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Parking Design in front of CE

Building BUET

Report Submitted By –

Group-1

Nizam Uddin - 1204004

Shuvro Kumar Chakravorty-1204009

Nazifa Tabassum (Mou) – 1204010

Pronob Kumar Ghosh – 1204011

Abir Khan Ratul - 1104052

Anindya Banik - 1104084

Mahadi Hasan -1004095

Submitted to –

Professor Md. Shamsul Haque

Assistant Professor Sanjana Hossain

Department of Civil Engineering

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology

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ABSTRACT

Parking is one of the major problems that is created by the increasing road traffic. BUET campus

provides all staff and students a place for their working, studying and even living. So, here parking

is one of the important issues for transportation planning and traffic management. For providing

parking space in front of Civil Engineering Building, we make a parking survey. From this survey,

we design a parking slot and parking control measure and future extension so that the upcoming

parking facility can be well ensured. In addition to design, the existence problematic issues are

described in this report.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, we would like to express my deepest sense of gratitude to almighty God.

I write this acknowledgement with great honor, pride and pleasure to pay my respects to all who

enable us either directly in completing this report. I express my deep sense of gratitude to Md.

Shamsul Haque, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering and Sajana Hossain, Assistant

Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology

for being valuable guidance to us especially for writing this report that I have encountered while

working on this report.

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CONTENTS

Page No.

Abstract ii

Acknowledgement iii

Contents iv

List of Figures vi

List of Tables vii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 General 1

1.2 Objectives of Parking Design study 1

1.3 Scope of this Study 2

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3

2.1 General 3

2.2 Prior studies regarding Parking demand and supply 3 2.2 a. Downtown Huntington Parking Study

2.2 b. Case Study on Supply and Demand for University 3

Parking Facilities in College of Engineering UNITEN

2.3 Parking Policy of Bangladesh 4

2.3 a. Policies on Managing Parking Demand

2.3 b. Policies on Supply of Parking Spaces 5

2.3 c. Policies on Operation and Maintenance of Parking Facilities 5

2.3 d. Policies on Parking Regulation 5

2.3 e. Policies on Enforcement of Regulations 5

2.4 Conceptual Definition of Some important terms 5

2.4 a. Parking Volume 5

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2.4 b. Parking Accumulation 6

2.4 c. Parking Load 6

2.4 d. Parking Index 6

2.4 e. Average Parking Duration 6

2.4 f. Parking Turnover 6

2.4 g. Parking Spillover 6

2.5 Parking Demand and Supply 7 2.5 a. Parking Demand

2.5 b. Parking Supply 7

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 8

3.1 General 8

3.2 Type of Parking 8

3.2 a. On Street Parking 8

3.2 b. Off-Street Parking 10

3.3 Parking Survey 11

CHAPTER 4 DATA COLLECTION 12

4.1 Data Collection 12

4.2 Inventory Study 13

CHAPTER 5 DATA ANLYSIS 14

5.1 Parking Demand Survey Data 14

5.2 Four Wheel Parking Vehicle Dimensions 15

5.3 Design Length of Four Wheel Parking Vehicle 16

5.4 Design width of Four Wheel Parking Vehicle 17

5.5 Design Door Opening of Four Wheel Parking Vehicle 18

5.6 Dimension of Two Wheel Vehicle 19

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5.7 Design length and width of two wheel vehicle 19

5.8 Summary of Design Dimension 21

5.9 Maneuvering Area and Aisle Width 21

5.10 Parking Slot Design 22

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION 24

6.1 Conclusion 24

6.2 Recommendation 24

References 25

Appendix 26

A.1 Parking Slot Design and Future extension is shown in AutoCAD File

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List of Figures

Figure No. Figure Title Page

3.1 Parallel Parking 9

3.2 Angular Parking 9

3.3 Off-Street Parking 10

3.4 Parking Survey Area in front 11

of CE Building, BUET

5.1 Total Number of Parking Vehicle in 15

different time interval

5.2 Design Length Determination 16

for Four Wheel Vehicle.

5.3 Design Width Determination 17

for Four Wheel Vehicle.

5.4 Design Door Opening Determination 18

for Four Wheel Vehicle

5.5 Design Length Determination for Two Wheel Vehicle. 20

5.6 Design Width Determination for Two Wheel Vehicle 20

5.7 Bi-Cycle Fluctuation 23

5.8 Motor-Cycle Fluctuation 23

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List of Tables

Table No. Table Title Page

4.1 Summary of Parking Data from 7AM to 12 AM 12

4.2 Summary of Parking Data from 12PM to 5 PM 13

5.1 Total Number of Vehicles Parked in each hour interval. 14

5.2 Dimension of Four Wheel Classified Vehicle 15

5.3 Parking Design Length of Four Wheel Vehicle 16

5.4 Parking Design Width of Four Wheel Vehicle 17

5.5 Parking Design Door Opening of Four Wheel Vehicle 18

5.6 Dimension of Two Wheel Vehicle 19

5.7 Parking Design Length of Two Wheel Vehicle 19

5.8 Parking Design Length of Two Wheel Vehicle 20

5.9 Design Vehicle Dimension 21

5.10 Aisle width and corresponding their angle 21

5.11 Maneuvering Area and Aisle Width 22

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 General

Parking is one of the major problems that is created by the increasing road traffic. It is an

impact of transport development. The availability of less space in urban areas has increased

the demand for parking space especially in areas like Central business district. This affects the

mode choice also. This has a great economical impact. BUET campus provides all staff and

students a place for their working, studying and even living. Parking is one of the important

topics in urban transportation planning and traffic management. This is true too for the

university campus. In recent years, higher education has developed rapidly, which has led to

a dramatic increase of students educated on campuses and thus severe shortage of land used

for teaching and researching. For providing students enough space for living and guaranteeing

the land used for teaching and researching, many university employees who originally lived

on the campus are encouraged to move out. They have to buy private cars used for commuting

between their living places and the campus. Consequently the number of private cars owned

by them has increased notably. In addition, the communication between universities and

communities is much closer than before because of the system reform currently occurring in

this country. Therefore, how to formulate and manage the campus transportation system,

particularly the parking subsystem, has attracted much attention in both academic and

practical circles.

1.2 Objectives of Parking Design study

The Study aims to identify existing and future parking and loading/unloading problems and to

recommend remedial measures to address these problems. The main objectives of the Study are:

To validate and enrich the existing inventory of parking and loading/unloading

facilities for the whole campus and convert it into a spatial format

To assess the present and future parking demand and supply situations

To review the parking and loading/unloading provision

To identify the scale of current parking related problems

To review and enhance the Parking Demand Model

To recommend new remedial measures and formulate new initiatives for the

improvement of present parking situation

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1.3 Scope of this Study

Parking studies involve collecting the required information about the capacity and use of

existing parking facilities. In addition, information about the demand for parking is needed.

Parking studies may be restricted to a particular traffic producer or attractor. In our case, the

civil building is the traffic generator. Traffic comes here, some will be parked whereas others

will drop off their passengers and leave. However, due to uncontrolled and unorganized

parking, there’s a loss in how efficiently the available parking areas are used. Our objective is

to carry out a survey and thereby provide a systematic layout of the parking lot so as to

minimize congestion and increase the available parking space. Moreover, taking into account

that demand might rise in the future with regards to supply, future provisions for parking slots

will also be included in the design. The main concern of this survey is to cater for the traffic

parking demand of civil building. For the parking lot design, the following surveys were

carried out-

Inventory Survey

Supply Survey

Demand Survey

Survey to find out the design vehicle

Operational aspects of parking

Our end goal is to find out the number of allowable parking slots, classify the parking slots

for staffs and students, providing room for disabled parking, identifying areas unsuitable for

parking or not granted by authority and finally provide with proper parking signs for

prohibited areas.

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 General

Related journals, reports and prior studies in abroad have been explored to get a clear

concept about the parking demand supply analysis. The relevant parking terms have been

identified and studied for the further analysis of the study.

2.2 Prior studies regarding Parking demand and supply

2.2 a. Downtown Huntington Parking Study

The study has been carried out at the CBD area of the Town of Huntington. The objective of

this study was to provide details on the efficiency of existing parking facilities and determine

the need for revising the existing parking supply. To gather information on existing parking

supply and its use, parking inventories have been done. Accumulation (or occupancy) checks

and license plate checks are the two types of usage studies used in this study. A total of 124

parking spaces were identified in the downtown area. The parking survey was performed for

one day. The study started at 7.00 AM and was performed every half hour until 8.00 PM. The

number of occupied parking spaces was recorded at the beginning of each interval. In

addition, parking turnover information was collected by recording the last three license plate

characters. From the survey result, the parking in downtown Huntington did not seem overly

problematic. Most streets and lots did not reach their full capacity at any time during the day.

In addition, many of these areas could withstand a much higher volume of automobiles.

(Pioneer Valley Metropolitan Planning Organization, 2006)

2.2 b. Case Study on Supply and Demand for University Parking Facilities in

College of Engineering UNITEN

This study was carried out at the main campus of University Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN). The

objectives were to identify the current parking supply and next five years parking demand in

the university area and gave suggestions or recommendations to solving the problem. The

study consist parking inventory, parking usage survey using license Plate numbers method and

parking interview for determination the current parking supply.

From the result of current data, the next five years future parking demand had been estimated

by study and information from the administration data, questionnaire, and parking space

zoning regulation and parking generation. This study did not find any problem except with

one lot which was totally opposite of what the students of the university claimed. For future

parking demand 1540 parking spaces should be provided in five years time. As recommendation,

besides built a new parking area, which is more costly, law enforcement

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must done strictly to restrict the non-sticker users’ park at the university parking.

(Ismail & Norhisham, 2008)

2.3 Parking Policy of Bangladesh

In order to reduce congestion and improve the traffic movement within the DMDPA, the

DTCB has taken the initiative to outline strategies to reduce the negative effects of parking.

This is to be achieved by formulating a parking policy. First draft of this policy was prepared

by DTCB in February 2002 and was reviewed by the World Bank. Based on their

suggestions, the policy document was revised with the assistance of a specialist and was

circulated among concerned agencies in mid October 2002. The basic policy sectors were:

Jurisdiction, Demand for Parking Spaces, Supply of Parking Spaces, Parking Regulation,

Enforcement of Regulations, Operation and Maintenance, Institutional Setup and

Strengthening Supportive Legislation. Some related issues regarding demand for parking

spaces were: spatial growth trends within DMDPA, work centers, spatial development

policies for Dhaka, increasing vehicle ownership, heterogeneity of vehicles etc. there were also

issues discussed regarding parking supply. Those were: supply of off-street parking spaces,

parking standards, supply of on-street parking spaces, slow augmentation of road capacity,

parking for non-motorized vehicles etc (DTCB, 2005). The relevant and selected segment of

parking policy which is duly considered during forming recommendations is provided below

2.3 a. Policies on Managing Parking Demand

Non-restrictive parking shall be adopted in residential areas where the demand for parking

is much less than the available of parking spaces.

Restrictive parking shall be adopted in areas where the demand exceeds the available

parking spaces. These shall be enforced through pricing and regulatory mechanisms.

Two types of parking charges shall be levied at public parking places in the restrictive

parking areas. Normal charges aimed to recover of operation and maintenance expenses

shall be levied in locations where the parking provision does not adversely affect the

movement of traffic. Deterrent parking charges shall be more than the normal charges and

shall be adopted in areas where parking demand is in excess of supply or in places where

parking is observed to adversely affect the movement of traffic.

Regulations shall include parking restrictions to specific or all types of vehicles either by

time of day or by duration or for specific purpose of travel or for vehicles carrying less

than specified number of passengers per vehicle or by location.

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2.3 b. Policies on Supply of Parking Spaces

Parking standards shall be reviewed once every five years. Necessary

modifications shall be incorporated in the building rules.

There shall be regular monitoring of parking provisions in all buildings.

Buildings found to be deficient in parking provisions vis-à-vis current building

rules shall be required to pay a parking facility fees. This shall be in proportion

to the extent of violation with respect to the required provision. The revenue

from this source shall be used for augmenting parking facilities (on-street / off-

street) in the area.

2.3 c. Policies on Operation and Maintenance of Parking Facilities

Concerned local authorities shall be responsible for the efficient operation and

maintenance of public parking facilities.

2.3 d. Policies on Parking Regulation

In restrictive parking areas, on-street parking shall be prohibited on all roads

within the area except at places where it is specifically permitted by authorized

road signs and markings.

2.3 e. Policies on Enforcement of Regulations

The Local Police shall be responsible for enforcing parking regulations as

notified by the Police Chief.

They shall assign adequate number of police personnel of appropriate rank for

surveillance and enforcement of parking regulations in each zone. Each zone

shall have a tow truck to facilitate eviction of offending vehicles.

2.4 Conceptual Definition of Some important terms To analyze the existing parking demand and supply condition and to formulate recommendation

for the improvement, some terms are very important to be studied.

2.4 a. Parking Volume

Parking volume is the total number of vehicles parked at a given duration of time. This does

not account for repetition of vehicles. The individual vehicle entered in the area is recorded.

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2.4 b. Parking Accumulation

It is defined as the number of vehicles parked at a given instant of time. Normally this is

expressed by accumulation curve. Accumulation curve is the graph obtained by plotting the

number of bays occupied with respect to time.

2.4 c. Parking Load

Parking load gives the area under the accumulation curve. It can also be obtained by simply

multiplying the number of vehicles occupying the parking area at each time interval with the

time interval. It is expressed as vehicle hours.

2.4 d. Parking Index

Parking index is also called occupancy or efficiency. It is defined as the ratio of number of

bays occupied in time duration to the total space available. It gives an aggregate measure of

how effectively the parking space is utilized. Parking index can be found out as follows:

2.4 e. Average Parking Duration It is the ratio of total vehicle hours to the number of vehicles parked.

2.4 f. Parking Turnover

It is the ratio of number of vehicles parked in duration to the number of parking bays

available. This can be expressed as number of vehicles per bay per time duration.

2.4 g. Parking Spillover

It is the difference between the parking demand and the available parking supply in any

certain period of time. Its value indicates no. of parking deficit in that time period.

(Rao & Mathew, 2007)

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2.5 Parking Demand and Supply 2.5 a. Parking Demand

It refers to the amount of parking that would be used at a particular time, place and price. It is

a critical factor in evaluating parking problems and solutions. Parking demand is affected by

vehicle ownership, trip rates, mode split, duration (how long motorists park), geographic

location (i.e., downtown, regional town centre or suburban), the quality of travel alternatives,

type of trip (work, shopping, recreational), and factors such as fuel and road pricing.

There are usually daily, weekly and annual demand cycles. For example, parking demand

usually peaks on weekdays at office buildings and on weekend evenings at theaters and

restaurants. Parking demand can change with transportation, land use and demographic

patterns. For example, a particular building may change from industrial to residential or

office use, neighborhood demographics and density may change, and the quality of transit

service may change, all of which affects parking demand.

Different types of trips have different types of parking demand, and different types of parking

facilities tend to serve different types of trips. For example, commuters need long-term

parking, and because they park all day they are relatively price sensitive. Many commuters

are willing to walk several blocks for cheaper parking. Off-street parking leased by the month

tends to serve commuters. Customers need shorter-term parking that is located as close as

possible to their destination, and are often willing to pay a relatively high hourly price for

increased convenience. On-street parking that is metered or regulated to maximize turnover

tends to serve customers (Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 2011).

2.5 b. Parking Supply

It refers to availability of parking space. Parking is a major urban land use. Availability of

parking (parking supply) usually depends in large measure on intensity of development and

cost of land. It may be governed by building codes or ordinances, and it may be controlled to

achieve some strategic economic or policy purpose. The adjustment of parking supply outside the

normal processes of the private marketplace to achieve strategic objectives is often referred to as

parking management. Management of parking supply is a balancing act. If too much parking is

provided in surface lots, it uses valuable land resources and often results in widely-spaced and

disconnected development patterns. Too little parking or poorly designed or located parking can

result in parking spillover to adjacent areas, lead travelers to choose alternate destinations, and/or

inhibit development (Transport Research Board, 2003).

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CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 General

When an Engineer is designing Roads; he must take care that he designs the required

Parking Areas as per the requirement and the study of the traffic in that area.The Parking

Methods play a major role in controlling traffic and avoid chaotic confusion and traffic jams

because of lack of Parking facility.

3.2 Type of Parking

On the basis of the style of Parking Areas, there are two major types of Parking-

1. On Street Parking

2. Off Street Parking

3.2 a. On Street Parking

As the name itself suggests, “On-street Parking” means the area allotted for Parking purpose

at the sides of the roads. For efficiency in Parking system; the On street Parking is divided

into two types:

1. Angular Parking

2. Parallel Parking

3. Perpendicular Parking (efficient Parking Method)

1. Parallel Parking System

The vehicles are parked one behind the other. The Parking lot is designed as per the area

required if Parallel Parking is adopted. It has been surveyed that the area required for Parallel

Parking is much lesser that required for Angular Parking. Therefore, more number of vehicles

can be parked in this Parking System. For this reason, this Parking system is generally

adopted.

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Figure 3.1 Parallel Parking

2. Angular Parking

The vehicles are parked at an angle. It may be a 30 degree angle or 45 degree. The vehicles

can be easily reversed if parked at an angle. Hence, proving as an efficient Parking System

in case of vehicular circulation.

Figure 3.2 Angular Parking

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3.2 b. Off-Street Parking

Off-street parking means a Parking Area is designed adjacent to the Road or in a place or

building which is not the part of the road. Main advantage of this parking is to stay for long.

It requires walking of quite large distance to reach destination.

Some of the examples of Off Street Parking:

Parking lots

Bypass road

Multistory Building Garage

Parking Lanes

Figure 3.3 Off-Street Parking

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3.3 Parking Survey

Location: In front of Civil Engineering Building, BUET, Dhaka.

Survey: 6th May 2017 – 9th May 2017.

Enumerator: 7

Parking Type: As our study area is away from roadway, so off-street parking is followed.

Our study area is shown in following map-

Figure 3.4 Parking Survey Area in front of CE Building, BUET.

CE Building

EME Building

Parking Study Area

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CHAPTER 4

DATA COLLECTION

4.1 Data Collection

Group-1 Enumerators continued parking study form 6th May to 9th May 2017. We count parking

vehicle from 7AM to 5PM. For each an hour we count three or two parking data because one day

data can not be a proper design data. Our group data is attached in Appendix. Now here, the

collected data are given in Table 4.1 & Table 4.2 for each an hour.

Table 4.1 Summary of Parking Data from 7AM to 12 AM

Time Date Car Micro Pajero Motor-

cycle Cycle Noha

Pic-

up

Pro-

Box

Rental-

Car

Army

Jip

7-8

AM

6/5/2017 9 0 0 4 17 0 0 1 0 0

7/5/2017 6 0 1 5 22 0 0 2 0 0

8/5/2017 7 1 3 7 18 3 0 0 0 0

8-9

AM

6/5/2017 11 1 2 6 22 1 0 2 0 1

7/5/2017 8 2 2 8 24 0 1 3 1 0

8/5/2017 13 2 3 9 20 3 0 5 0 1

9-10

AM

8/5/2017 15 2 2 7 17 2 0 5 0 1

9/5/2017 12 1 1 10 15 0 1 2 1 0

10-11

AM

6/5/2017 9 0 2 5 17 2 0 3 1 0

7/5/2017 11 3 1 6 23 0 1 4 1 0

8/5/2017 20 1 1 8 18 2 1 4 0 0

11-12

AM

6/5/2017 14 3 0 8 19 4 1 3 0 1

7/5/2017 15 2 2 8 14 1 1 5 1 1

8/5/2017 22 1 1 8 16 2 3 4 0 0

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Table 4.2 Summary of Parking Data from 12PM to 5 PM.

Time Date Car Micro Pajero Motor-

cycle Cycle Noha

Pic-

up

Pro-

Box

Rental-

Car

Army

Jip

12-1.0

PM

7/5/2017 13 1 0 6 12 1 0 3 0 0

8/5/2017 19 0 0 6 12 1 1 1 0 1

1-2

PM

6/5/2017 7 2 0 7 14 4 0 1 0 0

7/5/2017 15 0 0 9 14 1 0 4 0 0

2-3

PM

6/5/2017 10 2 0 8 21 5 1 0 0 0

8/5/2017 12 1 1 7 19 1 1 0 1 0

3-4

PM

6/5/2017 11 2 1 9 21 4 2 2 0 1

8/5/2017 7 0 2 10 23 0 0 2 1 0

4-5

PM

6/5/2017 10 1 0 4 5 2 1 0 0 0

8/5/2017 8 0 0 2 4 0 0 1 0 0

4.2 Inventory Study Parking inventory surveys are intended to consider all the parking available in an area. Data

about the width of the road, width of footpath, type of parking provision were collected. The

existing total parking area and no parking zones in the study area were marked and the area of

these were collected. The Total available parking space data collected is presented below.

In front of Civil Building =2866 sq. ft.

Behind Civil Building =1110 sq. ft.

No Parking area are

In front of Concrete LAB = 2163 sq. ft.

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CHAPTER 5

DATA ANALYSIS

5.1 Parking Demand Survey Data

In order to determine the peak demand, a demand survey was carried out. The demand survey had been

carried out throughout the 4 days (6th May 2017- 9th May) of previous week week so as to obtain more

reliable and representative data. Throughout this four days the corresponding demand of different

categories of vehicles were determined. The days were selected so that the maximum demand occurs during

the week and holidays were excluded as demand falls drastically. The initial demand survey extended from

7 am to 5 pm, during which the institution remains open and the demand is expected to be fairly high. The

total no. of vehicles parked in hourly intervals were obtained from the maximum parking within those days

of each hour interval and the data is given below in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1 Total Number of Vehicles Parked in each hour interval.

Time Total Number of

Parking

7-8 AM 47

8-9 AM 62

9-10 AM 56

10-11 AM 64

11AM-12 PM 68

12-1.0 PM 44

1-2 PM 57

2-3 PM 50

3-4 PM 58

4-5 PM 24

If we plot a histogram of “Total Number of Vehicle Parked vs Time Interval” that will clearly show us

that the peak hour is from 11 AM to 12 PM. Total number of parking in this peak hour is 68. For this

peak hour we find design parking space and parking control measure.

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Figure 5.1 Total Number of Parking Vehicle in different time interval

5.2 Four Wheel Parking Vehicle Dimensions

The Peak hour parking is occurred in 11AM-12PM. Now we have to determine the parking design

length, design width, design door opening. In below Table 5.2, the classified parking vehicle (Four

Wheel Vehicle) dimension and their number involved in peak hour is given.

Table 5.2 Dimension of Four Wheel Classified Vehicle.

Name Number Length Width

Front

Door

Opening

Back

Door

Opening

Corrola 22 11'-6" 5'-5" 3'-6" 3'-3"

Micro-Bus 3 16'-2" 5'-8" 4'-2"

Pajero 2 13'-10" 5'-6" 3'-8" 3'-2"

Noha 4 14'-6" 5'-1" 3'-6"

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

7-8 AM 8-9 AM 9-10AM

10-11AM

11-12AM

12-1.0PM

1-2 PM 2-3 PM 3-4 PM 4-5 PM

47

6256

6468

44

57

50

58

24

Tota

l Veh

icle

Par

ked

Time Interval

Histogram of Parking vehicle in different time interval

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Pic-Up 3 11'-11" 5'-0" 3'-4"

Pro-Box 5 13'-6" 5'-7" 3'-4" 3'-2"

Rental-Car 1 15'-8" 5'-6" 3'-10" 3'-2"

Army JIP 1 14'-5" 5'-6" 4'-0" 3'-10"

5.3 Design Length of Four Wheel Parking Vehicle

Now, we category each specified length and their corresponding parking in peak hour. For each

length, % of frequency and cumulative percentage of frequency is calculated. 85 percentage

cumulative frequency shows the parking design length of four wheel vehicle.

Table 5.3 Parking Design Length of Four Wheel Vehicle.

Length

(inch) Frequency

Percentage of

Frequency

Cumulative percentage of

frequency

138 22 53.659 53.659

143 3 7.317 60.976

162 5 12.195 73.171

166 2 4.878 78.049

173 1 2.439 80.488

174 4 9.756 90.244

188 1 2.439 92.683

194 3 7.317 100.000

Now, if we plot a graph length vs. cumulative percentage of frequency, we find design length

corresponding to 85% frequency. The design length is 174 inch (14’-6”).

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Figure 5.2 Design Length Determination for Four Wheel Vehicle.

5.4 Design width of Four Wheel Parking Vehicle

Now, we category each specified width and their corresponding parking in peak hour. For each

length, % of frequency and cumulative percentage of frequency is calculated. 85 percentage

cumulative frequency shows the parking design width of four wheel vehicle.

Table 5.4 Parking Design Width of Four Wheel Vehicle.

Width (inch)

Frequency Percentage of

Frequency

Cumulative % of frequency

60 3 7.317 7.317

61 4 9.756 17.073

65 22 53.659 70.732

66 4 9.756 80.488

67 5 12.195 92.683

68 3 7.317 100.000

Now, if we plot a graph width vs. cumulative percentage of frequency, we find design width

corresponding to 85% frequency. The design width is 66.5 inch approximately 5 feet 6inch.

0.000

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

80.000

90.000

100.000

0 50 100 150 200 250

Cu

mu

lati

ve f

req

uen

cy

Length (inch)

Design length for four wheel vehicle

Cumulative frequency

174

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Figure 5.3 Design Width Determination for Four Wheel Vehicle.

5.5 Design Door Opening of Four Wheel Parking Vehicle

Now, we category each specified Door Opening and their corresponding parking in peak hour.

For each Door Opening, % of frequency and cumulative percentage of frequency is calculated.

85 percentage cumulative frequency shows the parking design Door Opening of four wheel

vehicle.

Table 5.5 Parking Design Door Opening of Four Wheel Vehicle.

Door Opening

(inch) Frequency

percentage

of

Frequency

Cumulative % of

frequency

40 8 19.512 19.512

42 26 63.415 82.927

44 2 4.878 87.805

46 1 2.439 90.244

48 1 2.439 92.683

50 3 7.317 100.000

0.000

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

80.000

90.000

100.000

59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

Cu

mu

lati

ve f

req

uen

cy

Width (inch)

Design Width for four wheel vehicle

Cumulative % of frequency

66.5

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Now, if we plot a graph Door Opening vs. cumulative percentage of frequency, we find design

width corresponding to 85% frequency. The design Door Opening is 42 inch (3 feet 6 inch).

Figure 5.4 Design Door Opening Determination for Four Wheel Vehicle.

5.6 Dimension of Two Wheel Vehicle

Now we have to determine the parking design length, design width of two wheel vehicle. In below

Table 5.6, the classified parking vehicle (Two Wheel Vehicle) dimension and their number

involved in peak hour is given.

Table 5.6 Dimension of Two Wheel Vehicle.

Name Number length width

Moto-cycle 8 7'2" 3'

Bi-cycle 19 6' 2'2"

0.000

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

80.000

90.000

100.000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Cu

mu

lati

ve f

req

uen

cy

Door Opening inch

Design Door Opening for four vehicle

Cumulative % of frequency

42

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5.7 Design length and width of two wheel vehicle

Now, we category each specified length and width and their corresponding parking in peak hour.

For each length and width, % of frequency and cumulative percentage of frequency is calculated.

85 percentage cumulative frequency shows the parking design length and width of two wheel

vehicle.

Table 5.7 Parking Design Length of Two Wheel Vehicle.

length inch

frequency % of

frequency

cumulative % of

frequency

72 19 70.370 70.370

86 8 29.630 100

Figure 5.5 Design Length Determination for Two Wheel Vehicle.

0.000

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

80.000

90.000

100.000

70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88

Cu

mu

lati

ve f

req

un

cy

length, inch

Design Length for two wheel vehicle

79

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Table 5.8 Parking Design Length of Two Wheel Vehicle.

Width inch

frequency % of

frequency cumulative frequency

26 19 70.370 70.370

36 8 29.630 100.000

Figure 5.6 Design Width Determination for Two Wheel Vehicle.

5.8 Summary of Design Dimension

Now, design dimension of 4 wheel and 2 wheel vehicle is shown in Table 5.9.

Table 5.9 Design Vehicle Dimension.

Vehicle Design Criteria Dimension

Four Wheel

Design Length 14'-6"

Design Width 5'-6"

Design Door

Opening 3'-6"

Two Wheel Design Length 6'-7"

Design Width 2'-6"

0.00010.00020.00030.00040.00050.00060.00070.00080.00090.000

100.000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Cu

mu

lati

ve f

req

uen

cy

width, inch

Design Width for two wheel vehcile

cumulative frequncy

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5.9 Maneuvering Area and Aisle Width

Parking dimensions have been developed to comfortably accommodate the composite design

vehicle which has been calculated for Four Wheel Vehicle Design Length 14'6"* W 5'6" in our

design. Parking dimension includes depth of stall, aisle width and area needed for maneuvering.

Stall depth is considered 9 feet which is standard in several codes such as "Larkspur (California)

Municipal Code” & "Parking Structure Design Guidelines (for Lincoln, Nebraska) ".Aisle is the

driveway through which a vehicle enters or leave the parking facility. Aisle width is minimum 12

feet for one way aisle and minimum 22 feet for two way aisle. Maneuvering area consists of length

and width of a rectangle necessary for parking and unpacking a vehicle. The following Table 5.10

shows Aisle Width for various vehicles and for different parking angles.

Table 5.10 Aisle width and corresponding their angle.

Aisle Width for Parking (9' standard Stall)

Angle one way two way

parallel 12'

min 22'

30 12'

45 14'

60 17.5'

90 26'

Table 5.11 Maneuvering Area and Aisle Width.

Data of Maneuvering Area and Aisle Width

Vehicle Type Maneuvering Area Aisle Width On-

Way

jeep 19.5' 15' 15'

pic-up 15' 13' 13'

CNG 12' 8' 8'

Car 1 16' 14' 14'

Car2 19' 17' 17'

Car 3 14' 14' 14'

Car 4 14' 13' 13'

Jeep 1 16' 15' 15'

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From the Table 5.11, we can see for a jeep the maneuvering area is 19.5’ x 15’. Since the length

of roadway is sufficient, 19.5’ was not a limiting factor. Rather the width occupied by a car while

leaving the parking slot is considered as the limiting factor and we had to see if the width of the

isle is sufficient enough to accommodate such.

5.10 Parking Slot Design

Based on dimensions of design vehicle, the size of parking slots for 4 wheeled vehicles were determined

to be following-

Parking Slot length = 15 feet

Parking slot width = 9 feet

For door opening, a space of 3.5ft width is kept and this is shared by adjacent cars so that 1.75ft belong

to each parking slot. Based on this and the available parking area, number of slots available in different

sectors are given below-

Four Wheel Vehicle Parking Slot

for Teachers and staffs =10

for General = 26

for Disable Person = 2

The parking for motor bikes and bicycles, we find design length 6’-7”and design width 2’-6”. In our

parking area length is not limited factor. So, the size of parking slots are chosen to be 7ft (length) x

3.5 ft. (width) for motor bikes and 6ft (length) x 2ft (width) for bicycles. Bi-cycle and Motor –Cycle

are fluctuating frequently through the whole day. So, to get the maximum demand we draw

fluctuating curve for Bi-Cycle and Motorcycle.

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Figure 5.7 Bi-Cycle Fluctuation.

Figure 5.8 Motor-Cycle Fluctuation.

The maximum existing demand of bicycles and motor bikes are 24 and 10 respectively whereas the

corresponding available parking slots of such are 36 and 13. So the demand is satisfied. Future

parking provision for bicycles and bikes include an additional slot of 15.

0

5

10

15

20

25

7-8AM

8-9AM

9-10AM

10-11AM

11-12AM

12-1.0PM

1-2PM

2-3PM

3-4PM

4-5PM

22 24

1723

19

12 14

21 23

5Nu

mb

er o

f B

i-C

ycle

Time Interval

BI-CYCLE Fluctuation Histogram

0123456789

10

7-8AM

8-9AM

9-10AM

10-11AM

11-12AM

12-1.0PM

1-2PM

2-3PM

3-4PM

4-5PM

79

108 8

79

7

10

4

Axi

s Ti

tle

Axis Title

Total Motorcycle

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CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

6.1 Conclusion

Depending on the size and shape of the tract, only 900 parking layouts are provided because they

require the smallest area per car space and can suffice to the current demand. The peak demand in

peak hour (11AM -12PM) is 41 (in 4 day observation). The Total available capacity is 38 slots

including 36 slot and 2 slot for disable person. To accommodate some small additional parking,

parking control measure such as time scheduling can be provided.

In order to facilitate entry and exit of cars in front of civil building, a roundabout may be provided.

Moreover, a solution was also given to one of the current problem that exists at the back of civil

building. Previously cars used to drop off their passengers during rain by driving straight to the

porch and thereby causing congestion when another passenger car follows right behind it. So the

pattern was “Fast in, Last out”. We recommended constructing a glass corridor on one side of the

porch which extends right to the main street. So, during rain, a car just have to drop off the

passenger at the corridor and leave right away giving him/her the option of “Fast in, Fast out” and

relieves the area of congestion.

6.2 Recommendation

Waste of concrete lab should be properly managed.

Proper parking control should be implemented.

For comfortable parking area, tree plantation can be done.

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REFERRENCES

1. http://parkandgo.org/media/parking_studies/appendI.pdf

2. http://www.codepublishing.com/CA/Larkspur/?larkspur18/larkspur1856.html&?f

3. http://www.slideshare.net/ShakilURP06BUET/parking-demand-supply-analysis-of-

differentcommercial-land-uses-along-mirpur-road-28691376

4. http://cityofberea.org/pdf_cityofberea/en-US/FinalParkingStudy.pdf

5.http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/niatt_labmanual/chapters/parkinglotdesign/theoryandco

nc epts/parkingstalllayoutconsiderations.htm

6.https://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/pdfs/2015/SFMTA_bicycle_parking_guidelines.pdf

7. http://www.mapc.org/resources/parking-toolkit/parking-study-howto

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APPENDIX

A.1 Parking Slot Design and Future extension is shown in AutoCAD File (Attached)