Power paralysis

Presented by:SATABDY JENATANISHA DAS

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

INTRODUCTION

• A power outage (also power cut, blackout, or power failure) is a short- or long-term loss of the electric power to an area

• Blackouts are a frequent occurrence in many Indian cities because of shortage of power supply and an antiquated electricity grid.

• Transmission and distribution losses in some states are as much as 50% because of theft and

connivance of employees in the power distribution sector

During the year 2011 to 2012 though the total exbus energy availability increased by8.8% over the previous year and the peak met increased by 5.4%,the shortageconditions prevailed in the country. Let us have a look on the report by CEA

INDIA ENERGY(MU) PEAK(MU)

Requirement 937,199 130,006

Availability 857,886 116,191

Shortage 79,313 13,815

In percentage 8.5% 10.6%

The energy requirement registered a growth of 8.8% during the year against the projected growth of8.3% and peak demand registered a growth of 6.3% against projected of 11.4%.

Region wise Power Supply Position in the country during year 2011 to 2012

REGION

ENERGY REQUIREMENT(MU)

AVAILABILITY(MU)

SURPLUS/DEFICIT(MU)

IN PERCENTAGE

PEAK DEMAND(MW)

MET(MW)

SURPLUS/DEFICIT(MW)

IN PERCENTAGE

Northern

276,121

258,382

-17,739

-6.4 40,248 37,117 -3,131 -7.8

Western

290,421

257,403

-33,018

-11.4 42,352 36,509 -5,843 -13.8

Southern

260,302

237,480

-22,822

8.8 37,599 32,188 -5,411 -14.4

Eastern

99,344 94,657 -4,687 -4.7 14707 13,999 -7,08 -4.8

North-Eastern

11011 9,964 -1,047 -9.5 1,920 1,782 -138 -7.2

CAUSES OF BLACKOUT• Dynamic stability loss at short circuit occurrence.• Dynamic stability loss at tripping at heavily loaded line. • Static stability loss due to voltage decrease. • Load node voltage avalanche. • Out of step running. • Accompanying voltage drop avalanche • Transmission voltage drop avalanche • Large scale outage of generators due to overload at transmission voltage drop

avalanche • Multiple tripping of lines due to wire sagging and short circuits• Multiple tripping of lines as a response of protection to the voltage drop.• Large scale outages of power plants due to sudden load rejection • Large scale outages of power plants due to stability loss of thermal

equipment at under frequency emergency.

The July 2012 IndIa blackouT was The largesT power ouTage In IndIa, occurrIng as Two separaTeevenTs on 30 and 31 July 2012. The ouTage affecTed over 620 mIllIon people, abouT 9% ofThe world populaTIon. an esTImaTed 32 gIgawaTTs of generaTIng capacITy was Taken offlIne In The ouTage.

CHAOS CAUSED BY THE POWER BLACKOUTMore than a dozen states with a population of 670 million people were without power.

Trains sTalled for Three To five hours.Means of TransporTaTion were disrupTed

ROADS WERE GRIDLOCKED

Two hundred Miners were sTranded in Three deep coal shafTs in The sTaTe of wesT Bengal when Their elecTric elevaTors sTopped working.

The power failed in some major city hospitals and office buildings.The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry in India stated that the blackout had"severely impacted" businesses, leaving many unable to operate.Oil refineries inPanipat, Mathura and Bhatinda continued operating because they have their own captivepower stations within the refineries and do not depend on the grid.

• 1 August: According to the officials of Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation

Limited, the 400 kV double circuit line

between Gwalior and Agra faced "dangerous overloading" on the evening of 1 August and could have triggered another power outage. The tripping was prevented when the power persons realized that the line load had reached 800 MW and scaled it down to 600 MW by cutting off the electricity to many parts that were fed by this line.

As of 2 August,Uttar Pradesh was being supplied about 7 GW power while the demand was between 9 and 9.7 GW.

MEASURES TO COMBATBLACKOUT :

Electric distribution companies carry out different measures to prevent these incidents, including:

• monitoring distribution systems from high tech control centres to maintain power reliability and

supply to customers• conducting rigorous maintenance programs, based on regular

inspections and technological improvements, to make sure that distribution facilities meet high

standards for safety and system integrity• carrying out mowing, hand cutting, trimming and herbicide

applications to control the growth of vegetation along power line rights-of-way

MEASURES TO COMBATBLACKOUT

• Although the focus is on prevention, power companies must be ready for power outages when they

occur. Electric distribution companies have detailed plans for restoring electric service after a power outage. These plans are based on the goals of restoring service to essential community services first, and then restoring power to the greatest number of customers in the shortest possible time, while ensuring public and worker safety.

• One of the industry’s top priorities is to maintain overall system reliability so as to reduce the

number and length of service interruptions. Electric distribution companies work closely with

municipalities, utilities and contractors to promote “call before you dig” programs, share information and develop best practices that reduce the potential of damage to underground distribution lines.

CONCLUSION :

• As annual economic growth has remained close to 10%, electricity demand has expanded rapidly .Under the 12th five year plan upto the fiscal year 2016, electricity demand is estimated to expand to 1.4 trillion kilowatt in 2016 provided an annual economic growth of 9% .

• Increase in demand of electricity not only includes economic growth and income effects but also cheap subsidized electricity prices for the agriculture and household sectors.

• The present distorted electricity pricing system is a contributor to the demand growth.The distribution firms that are largely state owned are financial zombies.

• The solution is to break down the coal monopoly,more investment into the national transmission grid , privatisation of the local

distribution firms and sound economic policies by the government