Performance Analysis of Mono Crystalline Silicon Technology with

Different Orientation System Using PVSYST

Abstract:-The aim of this paper is to present the

Performance analysis of mono-crystalline silicon technology

with different orientation system using PVSYSTsimulation

work. The PV technology encompasses a variety of

technologies including monocrystalline (single crystal),

polycrystalline (multiple crystal), cadmium telluride, gallium

arsenide, or amorphous silicon deposited as a thin film. In

this paper I will discuss about monocrystalline silicon

technology in which they include monocrystalline silicon PV

technology. Mono-crystalline silicon technology is used to

manufacture high performance solar cell and it is widely

used for the Solar PV. This is also known as single crystal Si

technology. A typical mono- crystalline cell has higher

efficiency than the other technologies, so it requires less area

for the same installed power. However there is a drawback

of mono-crystalline PV cell which is it only covert DNI

(Direct normal irradiance) and this results to decrease in

generation in the morning and evening hours. Earth changes

its position daily with reference to sun from east to west and

yearly from north to south and this change in earth’s

position changes the solar irradiance angle falling on the

earth. Tracking systems are used to capture maximum sun

irradiance so that the generation of a solar PV increases. In

market, there are different types of tracking system are

available which track the sun position on different axis. An

electricity generation comparison of a typical solar PV plant

with different tracking system, such as seasonal tilt, single

axis tracking and double axis tracking with reference to

fixed solar panel plant without any change in other

parameters, is analyzed in this paper using PVSYST and bar

graph is used to show the electricity generation comparison.

PVSYST is solar PV simulation software and well equipped

to perform solar PV system design and it is widely used by

the solar industry.

Keywords: Silicon Mono, tracking systems, PVSYST,

Performance Ratio, generation

I. INTRODUCTION

Monocrystalline silicon technology is oldest technology

of solar PV cell and still the most popular and efficient.

These are called mono-crystalline solar cells because the

cells are sliced from large single crystals that have been

painstakingly grown under carefully controlled

conditions. These crystals are grown and cut from a piece

of continuous crystal into thin slices between 0.2 and 0.3

mm thick. They are often seen in the shape of a hexagon,

but may be rounded or seen as other shapes in order to

reduce the amount of material wasted. Since each cell is

cut from a single crystal, the colour is seen as a uniform

dark blue, or black as in the case with some SunPower

brand panels.Mono-crystalline modules typically have

higher conversion efficiencies compared to other

technologies[1].Typically, the cells are a few inches

across, and a number of cells are laid out in a grid to

create a panel. Relative to the other types of cells, they

have a higher efficiency (up to 24), meaning you will

obtain more electricity from a given area of panel.

Production methods have improved though, and prices for

raw silicon as well as to build panels from mono-

crystalline solar cells have fallen a great deal over the

years, however, growing large crystals of pure silicon is a

difficult and very energy-intensive process, so the

production costs for this type of panel is still higher that

the all other solar panel types.Generation analysis for the

mono-crystalline silicon is done on PVSYST software.

PVSYST is solar PV simulation software and well

equipped to perform solar PV system design and it is

widely used by the solar industry. Data is included for

certain stations and new data set can be created by

importing data. PVSYST has a preliminary and a project

design mode, and thepreliminary mode can be used to get

an approximate value of radiation and

Fig. 1 Monocrystalline silicon

power output from the system. The project design mode

allows for user defined losses, inverter efficiency, shading

analysis and several other variables which provide a more

accurate output.The software has the following three main

modules:

A. Preliminary design

This is a simple tool for grid, stand-alone or pumping

system pre-sizing. Upon user's requirements like

Gaurav Kumar Sharma** NitikaGarg* **Renewable Energy Consultant *Assitant Professor

1g.sharma5341@gmail.com,2nitsgarg_21@yahoo.co.in

energy/water needs and "Loss of load" probability, and

very few other input parameters, this provides the PV-

system component sizes evaluates the monthly production

and performances, and performs a preliminary economic

evaluation of the PV system.

B. Project design

This is used for performing detailed simulation in hourly

values, including an easy-to-use expert system, which

helps the user to define the PV-field and to choose the

right components. This produces a complete printable

Report with all parameter and main results.

C. Tools

This module performs the database meteorological and

components management. It provides also a wide choice

of general solar tools (solar geometry, meteorological on

tilted planes,etc), as well as a powerful mean of importing

real data measured on existing PV systems for close

comparisons with simulated values[2].

II. NEED OF TRACKING TECHNOLOGIES IN

SOLAR POWER PLANTS

The solar tracker can be used for several application such

as solar cells, solar day-lighting system and solar thermal

arrays [4]. The solar tracker is very useful for device that

needs more sunlight for higher efficiency such as solar

cell. Many of the solar panels had been positioned on a

fixed surface such as a roof. As sun is a moving object,

this approach is not the best method. One of the solutions

is to actively track the sun using a sun tracking device to

move the solar panel to follow the Sun. With the Sun

always facing the panel, the maximum energy can be

absorbed, as the panel is operating at their greatest

efficiency [5].There is a drawback of mono-crystalline PV

cell which is it only covert DNI (Direct normal

irradiance) to electricity and this results to decrease in

generation in the early morning and late evening hours.

So, effectively actual generation decreases and to cover

these losses different types of sun tracking systems are

used.

A. Fixed tilted plane: This is a very basic and common

plane. Solar panels are installed on the fixed

structure, however, structure is design with an

optimized tilt angle and this angle is dependent on the

particular location.Fixed tilt structure model is shown

in Fig. 3with their angles

Fig. 3 Fixed tilted angle plane

B. Seasonal tilt angle adjustment: This plane is

anupgraded version of the fixed tilted angle plane.

This plane comes with the option of different tilt

angles, generally two options are available, one for

winter and other for summer. Structure tilt angle is

optimized for different seasons as shown in Fig.4

Fig. 4Seasonal tilt angle plane

C. Single axis tracking System: Sun travels through

3600 east-west a day. For a particular location, a PV

plant can use sun energy max for 1800(This means

12 hour in a day). Height of sun in the morning and

evening is less which leads to deviation from the

optimal tilt. A PVSYST analysis clearly shows the

variation in the available energy from the sun for a

fixed tilted plane in dawn and sunset

Fig. 5Single axis tracking system

As the name itself describe that single axis trackers track

sun only for one direction as shown in Fig 5and Fig 6.

Fig. 6 Energy variation in Single axis tracking system

Double axis tracking: The two-axis motion mechanism

consists of azimuth rotation axis perpendicular to the

horizon plane and altitude rotation axis, which parallel to

the horizon plane. The altitude axis is fastened on and

perpendicular to the azimuth axis[3]. Sun travels through

3600 east-west a day and it also travels 46

0 from north to

south over the period of year. Single axis trackers do not

track sun for both the axis, so, to overcome this demerit

double axis tracking system is used. Double tracking

system tracks sun in both directions as shown in Fig.7.

Fig. 7 Double axis tracking system

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Solar power plant behaviour depends on many factors like

project site, quality of module, quality of inverter, wiring

and sun tracking system. The aim of this paper is to

analyse the performanceof solar power plant with

different tracking system and other parameters are put

constant for this analysis.This analysis is done for a grid

connected system of rating 1 MW DC. Module, inverter

and other specification are discussed below:

Location information: Rannof Kachchh,

Gujarat.Latitude and longitude are 24 and 701

respectively.

Module: 240Wp 34V Si-mono Sun Power modules

(SPR-240E-BLK-D) are used for the analysis. Sun power

is one of the largest manufactures of solar PV modules in

the world so it is better to take sun power module for

analysis purpose.Approximately4170 modules are

required for the 1MW plant.

Inverter: 500 KW, 450-820 V, SMA (Sunny Central

500MV-11) central inverter is used. Total nos of inverter

will be required for the 1MW plant is 2.

There are 15 modules are connected in series and 278

strings to match the modules output power with the

inverter input requirement.

Fixed tilt structure system: tilt; 230.System will generate

1653 MWH/ year and performance ratio is 76.4%

For Seasonal tilt structure system: summer 10o and winter

35o. System will suppose to generate 1715 MWh/yr with

76.3% performance ratio.

Single axis tracking: minimum tilt is 10o and max tilt is

60o.

Double axis tracking system: Frame minimum and

maximum tilt is 10o and 60

o respectively and rotating phi

limits are -50o to 50

o.

IV. CONCLUSIONS

With the use of different tracking systems cell will phase

more direct light, so, electricity generation of mono-

crystalline cell increases. For 1 MW plant consider for

the analysis purpose, generates 1.653 GWh/year with

fixed tilt structure. When seasonal tilt is used with

optimized angels same plant generates 3.8% more (1.715

GWh/year) than fixed tilt. When single axis tracking

system is used it generates 4.9% (1.734 GWh/year) more

than fixed tilt and when double axis tracking system is

used plant generates 28 % (2.116 GWh/year) more than

fixed tilt plane.The graph is clearly showing the

generation, performance ratio comparison with the

different tracking systems and it also shows percentage

increase in generation from fixed tilt plane

REFERENCES

[1] http://www.solar-facts-and-advice.com/solar-cells.html [2] http://www.pvsyst.com/5.2/index.php (accessed on 15th July

2010) [3] Huifeng Jiao, Jianzhong Fu, Yuchun Li, Jintao Lai, Design of

Automatic Two-axis Sun-tracking System, 2010, pp. 978-981 [4] A.K. Saxena and V. Dutta, “A versatile microprocessor based

controller for solar tracking,” in Proc. IEEE, 1990, pp. 1105 – 1109. [5] S. J. Hamilton, “Sun-tracking solar cell array system,” Department

of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of

Queensland, Bachelors Thesis, 1999..