UNIVERSITY OF MYSOREManasagangothri, Mysore-6 BY MANIKANTASWAMY V S 2nd semester ,M.tech(URP) I.D.S

ORIGIN AND DESTINATION STUDY

In a transportation study, it is often necessary to know the exact origin and destination of the trips. The information yielded by O-D survey includes land-use of the zones of origin and destination, household characteristics of the trip making family, time of the day when journeys are made, trip purpose and mode of travel.

INTRODUCTION

Origin is defined as the place where the trip begins and destination is defined as the place where the trip ends.

Origin-Destination (OD) studies are an important tool for transportation Professionals. OD studies are conducted to understand the pattern of the movement of Persons and goods in a particular area of interest during a particular period of time (Wang, 1997).

 

The specific uses to which o-d survey data

To determine the amount of by passable traffic that enters a town and thus establishes the need for bypass.

To develop trip generation and trip distribution models in transport planning process.

To determine the extent to which the present highway system is adequate and plan for new facilities.

To assess the adequacy of parking facilities and plan for future

METHODS OF ORIGIN AND DESTINATION STUDY In order that may flow as smoothly and safety as possible, it may become necessary to collect data as to where the traffic came from and where it is going. That is the purpose of this type of study. The information gathered may be used to modify the circulation pattern or assist in other long range planning activities. These studies are time consuming and rather complex. They also require the cooperation and assistance of the public.

There are 6 different methods of conducting origin and destination studies.

License plate mail –out method

Road side interview

Mail- back postcard surveys

Phone surveys

Cell phone, and global positioning system (GPS) receiver

License plate mail –out method

The licence plate mail-out survey involves recording licence plate numbers of vehicle on a selected roadway, tracing vehicle ownership, and mailing a survey to owner’s .

There are two different methods to obtain the licence plate number: taking a photo / video or manually recording the tag on vehicle. photo or video are often used for high volume highways and the manual recording method can be used for low and medium volume road way .

This method has no disruption to normal traffic flow because it does not require vehicles to be stopped to receive the survey

Road side interview

Road side interview involves directing vehicles into a designated interview area and asking a series of short questions.

This technique has been widely used for both truck and auto trip collection because it has a very high response rate , good sampling control, boar geographic coverage , and normally result in complete information.

The dis advantage of this method is that it generally requires more personal and traffic control at survey sites. Sometimes, it may be difficult to implement due to traffic disruption especially in urban areas.

Survey Questionnaire:Location:Date:STANDARD FORMAT Origin-Destination SurveyQuestionsPlease take a moment to answer a few questionsabout your trip. Your responses will help determine theneed for improvements in this area.·Where did your trip begin?City/Town _____________________________State ______Zip _______·What type of place is your trip start point?

❒ Primary Residence ❒ Workplace ❒ Store ❒ School (I am a student) ❒ Recreation Area

❒Other _________________________________

·Where did your trip end?City/Town _____________________________State ______Zip __________·What type of place is your trip end point?

❒ Primary Residence ❒ Workplace ❒ Store ❒ School (I am a student) ❒ Recreation Area ❒ Other _________________________________

·What was the purpose of your trip? ❒ Work Commute ❒ Business Related ❒ Shopping ❒ School (attend class)

❒Recreation ❒Other ___________________·How many people were in the vehicle, includingthe driver?

❒ 1 ❒ 2 ❒ 3 ❒ 4 ❒ 5 orMore

·What type of vehicle were you in? ❒ Passenger vehicle (car,

motorcycle,SUV, pick-up truck, minivan)

❒ Commercial vehicle❒Other____________________________·Do you regularly use this route?

❒ Yes ❒ No

·Please add any comments on transportation youMay have.Comments____________________________Thank you very much for your cooperation!

Mail- back postcard survey Mail- back postcard surveys are often used when

traffic volume is high .compared to the road side interview , postcard survey have less impact on traffic

post card with a brief questionnaire can be distributed to motorists either at rest areas on the interstates or at signalized intersections or gas stations where they normally stop.

The advantages of this technique are that postcards can be distributed quickly and with fewer personnel than are required for interviews.

The disadvantage is that a higher number of vehicles must be sampled to obtain an adequate number of completed surveys because of the lower response rate of less than 30 percept .

Phone surveys

Telephone surveys typically have a higher response rate mail –back, and lower response rate than road interview.

This method has no disruption to traffic flow and no risk for survey personnel. However, it involves a great effort of identifying the appropriate contact person and phone number .

This method is often used for household travel surveys, and seldom used O-D survey.

Cell phone, and global positioning system (GPS) receiver

Cell phone tracking technology currently and presumably can only provide the data on phone (the owners) movements as cell phones transition from one cell tower to another cell tower. The phones must be on, although not in use.

The data from cell phone movements can possibly generate origin –destination data needed for support of planning models. However, to date, this technology has not been used for an O-D study.

Widespread utilization of GPS receivers for O-D data collection is currently cost prohibitive, especially for large rural and urban areas.

CASE STUDY Objective of the present studyTo judge the adequacy of existing routes and to use in

planning new network of roads.·To plan transport system and mass transit facilities in

cities including routes and schedulesOf operation.To locate terminals and to plan terminal facilities. To locate intermediate stops of public transport. To locate new bridges as per traffic demands.

Scope of the present study

To conduct O_D studies and collect data regarding to number of trips generated, attracted and distributed.

METHODOLOGY

Road side interview method

A roadside origin/destination survey of drivers traveling through the Havanur Circle area was conducted to further expand the base information on existing travel patterns. The data collected includes origin, destination, and purpose of vehicle trips, vehicle occupancy and classification of vehicle type. This data will assist in the distribution and assignment of future travel demands generated in the study area. A road side interview method was selected for the survey

PRESENT STUDY OF SURVEY

Survey locations

Havanur junction

WEEKDAY (9:00 am – 11:00 am)SL.NO

NO. OFINTERVIEW

WORK

SHOPPING

SCHOOL/COLLEGE

OTHERS

1 15 8 2 3 2

2 20 10 4 4 2

3 10 2 1 3 4

4 25 6 5 10 4

5 10 1 2 2 2

6 20 10 2 6 2

1. Shankara mutt2. West-off chord road3. Vijayanagar4. Magadi road5. Outer ring road6. Havanur circle

Conclusion:Havanur circle is one of the busiest junctions in Bangalore; this intersection makes a way to outer ring road, magadi road and Mysore road. The following measures are taken to reduce traffic congestion

·Short term measures: ·Alter the timings of the HAVANUR junction traffic

signals and review the traffic And pedestrian phases to ease congestion at

certain times of the day. ·Alteration of signal timings during off peak hour

period. ·Movement of heavy commercial vehicles should be

avoid at day time and allow at night time.

·Long term measures:

·Channelization of junction like providing free left on both sides of the junction.

·Extra widening of carriage width by reducing the footpath width of KHB of Vijayanagar to Shankara mutt.

·Underpass should be provided from Westoff chord road to Basaveshvaranagar 4th block.

·Models like modal split, travel time demandcan be generated.

CONCLUSION

Origin is defined as the place where the trip begins and destination is defined as the place where the trip ends. Origin-Destination (OD) studies are an important tool for transportation Professionals. OD studies are conducted to understand the pattern of the movement of Persons and goods in a particular area of interest during a particular period of time. And used for many purpose like to determine the extent to which the present highway system is adequate and plan for new facilities

References1. Guidelines for Data Collection Techniques and Methods for Roadside Station Origin-DestinationStudiesBryan P. Guy,Jon D. Frickerfricker@purdue.edu 2. “Origin-Destination Studies”-A Case Study Of Junction Improvements In Bangalore City, Manjunath K. RAsst. professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Dayananad sagar college of Engineering, Bangalore3. khanna.s.k,justo.c.e.g -“Highway engineering”4. http//www.trb.in5. Origin-Destination and Traffic Circulation StudyTrunk Highway 43 Bridge AreaWinona, Minnesota

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