor


Effect of variable load on power plant operationIn addition to the effect of variable load on power plant

design, the variable load conditions impose operation problems also, when the power plant is commissioned.

In a steam power plant, the variable load on electric generation ultimately gets reflected on the variable steam demand on the steam generator and on various other equipments.

The operation characteristics of such equipments are not linear with load, so, their operation becomes quite complicated.


Selection of power plant units.

Selection of power plant depend on these parameters

Availability of water.

Distance from load center.

Distance from populated area.

Accessibility to site.

Waste disposal.


Effect of plant type on CostsRatesEnergy elementCustomer elementsInventors profit.


Power plant economics and selection

The capacity of a power plant depends upon the power demandThe number of generating units should be so chosen that the

plant capacity is used efficiently.The thermal efficiency and operating cost of a steam power

plant depend upon the steam conditions such as throttle pressure and temperature.

The other factor, which influences the choice of hydropower plant, is the cost of power transmission lines and the loss of energy in transmission

jahangirabad institute of technology 13

Economics in plant selectionThe capacity of a power plant depends upon the power

demand.The capacity of a power plant should be more than

predicted maximum demand.The number of generating units should be so chosen that

the plant capacity is used efficiently.Generating cost for large size units running at high load

factor is substantially low.


Different cost of power plantCost of fuels. Labor cost.Cost of maintenance and repairs. Cost of stores (other than fuel).Supervision.Taxes.


Effect of plant type on customer elementsCapital cost of secondary distribution system and

depreciation cost, taxes and interest on this capital cost.Cost of inspection and maintenance of distribution lines

and the transformers.Cost of labour required for meter reading and office work.Cost of publicity.


Investor’s profit By reducing initial investment in the power plant. By selecting generating units of adequate capacity.By running the power plant at maximum possible load factor.By increasing efficiency of fuel burning devices so that cost

of fuel used is reduced.By simplifying the operation of the power plant so that fewer

power-operating men are required.By installing the power plant as near the load centre as

possible.By reducing transmission and distribution losses.


Depreciation and replacementDepreciation accounts for the deterioration of the

equipment and decrease in its value due to corrosion, weathering and wear and tear with use.

(1) Straight line method(2) Percentage method(3) Sinking fund method(4) Unit method.


Considerations in plant selectionTransportation Sources and costs of raw materials Prospective market for products Corporation long range planning Water source - quality and quantity Special incentive Climatic conditions Pollution requirements(Waste disposal)


Continue…Utilities - cost, quantity and reliability; fuel - costs,

reliability and availability Amount of site preparation necessary(site conditions)Construction costs Operating labor Taxes Living conditions Corrosion Expansion possibilities


Depreciation and replacementThe following methods are used to

calculate the depreciation cost: Straight line method Percentage method Sinking fund method Unit method.


considerations in plant selection

Considerations in plant selectionRegular and abundant supply of water or quantity of waterPresence of lakesLocation of industrial and commercial centersTransport and communication are importantDemand of powerCapital investment


Thank you

Engineering

power plant engineering