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IGSHPA Technical / Research Conference and Expo 2017
Denver, ColoradoMarch 15th, 2017
New Methods to Spatially Extend Thermal Response Test Assessments
Jasmin Raymond, Michel Malo, Louis Lamarche, Lorenzo Perozzi, Erwan Gloaguen & Carl Bégin
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Thermal response test (TRT)
Raym
ond
et a
l. 20
11. G
roun
d wa
ter• Evaluation of the subsurface
thermal conductivity• To design ground coupled heat
pump (GCHP) systems• Single test commonly carried
out for a commercial size system
• Limited use because of important cost
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TRT radius of influence
Raymond et al. 2014. ASHRAE Trans.
• Limited to ~1 - 2 m• Heterogeneous subsurface
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How to extend TRT assessment beyond a single well?
1) Inverse numerical modeling of a temperature profile – site scale, large project
2) Geostatistical simulation – district scale, many small projects
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1) Site scale extrapolation of thermal conductivity
Validated at an experimental site with 2 boreholes
Versaprofiles test site
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Measurement of temperature profiles
Submersible pressure and
temperature probe
Depth compensated by the rise in water level inside the U-pipe
𝐷∗(𝐿)=𝐷− ¿
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Numerical model development
Transient conductiveHeat transfer
tTc
yTλ
yxTλ
x
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PG-08-01: Evaluation of the Earth heat flux with inverse numerical simulations
λ = 3.0 W/mK (TRT) Squared residuals are
minimized to find q
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PG-08-02: Evaluation of the subsurface thermal conductivity with inverse numerical simulations
q = 25 mW/m2 (inversion)Squared residuals are
minimized to find λ
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Inverse numerical simulations to extent TRT assessmentRaymond et al. 2017. Renewable Energy
λ inversed = 3.2 W/mK λ TRT = 3.5 W/mK
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2) District scale extrapolation of thermal conductivity
Geothermal potential of an urban area with multiple projects
350 km2 zonein the northern
part of MontrealPerozzi et al. 2016. R1663
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4 TRTs with a heating cable
Wireless hub
Wireless switch
Variable transformer
Intelligent power meter
To power supply
To heating cable
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TRT analysis example
∆𝑇 (𝑡)∆ ln (𝑡)
= 𝑄4𝜋 λs𝐻
Q=V 𝐴
Infinite line source equation with the temporal superposition
principle for the recovery period
Slope method
∆𝑇 (𝑡c , 𝑡h)
∆ ln (𝑡 c+𝑡h𝑡 c
)= 𝑄4𝜋 λs𝐻
Test 3Thermal conductivity (W/mK)
Dep
th (m
)
Overburden
Bedrock
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10 lab measurements on outcrop samples
Transient plane source method
ctherm.com
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Measurements summary
Latitude LongitudeThermal
conductivity
(W/mK)Thermostratigraphic unit Measurement type
45.519249 -73.652824 2.10 T-BR-C Outcrop/TPS
45.519249 -73.652824 2.22 T-BR-C Outcrop/TPS
45.547637 -73.696752 2.90 T-BR-C Outcrop/TPS
45.60307 -73.656963 2.90 T-BR-C Outcrop/TPS
45.604803 -73.659649 3.15 T-BR-C Outcrop/TPS
45.605735 -73.661411 2.31 T-BR-C Outcrop/TPS
45.60307 -73.656963 2.60 T-BR-C Outcrop/TPS
45.602381 -73.658056 2.93 T-BR-C Outcrop/TPS
45.50964 -73.627682 2.24 T-BR-C Outcrop/TPS
45.604803 -73.659649 2.16 T-BR-C Outcrop/TPS
45.511454 -73.6518 2.39 T-BR-C Borehole/TRT cable
45.504581 -73.65772 2.39 T-BR-C Borehole/TRT cable
45.516988 -73.648486 2.81 T-BR-C Borehole/TRT cable
45.527392 -73.855424 4.20 Beauharnois Borehole/TRT cable
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Synthetic data
45 measurements at the sedimentary
basin scale
Thermostratigraphy of the St. Lawrence
Lowlands
Average thermal properties
Thermal conductivity (W/mK)
Thermostratigraphic unit N Average Standard
deviation
Trenton, Black River, Chazy 23 2.67 0.44
Beauharnois 6 3.40 0.55
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ond
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17. E
nviro
nmen
tal E
arth
Scie
nces
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Sequential Gaussian simulations
To evaluate the spatial distributionof the host rock thermal conductivity
35 000 pixels 100 m × 100 m
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Single stochastic realization
Perozzi et al. 2016. R1663
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Mean of 10 stochastic realizations
Perozzi et al. 2016. R1663
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Perozzi et al. 2016. R1663
Standard deviation of 10 stochastic realizations
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Conclusions
Two methods are proposed to extend TRT assessments:
• Inverse numerical modeling of temperature profiles to extend at the site scale beyond a first TRT
• Geostatistical simulations to interpolate TRT assessments at the district scale
Can create new opportunities for TRT assessments!
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Past and current TRT research - Field and analytical methods
The next challenge -Spatial limitation
Conclusions